Spread Of Spots Research Articles

Impact of Combined Phototherapy and Melanocyte Transplantation on Indicators of Vitiligo Activity.

To investigate the effect of phototherapy combined with melanocyte transplantation on the activity index of vitiligo. One hundred twenty patients with stable vitiligo were selected and divided into 2 groups: phototherapy group (n = 60) and phototherapy combined with melanocyte therapy group (n = 60). Patients' vitiligo activity scores before and 6 months after treatment, patients' skin pigmentation responses 6 months after treatment, and patients' new Koebner cases 6 months after treatment were compared. The expression of tyrosinase and Melan-A in the skin samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of skin surface repigmentation in the observation group was better than that in the control group (p < .05). The expression of tyrosinase and Melan-A in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (p < .05), indicating that the combined treatment could enhance the function of melanocytes. After 6 months of treatment, the incidence of the Koebner phenomenon in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p < .05). The combination of phototherapy and melanocyte transplantation can obviously improve the activity index of vitiligo, slow down the spread of white spots, reduce the formation of new white spots, and reduce the occurrence of the Koebner phenomenon.

Modeling the spread of rice blast in rice plant group based on cellular automata

Studying and modeling the process of the disease and spread of blast can guide fertilization and reduce the amount of pesticide application. Since most of the existing research focuses on the pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus and the interaction between the plant structure and the fungus, this paper presents a method to simulate the spread of rice blast among rice populations. The method is divided into the following processes. First, based on the cellular automata grid dynamics model, the cell state corresponds to the degree of infection of the rice blast fungus, and its ability to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of complex systems is used to simulate the spread of disease spots on the surface of rice leaves. Second, according to the biological mechanism of the rice blast fungus and the position of the first infected leaf in a single rice plant, the normal distribution function is used to calculate the infection probability of the remaining leaves, and then the transmission mode of the disease inside a single rice plant is simulated. Then, in view of the natural phenomenon that the blast fungus spores spread with the wind, the wind factor is added to propose a method for the spread of the rice blast fungus among the population of rice plants, and thus a model for the spread of the pathogen among the entire plant population was established. Finally, we set up a simulation system for the spread of rice blasts in rice fields and visualized the spread and spread trend of rice blasts in rice populations. In the simulation experiment, the infection process of rice blast on the surface of the rice leaf was simulated, and the change process of the shape of the diseased spot can be visually seen. This paper not only provides a new idea for the research on pathogen propagation and diffusion between plants in agricultural production but also provides a reference for how to realistically visualize the pathogen propagation model in the virtual agricultural scene.

Engineering performance of tungsten network reinforced copper matrix composites synthesized by selective laser melting and infiltration

ABSTRACT To solve poor engineering performance of copper-tungsten alloys operated at high temperatures, 3D network tungsten frameworks were prepared using a selective laser melting (SLM) process, and then copper was melted and diffused into these tungsten network structures to form copper matrix composites with different copper contents (i.e. Cu-10vol%W and Cu-30vol%W). Their mechanical/electrical properties and arc ablation performance were characterized. Results showed the obtained CuW composites were dense with good interfacial bonding, and the connected Cu phases formed a heat conduction channel and improved electrical and thermal conductivities of the composites. Electrical conductivities of Cu-30W and Cu-10W composites were 44.7% and 80.3% IACS, and their thermal conductivities at 25°C were 247.5 and 375.4 W/(m·K), respectively. The W-skeleton grid structure in the composites showed enhanced effects on impact toughness and anti-friction/wear resistance. Tensile strengths of Cu-30W and Cu-10W composites measured at 300°C were 95 MPa and 135 MPa, and their impact toughness values were 11.25 and 15.25 J/cm2, respectively. For the arc ablation performance, the copper phase of CuW composite was identified as the key influencing phase, whereas the W skeleton effectively hindered the spread of arc spots, inhibited quick melting of copper phases, and played effective support and protection functions.

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN DOMESTIC CAT

Bronchopneumonia is a part of pneumonia that is often observed in veterinary medicine which is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and foreign bodies. This case describes cases of bronchopneumonia caused by bacteria, and describes the causes of the disease based on physical examination and supporting examinations in order to determine clinical symptoms and treatment management that can be given to cats. A local cat named Momo, female, aged 2 years, was brought in with complaints of sneezing and coughing for 3 weeks and sometimes had a mucopurulent discharge in the morning and started to get worse 1 week before the examination. Physical examination showed that the cat's nose secreted a mucopurulent discharge accompanied by a serous discharge in the eye area, the cat looked short of breath and heard a sound when auscultated crackles. Investigation with X-ray showed a picture radiopaque in the pulmonary area and the spread of spots in the bronchial area, routine hematological examination showed that the case cat had normochromic normocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia and when carrying out a cytological test bacteria with round chracteristics like grape stands was found. Causative therapy in the form of antibioticsAmoxicillin trihydrate with a dose of 5 mg/kg BW per oral (PO) of 1 mL twice a day for one week and supportive therapy was given multivitamins with administration of 1 mL once a day for 1 week and after being evaluated the treatment was continued with the administration of clavulanic acid. Evaluation on the 7th and 14th day after treatment showed a change in clinical symptoms indicating a change in nasal discharge which was previously mucopurulent to mucus and there was no discharge in the eyes and there was no sneezing and coughing and there were still small white spots on the lungs.

Clinical observations of acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy in a real-world setting.

To describe the clinical features of acute myopic onset of optic neuropathy and observe the effects of retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in a real-world setting. A retrospective observational case series included 18 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy in a real-world setting. While the patients were using retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy, various imaging examination data were analysed, and the clinical features of myopic optic neuropathy were summarized for 6mo to 2y. The included group of patients with acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy consisted mostly of females (n=11). The visual field (VF) showed abnormalities in bilateral eyes, including the spread of physiological blind spots, central and paracentral dark spots, and centripetal peripheral VF reduction; but central vision with no subjective changes. The visual evoked potential (VEP) was abnormal in all eyes with vision loss. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was improved from 1.04±0.63 to 0.47±0.57 (logMAR) after glucocorticoid treatment (P<0.05). In patients with a short course (within 1wk), recovery was fast and achieved the same BCVA as recorded before the onset within 6d. However, in patients with the long course (1 to 2wk), recovery was slow and did not achieve the BCVA recorded before the onset within 10d. The changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) were not obvious before and after treatment (18.68±5.30 vs 19.55±5.34 mm Hg, P>0.05). There was no recurrence during long-term follow-up observation. The acute onset of myopic optic neuropathy is characterized by BCVA and VF abnormalities in bilateral eyes. Retrobulbar and systemic glucocorticoid therapy is effective.

EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLE PROTECTION SYSTEM AGAINST PHILLOSTICTOSIS

There has been an increase in the harmfulness and the spread of various spots that affect the leaves and cause a significant deterioration of apple plants in the orchards of the Central Blackearth Region in recent years. It was determined during the mycological analysis of apple leaves that the pathogens are fungi Phyllosticta Pirina Sacc., Phyllosticta mali Pr.et Del. The permanent use of chemical protection products against diseases leads to the appearance of resistance and the violation of the ecological balance in the agrocenosis of the apple orchard. One of the promising methods to prevent the emergence of disease resistance to the products used is the alternation of preparations with a different mode of action. The use of highly resistant and immune to diseases varieties reduces the number of fungicide treatments in the protection system of apple orchards. The study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the apple tree’s protection system against phyllosticta. The research was done in the experimental orchard of the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in 2018–2019. The objects of research were apple varieties immune to scab Akademik Kazakov, Vympel, Bylina, Rozhdestvenskoe, Fregat and scab resistant variety Kovalenkovskoye on grafted 54–118 rootstock. Our research studied the effectiveness of environmentally safe protection products with low consumption rates to reduce the harmfulness of phylostictosis on apple trees (Delan, 0,6 kg/ha; Zato 0,14 kg/ha; Medeya, 1,0 l/ha). The development of the disease in the сontrol option without any treatments varied from 0,5 % (‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ variety) to 3,3% (Vympel variety). In the experimental treatment the development of phylostictosis ranged from 0,05% (Rozhdestvenskoye variety) to 0,31% (Vympel variety). The biological effectiveness of the studied products in the researched varieties varied from 82,5 % (‘Kovalenkovskoye’ variety) to 88,4 % (‘Bylina’ variety). The high biological efficiency was observed in the ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ variety (90,2 %) and in the ‘Vympel’ variety (90,6 %). The disease progression in treatment with the farm plant protection scheme was 1,3–2,5 times more than in the experimental option. The biological efficiency was lower on 7,9–17,2 %. The lowest yield was on ‘Kovalenkovskoye’ variety in the control option. The largest yield was in the experimental treatment and varied from 5 kg/tr. to 6,8 kg/tr. (2018) and from 6,8 kg/tr. to 9,0 kg/tr. (2019). The production of apple fruits using immune and resistant varieties and low-hazard products with low cost rates helps to reduce the fungicidal load and obtain high biological efficiency against diseases.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Capture-removal model sampling estimation based on big data

Capture-removal methods were often used to estimate the unknown population size and variance, which are applied in Biology, Ecology and Sociology. In this study, the improved capture removal model was adapted to explore the propagation scale as well as the involved population size of network information dissemination, and then, empirical analysis was carried out using the dissemination of public opinion on ‘8\(\cdot \)12’ Tianjin port explosion as an example. Our results indicate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the range of the spread of the hot spots in social networks. This conclusion might be that social network has gradually become an important path and mode of communication in public discourse, and provide evidence for sampling estimation in big data analysis.

Journey to Crime Using Dijkstra’s Algorithm

This paper describes some benefits of crime mapping in a Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) environment. The underlining principle of Journey to Crime was discussed. Crime Spots and Police Stations in the study area were mapped, Shortest-Path, Closest Facility, Service Area and OD (Origin – Destination) Cost Matrix were determined based on Dijkstra's Algorithm. Results show that the distribution of police stations does not correspond with the spread of crime spots.

Journey to Crime Using Dijkstra's Algorithm

This paper describes some benefits of crime mapping in a Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) environment. The underlining principle of Journey to Crime was discussed. Crime Spots and Police Stations in the study area were mapped, Shortest-Path, Closest Facility, Service Area and OD (Origin – Destination) Cost Matrix were determined based on Dijkstra's Algorithm. Results show that the distribution of police stations does not correspond with the spread of crime spots.

Determination of the Tissue Distribution of PPO on Caramote Prawn (Melicertus kerathurus, Forskal, 1755) and Jinga Shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis, H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Caught from Izmir

Tissue distribution of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was studied in caramote prawn (Melicertus kerathurus) and jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) postmortem. Activity was analyzed in different tissues: the head (cephalothorax + carapace), carapace, exoskeleton of the abdomen, pereopods, and maxillipeds, individually. Based on the results, PPO activity of jinga shrimp was determined to be higher than caramote prawn during the research period. Partial tissue distribution showed that the highest activity was determined in carapace by using 70% ammonium sulfate fractions. Partial tissue distribution was also used to determine the spread of black spots. In addition, comparison between the PPO levels of caramote prawn and jinga shrimp was performed. The importance of these species is their economic value. However, there is no available data in the literature about caramote prawn and jinga shrimp. The determined data showed us that using antioxidant chemicals would be suitable for jinga shrimp.

Rural housing market hot spots and footloose in-migrants

This study applies a housing market perspective to hot spots in rural Northern Sweden. Here, the concept of a “hot spot” is defined as a place with rising house prices and in-migration of households with higher than average education and income. Perceptions and performances in these particular housing markets are studied using interviews. Three locations are explored through interviews with “footloose” households. The aim is to explore factors that shape rural housing market hot spots, using narratives from footloose in-migrants. There is a need for greater understanding of the spread and maintenance of hot spots and rural housing markets in regional planning. Also, housing markets in the countryside are more scantily investigated than in urban areas. In an unbalanced housing market, with higher prices and limited supply in the urban areas, hot spots in rural areas are anomalies that do not follow traditional housing market theories. Results show that hot spots are locations with natural beauty to which households moved upon finding employment. Footloose in-migrants are thus discovered to indicate a hot spot development. The hot spot areas have the “extra” natural beauty, cheap housing in combination with a high status, as well as it is a location suitable for commuting. Hot spots have a rare combination of factors sought after by footloose in-migrants.

First Notice of Phytophthora Aerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in Poland

First Notice ofPhytophthoraAerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in PolandPhytophthora cactorumwas detected on &amp;9/10; of pansies showing yellowing of leaves and crown rot symptoms and constituted about 90% of isolates obtained.Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. solaniandPythium ultimumwere also isolated from diseased tissues. Using rhododendron leaves as the bait,P. cactorumwas detected in pansy substratum as well as from soil under the mata. Isolates obtained from diseased plants, substratum and soil under mata colonized leaves, stem parts and roots of pansy. Necroses spread faster on organs inoculated with cultures from plants and substratum. Among 25 cultivars inoculated withP. cactorum, disease symptoms did not occur on 3 of them, whereas the fastest spread of necrotic spots (3.8 mm/24 hrs) was noticed on 3 cultivars. Isolates ofP. cactorumfromBegonia semperflorensandMalus domesticacolonized leaf petioles of pansy with significantly faster spread when isolates from begonia and pansy were used for inoculation.

First Report of Anthracnose Disease of Ornamental Feather Reed Grass (Calamagrostis × acutifolia 'Karl Foerster') Caused by Colletotrichum cereale.

Calamagrostis × acutifolia 'Karl Foerster' (feather reed grass) is a cool-season grass grown extensively as an ornamental plant throughout the United States. In July 2005, severe foliar damage was observed in feather reed grasses in a residential garden in Barrington, NJ. Symptoms were observed as small, yellowish brown, oval to irregularly shaped spots on the blades, with spread and coalescence of spots leading to eventual necrosis and plant death. Numerous acervuli with black setae diagnostic of fungi in the genus Colletotrichum were present on necrotic lesions. Two distinct fungi were isolated from diseased tissue by plating small sections of infested leaf tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 40 μg/liter each of penicillin, ampicillin, gentomycin, and streptomycin. The first fungus was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on morphological, cultural (2), and molecular characteristics. Variable colonies of gray-white mycelia with masses of pink-to-salmon hued conidia formed at 25°C on PDA under constant light. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, straight, and cylindrical with rounded apices (11.0 to 18.5 × 2.5 to 5.0 μm). Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region showed the fungus to be most similar to C. gloeosporioides (GenBank Accession No. EU979125). The second fungus was identified as C. cereale based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics (1). Variable colonies of gray-tan-white mycelia formed at 25°C on PDA under constant light and salmon-colored conidial masses surrounded numerous setae. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, falcate, fusiform, and guttulate (15.0 to 21.5 × 2.5 to 4.5 μm). Hyphal appressoria were ovoid, sometimes lobate or multilobate (10.5 to 13.5 × 7.5 to 10.0 μm). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ126193) and fungal mating type idiomorph Mat1-2 HMG box (GenBank Accession No. DQ131962) identified the fungus as C. cereale (1). Pathogenicity was determined by inoculating healthy feather reed grasses (11.4-liter pots) established 61 cm off-center in a mulched bed. Three replicate plants per treatment were sprayed with a 20-ml conidial solution (5 × 104 conidia/ml in 0.1 potato dextrose broth) of either C. cereale or C. gloeosporioides and an uninoculated control. Temperatures ranged from 19 to 36°C and humidity varied between 31 and 79%. No symptoms were observed in uninoculated controls or plants inoculated with C. gloeosporioides. Plants inoculated with C. cereale developed disease symptoms within 21 days; the fungus was subsequently reisolated from symptomatic leaves and confirmed as C. cereale. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose of feather reed grass caused by C. cereale (formerly known as C. graminicola). Although C. cereale is known to inhabit numerous cool-season grass hosts, this is the first description of this fungus as a pathogen of an ornamental grass. Given the recent emergence of anthracnose epidemics caused by C. cereale on golf course turfgrass, the identification of this fungus as a pathogen of Calamagrostis × acutifolia highlights the need for nurseries and regulatory personnel to screen ornamental grasses such as feather reed grass for the presence of C. cereale so that the disease does not become problematic.

Correlation of retention data of pesticides in normal- and reversed-phase systems and utilization of the data for separation of a mixture of ten urea herbicides by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on cyanopropyl-bonded polar stationary phase and on a two-adsorbent-layer Multi-K SC5 plates

The selectivities of TLC systems have been compared by use of correlations between R F(II) and R F(I) values (by analogy with two-dimensional TLC). The greatest spread of spots, indicative of individual selectivity, was obtained for combination of non-aqueous mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent (heptane) and a polar modifier (tetrahydrofuran) on silica, and for aqueous mobile phases comprising a polar solvent (methanol) in water on water-wettable octadecyl silica (RP-18W). A good spread of spots was also obtained for pairs of normal-phase systems with hepatane-ethyl acetate mobile phases and reversed-phase systems with water-dioxane mobile phases, both on polar cyanopropyl-bonded layers. The correlation of R F values in normal- and reversed-phase systems were used for practical separation of a mixture of ten urea herbicides by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on cyanopropyl-bonded polar adsorbents and by use of a layer comprising two zones — a narrow zone of silica adjacent to a wide ...

Hydrological structure of waters of the persian gulf according to the data of observations in 1992

We describe the hydrological structure of waters of the Persian Gulf and its seasonal variability according to the data of CTD surveys carried out in February–June 1992 in the course of the cruises of the NOAA R/VMt. Mitchell aimed at the analysis of the consequences of the ecological catastrophe caused by the spread of oil spots formed as a result of war operations in the Persian Gulf in 1991.

A comparison of the micromagnetic and microstructural properties of four NdFeB-type materials processed by the HDDR route

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the physical and magnetic microstructures of thinned sections of four different NdFeB-type alloys. Three of the materials were prepared by the solid-HDDR process and differed in that one was a simple ternary alloy, another contained Co & Ga additions and a third was appreciably richer in Nd than stoichiometric Nd 2Fe 14B 1. For the fourth material HDDR powder had been hot-pressed into a fully dense compact prior to die-upsetting. Isotropic grains with a mean size ≈300 nm were found for the first three materials whilst the die-upset material had an average grain size of ≈300×700 nm 2. All materials other than the simple ternary alloy showed strong alignment of the c-axis, the clustering of grains with similar alignment being most pronounced in the sample with Co & Ga additions. The sample with the largest region of alignment was the die-upset material, the c-axis orientation being approximately parallel to the pressing direction throughout. It was in this sample that magnetic alignment was found to be most extensive, the domains lying parallel to the mean c-axis across the whole of the visible area. Significant magnetic alignment was also found in the sample with Co & Ga whilst the Nd-rich material had relatively small areas of magnetic alignment. In the three samples with good crystallographic alignment local variations in domain wall orientation between neighbouring grains within an aligned region showed maximum variations that corresponded with the angular spread of spots in the selected area diffraction patterns.

Merit function for the design of grating instruments

A merit function that is closely correlated with the rms spread of an infinite number of ray-traced spots by means of analytic spot-diagram formulas is critically evaluated in comparison with exact ray tracing. The analytic spot-diagram formulas are found to generate spot diagrams that are almost indistinguishable from ray-traced ones. The rms spread of ray-traced spots about the mean shows varying degrees of statistical dispersion depending on the number of rays traced, and it approaches the value given by the merit function as the number of rays is increased. All the results clearly show that the merit function behaves as defined and provides enough accuracy and a sufficiently short computing time for the design of highly sophisticated grating instruments.

Computer-aided optimization of stepwise gradient profiles in thin-layer chromatography

Two mixtures, one containing model coloured solutes and the other glycosides from the Digitalis species were separated by stepwise gradient thin-layer chromatography, the first in the system silica-toluene + ethyl acetate, the second in the system silica-ethyl acetate + methanol. The optimal gradient programs (i.e., for which maximal spread of spots along the plate is observed) were determined using a computer program reported in an earlier paper. Good separation and satisfactory agreement of predicted and experimental RF values were obtained; the non-aqueous system for the separation of lanatosides permits considerable shortening of elution time owing to the lower viscosity of ethyl acetate-methanol mixtures.

Microdiffraction studies of Al-Mg2Si

The microdiffraction mode of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S.T.E.M.) has found several applications in metallurgical problems requiring diffraction information of high spatial resolution (1,2). The purpose of the work described here was to apply the microdiffraction facility on a S.T.E.M. equipped with a field emission gun (3) to the investigation of precipitate structure.To obtain a microdiffraction pattern, the electron beam is stopped on the specimen. This results in the formation of a diffraction pattern from an area of the specimen defined by the probe cross-sectional area. To record the pattern a set of scan coils deflect the pattern past a collector aperture.The effective probe diameter was determined at the edge of a precipitate to be less than 2 nm. The spread of the diffraction spots, due to the angular spread of the beam, is defined by the angle 2αo subtended by the objective aperture, while the angular resolution is determined by the angular size of the collector aperture, 2αc.

Fluidity of the surface of cultured muscle fibers. Rapid lateral diffusion of marked surface antigens.

Fluorescent antibody fragments of anti-muscle plasma membrane antibody bound as small fluorescent spots when applied by micropipetting to cultured myotubes. The spots were observed to enlarge with time. The rate of enlargement of fluorescent spots was greater when fragments were applied than when divalent antibody was used. It was also greater at 23 degrees -25 degrees C than at 0 degrees -4 degrees C. With glutaraldehyde-fixed cells no increase in the size of the spots was seen. The observations are consistent with the spread of fluorescent spots due to diffusion of surface protein antigens within the plane of a fluid membrane. From measurements of spot size against time, a diffusion constant of 1-3 x 10(-9) cm(2) s(-1) can be calculated for muscle plasma membrane proteins of mol wt approximately 200,000. This value is consistent with other observations on the diffusion of surface antigens and of labeled lipid molecules in synthetic and natural membranes.