Stages Of Industrial Development Research Articles

Knowledge Management: Efforts to Create an Excellent Digital Creative Industry

As a sub-sector of the creative industry, which is a priority in the third stage of national creative industry development, the digital creative industry should be further developed through appropriate strategies. The heart of the industry is ideal for creating creative digital products. If not managed, it is difficult to transform each individual's ideas into organizational knowledge. Knowledge management as a medium for managing ideas can transform individual knowledge into shared knowledge. This research is qualitative. The sampling technique used is targeted sampling. Respondents of this survey are digital creative businessmen from Bandung City who have a deep understanding of the knowledge management process. Data were collected by observational methods, questionnaire distribution, and in-depth interviews. The survey found that the digital creative industry in Bandung City is facing problems in implementing effective knowledge management. Personal knowledge, work processes, and possession of technology were not optimally implemented to complete the work.

Study on Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of High-quality Development of Logistics Industry in Yangtze River Economic Belt

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is not only an important hub for interaction and cooperation between the Middle East and the west, but also has a high-standard and efficient transportation network based on the Yellow River waterway construction. It is of great significance to study how its logistics industry can achieve high-quality development. Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses spatial autocorrelation model to determine the regional differences of high-quality logistics development, and explores the three major influencing factors of regional imbalance through geographically weighted regression analysis. It is found that there is a significant spatial positive correlation between the high-quality development of logistics in various provinces in the region, and the gap between upstream and downstream is obvious; At the same time, for economic factors, enterprise factors and population factors, the upstream region is more sensitive to population size, while the downstream region pays more attention to economic level, which reflects the different development stages of logistics industry in different regions. Therefore, it is the only way to grasp the different characteristics of different regions and realize overall coordination and high-quality industrial development according to local conditions.

Промышленная политика России в условиях вызовов глобальной трансформации: задачи теории и практики перехода к новому этапу индустриального развития (НИО.2)

Modern Russia, like the whole world, is going through a period of uncertainty and turbulence associated with a change in the long-term trajectory of development. This transformation creates new challenges for the Russian economy and society as a whole. The only effective strategy in these conditions is the reindustrialization of the economy on the basis of the VI technological order and movement towards the new stage of industrial development. The main challenge is the achievement of technological independence. The key tasks are ensuring a technological breakthrough; development of a knowledge-intensive production; creation of socio-economic relations that encourage the priority development of knowledge-intensive production. Particular attention is paid to the creation of a state planning system, the institutionalization of industrial policy strategic planning. Various options for its implementation are presented.

Industrial structure, high-quality development of logistics industry and the economy.

The logistics industry is closely related to the high-quality economic development. At different levels of industrial structure, the relationship between high-quality development of the logistics industry and the high-quality economic development will vary, resulting in different roles and paths in promoting economic development. However, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between high-quality development of the logistics industry and high-quality economic development at different levels of industrial structure, and further empirical research is needed. It used the benchmark regression model to analyze the impact of the high-quality development of the logistics industry on high-quality economic development, and the panel threshold model was used to analyze the impact of the logistics industry on high-quality economic development at different levels of industrial structure development. The results show that the high-quality development of the logistics industry has a positive role in promoting the high-quality economic development, and in different levels of industrial structure development, the impact of high-quality development level of logistics industry on the high-quality economic development is different. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the industrial structure, promote the deep integration and development of logistics and related industries, and continue to promote the high-quality development of the logistics industry. And when formulating development strategies for the logistics industry, governments and enterprises need to consider factors such as changes in industrial structure, the overall goals of national economy, people's livelihood, and social development, in order to provide solid support for achieving high-quality economic development. This paper demonstrates the importance of high-quality development of the logistics industry in high-quality economic development, and it encourages the adoption of different strategies at different stages of industrial structure development to promote high-quality development of the logistics industry, and achieve high-quality economic development.

Study on Effects of Land Use Change on Carbon Emissions in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region from 1990 to 2020

In order to deeply understand the impact of land use types on carbon effect, we choose the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region as the study area. By using the IPCC calculation method and the modified carbon emission calculation model, our paper estimates the carbon source and carbon sink effects of change in land use type in Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin from 1990 to 2020, and analyzes their temporal and spatial changes. The results show that: (1) Development of some factories has gradually shifted to Hebei, so its land area for industrial development has increased. The corresponding total energy consumption has also increased. (2) Construction land is the primary carbon source. The region is in the golden stage of urban construction and industrial development, and the regional infrastructure land will increase accordingly. The construction land will maintain a high growth trend over a long period. (3) Total carbon dioxide in this study area is increasing, and the massive carbon dioxide emissions of change in land use type is far greater than the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed.

A proposal of hazard analysis method using structured system theoretical process analysis

System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a method for analyzing hazards caused by interactions between components of an industrial product. STPA is applied in the upper stream stages of industrial product development, STPA detects hazards while referring to the whole configuration of the industrial product. Therefore, STPA generally does not deal with detailed information about the industrial product. Since the information on the industrial product is insufficient, it is difficult to clarify the factors of hazards, the occurrence order of factors, and the conditions that occur the hazard by STPA. Therefore, the following methods were added to the conventional STPA; the method of describing the components of industrial products in hierarchical detail, the method of clearly defining the behaviour of each component, and the method of tracking the structured CSD to clarify the causes of the hazard. By adding those methods, it became possible to conduct a hazard analysis of the industrial product in detail. As a result of applying the proposed method to the existing railroad crossing control system, it was confirmed that the proposed method could detect more factors of hazards and create adequate scenarios from the occurrence of hazard causes to the occurrence of the hazard.

Multi-objective development path evolution of new energy vehicle policy driven by big data: From the perspective of economic-ecological-social

With the sustainable development of new energy vehicle industry, there are problems of policy such as unbalanced policy structure, invalid detailed rules, and lack of objectives. While previous studies are lack of multi-objective development under the complex causal effects of various policies. Based on the paradigm driven by big data, this study deals with the multi-source and heterogeneous data of policy and multi-objective, constructs and trains PSR(Pressure-State-Response)-Bayesian network model. Then it completes the prediction of multi-objective development, cause diagnosis of policy in uncertain environment, and explores the evolution process of policy effect path. Results show that: (1) The multi-objective development of each policy in various stages changes dynamically, and unbalanced policy structure is found through results prediction; (2) Each objective development requires various policy priorities in each stage, and policy bottleneck problem due to invalid detailed rules having identified by cause diagnosis; (3) The effect path of policy mix to multi-objective development evolves dynamically, and exists lack of policy effect path. (4) According to the characteristics of industrial development stage, multi-objective development for sustainability should be realized through the spiral advancement of policies’ dynamic optimization.

AUGMENTED REALITY BASED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR OBJECTS 3D MODELS VISUALIZATION

At the current stage of IT industry development, augmented reality is of interest both from the side of science and from the business side, since it is an advanced and newest tool for introducing a new immersive user experience. Today there are plenty ready-to-use applications that use AR for business, educational, medical and other purposes. Augmented Reality is currently one of the most popular upcoming technologies most commonly known for its use within games and advertising. By combining three-dimensional modelling with augmented reality, it could be possible to obtain new user friendly applications for the representing 3D models of objects in real time and in real size. The topic of research in the field of augmented reality is currently relevant both for science and for the business industry. The paper proposes a multifunctional information system for three-dimensional models visualization in augmented reality, which is implemented in the form of a cross-platform mobile application. The proposed information system uses a device camera as a mean of object visualization and provides quick reproduction of the selected from the application`s database model in augmented reality in real size and in real time. The developed application works quite well, has a user friendly and intuitive interface and allows user to add own models, that makes this tool multipurpose.Test 3D models have been created for conducting experiments for verification the proposed information system operation. The further efforts of the authors will be directed to improving the existing algorithms for extending the current functionality of the proposed tool for 3D objects models visualization in augmented reality and application of the developed tool for real-life needs, such as digitization and visualization of museum exhibits and archaeological artifacts of Khmelnytskyi region.

Modern paradigms and megatrends of industrialdevelopment

Implementation of long-term strategies by all industrial stakeholders. The global nature of the challenges necessitates the organic and harmonious integration of all national economies into a new paradigmatic development framework. This requires active rethinking of strategic concepts and industrial policies by political and economic elites at the national, regional, and global levels. There is a growing trend towards expanding the targeted multi-dimensionality of industrial development as a component of holistic socio-economic systems at any level. Thus, the task of deepening the balance and harmonization of individual vectors and processes, both in the sector itself and in related sectors of the economy, is becoming more urgent. As part of the implementation of the imperatives of the socio-humanitarian paradigm, megatrends are being formed to prioritize the inclusion of humanitarian progress goals in industrial strategies and policies, transition to customer-oriented business models, and reorientation of industrial activities to form/expand the "comfort zone" (in various dimensions). The trend of systemic changes in the models of production use of all types of resources on the basis of maximizing resources’ efficiency and environmental safety is strategically important for global industrial development. This will lead to a shift in emphasis in long-term strategies from maximizing the volume and quantity to optimizing the structural and quality parameters of industrial production. The prospects for implementing the innovative paradigm of industrial development will be mainly determined by the scale and dynamics of 4IR deployment in key technological areas (digitalization, robotics, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc.). For sustainable and inclusive development permanent innovative adaptability to changes is becoming a necessary property of industrial production and economic systems at all levels. In the context of the technological trend caused by the 4IR, the factors of information and communication and human resources are becoming increasingly important. The implementation of the innovative paradigm of industrial development contributes to the dynamic formation and deployment of the trend of creativity in the development and modernization of business models and industrial projects. At the current stage of world industrial development, the implementation of the globalization paradigm is accompanied by contradictory phenomena. However, the economic effects of globalization, which have already manifested themselves or are potentially possible, provide grounds to consider the trends caused by it as relatively stable long-term trends. The current processes of national/regional autonomisation should be viewed as a tactical adaptation maneuver in the economic policy of states and regional entities.

Research on the companies’ diversification of improving user stickiness

Since China entered the “Internet+” era, social networking platforms have been developed efficiently, and the speed of information transmission has changed qualitatively, most people began to receive all kinds of information through mobile phones, and Internet advertising accounts for most of the market, changing people’s lifestyles and driving the development of various industries. In this context, companies are paying more and more attention to brand value, user quality, and accumulated user stickiness. This paper will combine the different stages of media industry development, how to empower to enhance the user stickiness of enterprises, and explore the following aspects: brand promotion, consumer psychology, marketing strategy, communication methods, etc. Based on the existing successful cases, how enterprises can better use social media to do their marketing work under the background of “Internet +” and become the leading enterprises in the industry. This will be an important issue in the future development planning stage.

Spatiotemporal differentiation of carbon emission efficiency and influencing factors: From the perspective of 136 countries

The severity of the global climate issue is rising, primarily as a result of excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Climate change is a global problem. How to reduce carbon dioxide emissions while promoting social and economic development is a problem that all countries need to face. This study examines global carbon emission efficiency in order to make recommendations for comprehensively improving global low-carbon development level. We extend the research scale of carbon emission efficiency from countries, regions, economic belts and sectors to the world, which can show the differences of countries and has theoretical guiding significance for global low-carbon development. This study calculates the carbon emission efficiency for 136 countries from 2000 to 2019 using the Super-EBM model. The discussion that follows examines the temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon emissions efficiency in 136 countries from the perspective of countries, developed and developing countries, and regions. Finally, the Tobit model is used to comprehensively analyze the factors that affect carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: (1) There are great differences in carbon emission efficiency among countries and regions. Only a few countries reach the production frontier, mainly in Europe, which are Switzerland, Luxembourg, Iraq, Norway, Denmark and the United Kingdom. The carbon emission efficiency of most countries is not ideal, being mainly concentrated in Asia and Africa, and has not achieved significant improvement over time. Asia has the lowest carbon emission efficiency. Mongolia, Ukraine, Iran, Angola, Belarus and Uzbekistan are the key governance areas for global energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction. (2) Developed countries have the much higher average carbon emission efficiency than developing countries. Combined with the industrial development stages of developed and developing countries, this is in line with the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The average carbon emission efficiency gap between developing and developed countries shows a trend of “first narrowing and then widening”, which demonstrates that developing countries' reliance on energy input to boost their economies will improve carbon emission efficiency, but only temporarily. (3) Urbanization level, foreign trade and proportion of renewable energy effectively improve the carbon emission efficiency, while industrial structure and proportion of electricity users have an inhibitory effect on the carbon emission efficiency. Global low-carbon development should be hastened by strengthening international cooperation, optimizing industrial structure, promoting urbanization and foreign trade, and adjusting the energy structure.

CURRENT TRENDS OF SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGIZATION OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE CHERKASY REGION

The article presents an analysis of modern trends in sustainable ecologization of the tourism industry in the Cherkasy region. Tourism is not only one of the factors of economic growth and development of recreational areas, but also an important factor in environmental problems due to irrational use of nature, negative impact on the environment, which determines the urgency of ecologization of the tourism industry at the current stage of tourism industry development. The relevance of the study is explained by insufficient coverage of the issue of ecologization of the tourism industry in the Cherkasy region in the scientific literature. All historical and cultural reserves of the region are quite far from the city of Cherkasy and are located in a picturesque area rich in natural recreational resources, which leads to the active development of tourism there, but this does not always have a positive effect on the environment. The study reveals the prospects for reducing and avoiding the negative consequences of tourism for the environment in the long run with the help of better coordination and preventive planning, environmentally friendly transport concepts, the use of environmentally compatible supply and disposal technologies and careful management of the tourism organizations activities. The article proves that today in Ukraine there is a quite acute problem of determining the needs for the sustainable development of various types of tourism depending on the availability of natural, anthropogenic and natural-anthropogenic tourism resources in various regions of the country, and in the Cherkasy region in particular, as well as the preservation of these resources, since the impact of tourism on the environment is global and irrational use of resources can lead to irreversible consequences. It is expedient to build a strategy for the development of ecological tourism with the help of the relevant authorities of nature conservation areas and the state tourism administration and with the support of national and regional administrations. The concept of sustainable development of tourism should be aimed at promoting the development of settlements and at the same time protecting natural resources. One of the means of preserving the environment can be the allocation of quiet zones according to ecological aspects, in which tourist buildings should be avoided, and pristine natural areas and landscapes preserved.

Мain stages in the development of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region

Background. The development of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region is closely linked with the development of oil and gas resources of the Caspian Sea and adjacent territories. According to historical sources, it was in the Caspian region where the global offshore oil production was launched. Further, other countries used the experience gained in the Caspian region. Four main stages can be distinguished in the of the Caspian oil and gas complex, including the nascent (antique and medieval eras) stage; the initial stage of industrial development (from the 10th century to 1917); the Soviet stage of industrial development; and the modern stage of industrial development.Aim. To study of the history of the development of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region.Materials and methods. The methods of retrospective, graphical, statistical, system-structural analysis were used in the work.Results. Based on the results of the study, the main stages in the development of the oil and gas industry in the Caspian region were identified.

Digitalization of Ensuring Metrological Traceability of Measuring Instruments and Reference Materials through Cloud-Based Technologies: Current State and Development Prospects

The accelerated implementation of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere is one of the national priorities in the Russian Federation. One of the components of this stage of industrial development is the creation of a comprehensive cloud platform for the complete automation of metrological centers and the implementation of the strategy for ensuring the uniformity of measurements ≪Metrology 4.0≫. Considering the numerous advantages of implementing digital systems and services, the integration of digital systems into life is associated with a number of difficulties, such as the lack of a single API protocol in the exchange of databases, the lack of unified standardized directories, etc.The purpose of this study is compilation of information about existing foreign and national cloud-based solutions in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements, identification of their shortcomings and finding solutions to emerging problems, taking into account the conditions of modern technologies.The main research methods were an analysis of the current situation in terms of metrological digital services in the Russian Federation, as well as in Germany, India in the USA and other countries. A comparison of approaches to the construction and prospects of the metrological cloud is carried out. The problems of introducing innovative technologies are described. The study using the example of FSIS ≪ARSHIN≫ showed that this digital service used in the Russian Federation does not have comprehensive functionality for organizing the metrological activities of enterprises and has limitations that do not allow moving to a new stage of digitalization. The main disadvantages of FSIS ≪ARSHIN≫ include the following: insufficient expansion of the coverage of measuring instruments, the impossibility of automatic processing of information about measuring instruments, as well as the lack of infrastructure for obtaining direct measuring information through cloudbased technologies.As part of solving the problem, the author proposed a scheme for improving the FSIS ≪ARSHIN≫ system which includes: an algorithm for creating a uniform standard for the formation of systems for processing, storing and analyzing data of measuring instruments and reference materials; the creation of universal digital directories that allow describing measuring instruments for the formation of the scope of accreditation in the configurator of the Federal Accreditation Service; the creation of a unique identification number for the measuring instrument and reference material; the implementation of a secure mechanism for unique identification, verification and transmission of data on a measuring instrument based on blockchain technologies.This scheme can be integrated into the FSIS ≪ARSHIN≫ and undergo trial operation without additional financial costs from the budget of the Russian Federation. This approach of gradually increasing the digital capabilities of the state, as well as ensuring safe work with large amounts of data, makes it possible for further digitalization and the prospect of developing a system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements in the Russian Federation.

The Role of Influencing Factors on Brand Equity and Firm Performance with Innovation Culture as a Moderator: A Study on Art Education Firms in China

Presently, particularly in China, the market for art education is still in the growth stage of industrial development. Nevertheless, there is a huge number of art education businesses competing for a share of China’s art education industry, which is of a very modest size. Given the evolution of the economy and innovative culture, it is of the utmost necessity to comprehend both brand equity and corporate success in the present day. This study explored the relationship between brand equity and company performance under the adjustment of innovation culture using Chinese art education businesses as the baseline study. The present study examined the relationship between the five components of brand equity that are primarily comprised of brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand relevance, and brand equity with the moderating impact of innovation culture. A total of 300 respondents, including art education firm managers, teachers, and other key employees, participated in the survey and WarpPLS 8.0 was used to evaluate the proposed model. Subsequently, the statistical findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the brand equity components (i.e., perceived quality and brand relevance) and a firm’s performance, while a firm’s innovation culture was discovered to moderate the said relationship. The implications of these findings are further discussed.

Changes in Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Communities at Different Stages of Industrial Hemp Development

Determining the nutrient requirements of industrial hemp to increase the yield requires quantifying variations in soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different growth stages, along with relevant soil microbial response. This study investigated the effects of different growth stages of industrial hemp on rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial communities. The results showed that with the increase in the growth stages, the pH and available phosphorus (AP) decreased, while the soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) increased substantially, indicating that the demand for nutrients of industrial hemp was constantly changing. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were found to be the keystone taxa to adapt to the nutrient requirements of industrial hemp at different growth stages by regulating soil enzyme activity. Furthermore, using the redundancy analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis, we found that microbial taxonomic composition was related to the variations in AN, AP, and pH. In general, we emphasized that the interaction between industrial hemp and soil is closely related to the growth stage, which increases plant adaptability and growth because of the change of soil microorganisms.

Variance Analysis in China's Coal Mine Accident Studies Based on Data Mining.

The risk of coal mine accidents rises significantly with mining depth, making it urgent for accident prevention to be supported by both scientific analysis and advanced technologies. Hence, a comprehensive grasp of the research progress and differences in hotspots of coal mine accidents in China serves as a guide to find the shortcomings of studies in the field, promote the effectiveness of coal mine disaster management, and enhance the prevention and control ability of coal mine accidents. This paper analyzes Chinese and foreign literature based on data mining algorithms (LSI + Apriori), and the findings indicate that: (1) 99% of the available achievements are published in Chinese or English-language journals, with the research history conforming to the stage of Chinese coal industry development, which is characterized by "statistical description, risk evaluation, mechanism research, and intelligent reasoning". (2) Chinese authors are the primary contributors that lead and contribute to the continued development of coal mine accident research in China globally. Over 81% of the authors and over 60% of the new authors annually are from China. (3) The emphasis of the Chinese and English studies is different. Specifically, the Chinese studies focus on the analysis of accident patterns and causes at the macroscale, while the English studies concentrate on the occupational injuries of miners at the small-scale and the mechanism of typical coal mine disasters (gas and coal spontaneous combustion). (4) The research process in Chinese is generally later than that in English due to the joint influence of the target audience, industrial policy, and scientific research evaluation system. After 2018, the Chinese studies focus significantly on AI technology in deep mining regarding accident rules, regional variation analysis, risk monitoring and early warning, as well as knowledge intelligence services, while the hotspots of English studies remain unchanged. Furthermore, both Chinese and English studies around 2019 focus on "public opinion", with Chinese ones focusing on serving the government to guide the correct direction of public opinion while English studies focus on critical research of news authenticity and China's safety strategy.

Revisiting South Korean industrial development and innovation policies: from implementation capability to design capability

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of two types of technological capabilities, i.e. implementation and design capabilities, across different industrial development stages, and coherent yet evolving innovation policies to foster each of the technological capabilities. This framework provides a theoretical basis to analyse the two different types of non-continuous transitions between the stages of industrial development. It also explains that these transitions come from the accumulation of technological capability led by deliberate policy intervention to manage the transition process. The Korean industrial development experience shows how the country’s innovation policies and following upgrades in technological capability led to successful transitions of industries. The lessons from Korean development provide strong policy implications to countries facing slowdowns during industrial transitions, and explain the slowdowns from the perspective of two distinct technological capabilities.

მრეწველობის განვითარების ხელშემწყობი ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკა საქართველოში

In connection with the transition to a market economy, the industrial industry inherited from the Soviet economy was almost completely dismantled. In 1990-1994, compared to the Soviet era, the production of industrial products decreased fivefold and the number of jobs fourfold (National Statistical Service of Georgia, 1995). Industrial products became uncompetitive in both domestic and foreign markets. The production of machines, devices, tools, electric machines, vehicles, products of light and partly food industry was stopped. Accordingly, the level of industrial production fell, the specific share of industry in the total domestic product decreased, and industrial ties were dissolved. All this led to the deindustrialization of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Industry of Georgia developed: the Industrial Concept of Georgia and “Strategic Programs for the Development of Industrial Enterprises of Georgia in 2000-2005” in order to solve the extremely important tasks facing the industry of Georgia in the period of transition to a market economy and for their further development. However, they did not have a major impact on the revitalization of the industrial sector. In the years 2003-2012, the share of industry in the total domestic product decreased. By 2020, sales of industrial products and production increased significantly, but the pandemic had a serious impact on both indicators. In 2022, compared to 2020, sales decreased by 2.6 times and output by 2.9 times. The number of employees has increased slightly in recent years; there were no major changes during the pandemic. Wages increased 1.9x in 2022 compared to 2014, with a slight increase in the post-pandemic era. The largest sub-sector of the industry is manufacturing, the share of which has increased compared to previous years (2018 - 18.4%, 2019 - 18.4%, 2020 - 20%). The share of the mining industry has also increased slightly (2018 - 1.2%, 2019 - 1.4%, 2020 - 1.9%). This is followed by the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning, the share of which is characterized by a downward trend (2018 - 2.3%, 2019 - 2.1%, 2020 - 2.1%). The water supply is also characterized by a decreasing trend; Sewage, waste management and decontamination works (2018 - 0.7%, 2019 - 0.7%, 2020 - 0.6%) (Georgian National Statistics Service, 2021). The economic policy of the state plays an essential role in the development of industry. Institutes have been established in Georgia since 2012, the aim of which was, among other things, to promote the development of various branches of industry. To date, the Government of Georgia has implemented a number of programs in this direction. Specifically, Produce in Georgia, Partnership Fund, Industrial Development Group, Innovation and Technology Development Agency of Georgia, Startup Georgia. After the implementation of programs to support the industrial sector, there are some positive results both in terms of employment and business development. At the current stage of industrial development, the country should choose a model aimed at technological development and maximum growth of export potential. An industrial policy should be developed in the country, which will allow us to apply innovative approaches in the priority branches of industry. It is necessary to use such instruments of industrial policy as: innovations and technologies, education and skills, orientation to foreign trade, development of a mechanism to support priority industries, competitiveness and protection of competition. Based on the identified challenges in the area of ​​industry, recommendations for the implementation of an active industrial policy in short and long term periods were developed. Namely: the government's priority orientation of industrial development; paying special attention to the processing industry sectors that Georgia has the potential to produce; supporting the development of scientific fields; Determination of certain benefits for those investors who invest money in industrial production; State partnership with the private sector, manifested in the fight against bureaucracy, corruption and crime, creating favorable business conditions for entrepreneurs; Coordination between education - science - production should be implemented in the country. Much attention should be paid to basic scientific research, which does not require purely commercial returns in the short term, science should become a real productive force; Particular importance should be attached to the formation of such an entrepreneurial ecosystem that will contribute to the expansion of export-oriented production; Overcoming entry barriers in export markets. Keywords: Industry, sectoral structure of industry, export-import of industrial products, institutions implementing industrial policy. JEL Codes: L16, L52, L53, O25

Trade protection and firm innovation in China

PurposeThe author investigates the effect of trade protection on domestic firm innovation in China and explores the channel through which trade protection affects corporate innovation.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Chinese A-share manufacturing companies from 2003 to 2019, the author starts with a univariate analysis by examining the innovation output after trade protection for all samples. The author uses the natural logarithm of one plus the number of trade protection cases received by the industry to which the firm belongs in a particular year to proxy for trade protection.FindingsThe author finds that trade protection significantly encourages firms’ patent application, particularly substantive patents, which is stronger in non-state-owned enterprises. Moreover, the mitigation of financial constraint is plausible channel that allows trade protection to promote innovation.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, they should seize the dividends of national policies. In the process of implementing trade protection, they should concentrate on improving their innovation level and enhancing their core competitiveness. When they are not subject to trade protection, they can also make profits and develop in the long run.Social implicationsFor policy makers, in the early stage of industry development, trade protection can be used to ease the companies’ financing constraints and improve the companies’ profits, which will help them concentrate their efforts, promote innovation and further develop. However, in the mid-term development of the industry, policy makers should reduce trade protection. Through the entry of foreign capital, companies face increased competition, which can enhance the companies’ motivation for long-term development.Originality/valueOverall, this paper sheds light on the real effects of trade protection and the determinants of innovation. First, the paper sheds light on the impact of international trade on firms’ innovation. Second, this study also contributes to the emerging literature on the effect of trade policy uncertainty on financial constraint. Third, the paper adds to the stream of literature on the drivers of innovation.