Sports Facilities Research Articles

Differences in Emotional Preferences toward Urban Green Spaces among Various Cultural Groups in Macau and Their Influencing Factors

This study explores the diversity in emotional tendencies and needs toward urban green spaces (UGSs) among people from different cultural backgrounds in the wave of cultural integration. We utilized social media data as research tools, gathering a wide range of perspectives and voices. Utilizing geolocation data from 176 UGSs in Macau, we collected 139,162 social media comments to analyze the emotional perceptions of different cultural groups. Furthermore, we conducted regression analysis on the number of posts and emotional intensity values from four linguistic groups—Chinese, English, Southeast Asian languages, and Portuguese—in UGSs, correlating them with ten locally relevant landscape features. Our findings reveal diverse attitudes, emotional inclinations, and functional and design needs of different linguistic groups toward UGSs, as follows: (1) there were significant differences in emotional intensity and tweet counts across 176 UGSs; (2) Chinese and Portuguese speakers showed a more positive attitude toward plazas and natural ecological areas, whereas English- and Southeast-Asian-language speakers tended to favor recreational areas and suburban parks; (3) Chinese speakers exhibited a more positive emotional intensity toward sports facilities, while English speakers placed more emphasis on green space areas, architecture, sports infrastructure, and plant landscapes; (4) there was no specific landscape feature preference for Portuguese- and Southeast-Asian-language speakers. This research not only deepens our understanding of the emotional perceptions and preferences of UGSs among different cultural groups but also explores the association between these groups and various urban landscape features. This provides important theoretical and practical insights for future UGS planning, construction, and promoting multicultural coexistence for sustainable urban development.

The Effect Of Organızatıonal Culture Levels Perceıved By Sports Facılıty Employees In Local And Prıvate Sectors On Job Satısfactıon

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational culture perceptions and job satisfaction levels of sports facility employees in different sectors, to compare them in terms of demographic variables and to determine the relationship between them. 303 people working in private sports enterprises and sports facilities belonging to local governments on the Anatolian side of Istanbul participated in the study, which was a relational screening model. As data collection tools, the Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Spector (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Meydan and Basım (2010) and the Organizational Culture Scale developed by Ogbonna & Haris (2000) and adapted into Turkish by Karadeniz (2010) were used. Frequency and percentage distributions, t-test for paired groups, OneWay-ANOVA analyzes for multiple groups and Pearson Correlation analysis were used as statistical methods in evaluating the research data. In cases where the variances were not homogeneous, the Kruskal Wallis test was calculated. As a result, it was determined that the competitive and innovative culture sub-dimensions, in which the participants had a high level of organizational culture perception, were more evident. It was determined that job satisfaction levels were at medium level. As a result of the correlation analysis, a moderate positive relationship was found between organizational culture and job satisfaction. The highest relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture sub-dimensions is in the competitive culture sub-dimension. When the findings obtained from the research were examined in terms of demographic variables, the organizational culture of the participants who were married, were in a managerial position, had low years of service, worked in the local sector, and had 3 workplaces was found to be high. According to the scores obtained on the job satisfaction scale, it is seen that the participants who are married, in a managerial position and in their local sector are higher.

Physical Demands of Walking Football in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases.

To compare the exercise intensity of walking football (WF) with walking (WA) and to describe specific movement characteristics of WF. Cross-sectional study. Sports facilities Saarland University, Germany. Eighteen patients with cardiovascular risk factors CVRFs and diseases (13 men and 5 women, age: 69 ± 10 years). Patients completed a WF match and WA session of 2 x 10 min each. Video analysis was used to characterize movements during WF. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg Scale 6-20), % maximum heart rate (HR max ), musculoskeletal pain on a visual analog scale (VAS, 1-100 mm) before and up to 72 hours after exercise, and movement patterns during WF. The mean RPE during WF (12.1 ± 2.7) and WA (11.9 ± 3.0) did not differ ( P = 0.63). The mean HR during WF (79 ± 12% of HR max ) was higher than during WA (71% ± 11%; P < 0.01). The HR variability coefficient of variation during WF (10.3% ± 5.8%) and WA (7.1 ± 5.5%) did not differ ( P = 0.13). There was no influence of exercise mode (WF vs WA) on musculoskeletal pain perception ( P = 0.96 for interaction). Injury-inciting activities such as lunges (median: 0.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 0-1.3]) and goal kicks (median: 4 [IQR: 1.8-5.3]) occurred rarely during WF. Walking football might represent an alternative to WA for health prevention programs in patients with CVRF and diseases as it is characterized by a manageable cardiocirculatory strain, moderate RPE, low pain induction, and a low number of injury-inciting activities.

FACTORS CAUSING TIME DELAYS COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS(Case Study on Facilities Building Construction ProjectSports Stage 5 Construction of the East Stand)

Inaccuracy in planning project activities during project implementation greatly affects implementation delays in the field. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze: (1) the causal factors that contribute to project completion delays, (2) the causal factors that contribute to the dominant delay in project completion, and (3) delay risk management. In the Sports facilities (Eastern Tribune Development) project. Cirebon Regency. This study is a type of quantitative descriptive study. Data collection was done through FGD, interviews and questionnaires distributed to 10 qualified respondents in the construction sector. The resources of this study are the cause of the delay in the completion of the projects. A House of Risk (HOR) approach was used to analyze the data. Research results show that (1) Cirebon Regency Sports Facilities Building (Eastern Tribune Development) project has 14 risk events and 17 identified risk causes that cause delays. (2) Control factors that cause delays in project completion include: material factors, contract document factors, project owner factors, and contractor and design consultant factors, and (3) delay risk management options, including: (a) good communication and coordination. with the owner; (b) apply a comprehensive planning approach to procurement of materials, (c) coordinate current project drawings between consultants and field workers, (d) contact consultants and supervisors.

Public Financing of Professional Sports Facilities and Drug Asset Forfeiture

Local governments provide many crucial services from limited budgets, yet often subsidize the profitable, private businesses in professional sports leagues in the United States. Policing represents one important public service. Policing typically constitutes large portions of government budgets and also generates revenue through fines and forfeitures. Existing evidence suggests that large municipal expenditures in other areas can have an ambiguous effect on policing outcomes. This paper addresses the question of whether large public expenditures on sports facilities affect drug asset forfeiture using two-way fixed effects (TWFE) and generalized dynamic model specifications (GDMS). The results are similar across estimation methods, with static TWFE results suggesting a treatment effect of $1,274–5,589 in additional forfeiture per million in subsidies and results from the newer GDMS estimators suggesting $7,703 per million in subsidies. The results imply that, beyond generating no tangible local economic benefits, public subsidization of sports facilities also leads police to make up budget shortfalls by more aggressive policing, which has important implications for racial equity.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Numerical investigation of environmental factors affecting security in sports facilities

Sports are one of the most essential categories of developed and developing societies, among which football, as the most popular sport in the world, receives special attention from governments. Therefore, to increase the attendance of people in stadiums, it is necessary for the managers to identify the factors influencing the attendance of spectators, both psychological and internal factors, as well as external and environmental factors, and to design and implement a written and specific strategy and plan. Having a sense of security is one of the influential factors in creating satisfaction in the audience. Due to the high cost of building sports facilities and spaces, care should be taken about many factors and variables, especially the correct location of such spaces, to enable easier access, fairer distribution, and greater security. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the environmental factors that affect security in sports facilities with the approach of crime prevention through environmental design in stadiums. The instrument in this research is a questionnaire on security in sports facilities with the effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design. Finally, the artificial neural network system method was used in MATLAB (A 2018) and SPSS (V24) software to analyze the data and answer the research questions. Environmental factors of access, light and illumination, readability, visibility and natural surveillance, repair and maintenance, dynamics, functional disorders, and guide signs respectively had a positive effect on security and crime prevention through environmental design in sports facilities. Therefore, sports directors and architects must pay attention to these indicators in the design of sports stadiums. Keywords: Stadiums, Sport Management, Sports Events, CPTED Approach, Neural Networks.

Walkability and socio-economic status in relation to walking, playing and sports practice in a representative Spanish sample of youth: The PASOS study.

Physical activity (PA) provides multiple health-related benefits in children and adolescents, however, at present, the majority of young people are insufficiently physically active. The aim of this study was to evaluate if neighborhood walkability and/or socio-economic status (SES) could affect the practice of walking, play outdoors and sports practice in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A sample of 4092 youth (aged 8-16 years old) from 245 primary and secondary schools in 121 localities from each of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities participated in the study. Walk Score was used to evaluate walkability of the neighborhood and household income was used as an indicator of SES. A 7-item self-reported validated questionnaire, was used to assess PA levels, and in a subsample of 10% of the participants, randomly selected from the entire sample, PA was objectively measured by accelerometers. Youth from more walkable areas reported more minutes walking per day compared with those from less walkable neighborhoods (51.4 vs 48.8 minutes, respectively). The lowest average minutes spent in playing outdoors was found among participants from low-SES and low-walkable neighborhoods. Neighborhood SES influenced on the participation in team sports during the weekend, being this participation higher in high SES neighborhoods. Providing high walkable environments seems a good strategy to promote PA regardless SES levels. It seems that improving the walkability is a key component to partially overcome the SES inequalities, especially in urban areas with low SES. High-SES environments can offer better sports facilities and more organized physical activities than low-SES ones.

Quality evaluation of physical education in colleges and universities based on fuzzy logic

This study aims to evaluate the quality of physical education in colleges and universities by using the evaluation method based on fuzzy logic. First, summarize the basic concept of fuzzy logic and its application in the evaluation process. Then, a physical education quality evaluation index system covering teaching quality and students’ physical quality, teachers’ team construction, sports facilities and management is constructed. Then, the evaluation object and evaluation level are determined, and the specific evaluation results and ranking are calculated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. In the empirical analysis, use the simulation data for model application and result analysis, and further find the problems existing in college physical education. Finally, in view of these problems, a series of improvement and optimization suggestions are put forward. This study shows that the evaluation method of physical education quality based on fuzzy logic can effectively reflect the diversity and complexity of education quality, and provide a practical evaluation tool for colleges and universities. At the same time, this study also provides a reference for other universities to help them better understand their own problems, so that they can take effective measures to improve. In addition, this method can be applied to other fields of education quality evaluation in the future, so as to provide more useful information for education reform and development.

INVESTIGATING INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN TRAINING ROOM ENVIRONMENTS OF A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SPORTS FACILITIES

Air quality analyses were conducted in sports facilities at the Silesian University of Technologyin Poland, with specific focus on training rooms occupied by students. The study aimed to assessthe impact of indoor air quality (IAQ) on human health, taking into consideration variousventilation methods and the number of individuals exercising indoors. Air samples were collectedfrom five training rooms in three sports facilities. The results indicate that outdoor air primarilyinfluences air quality in sports facilities. Internal factors, such as the number of students, floorsurfaces and mattresses, influenced pollutant concentrations (CO2 and PM2.5). Overall, CO2 levelsremained within safe limits, but fluctuations occurred due to physical activity, reaching as high as1859.7 ppm. The average median concentration of indoor PM2.5 was 16.7 μg/m, while outdoorlevels averaged 12.2 μg/m. A correlation between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 pollution underscoresthe importance of using air purifiers to enhance air quality in sports halls.

Revealing the Impact of Investment Benefits on Marketing Decision in Public Infrastructures Based on Game Theory: Case Study of Large-Scale Exhibition Infrastructures in China

Investing in large-scale public infrastructures is vital for urban renewal and development, often relying on specific types of buildings to drive investment in municipal infrastructure and supporting service buildings. However, the complex interplay of interests among investors introduces unpredictability, hindering the effectiveness of such investments. This study employs evolutionary game theory to explore how investment benefits influence investor behavior. Using China’s large-scale exhibition infrastructures as a case study, a tripartite evolutionary game model is developed, involving the government, investors in exhibition buildings, and investors in supporting services. The strategies of the three parties are analyzed, and simulations explore the effects of different initial strategy values, costs, subsidies, and profits. Five research outcomes are identified, indicating that favorable initial investments and optimal subsidies encourage proactive investment, while high initial costs deter it. Consequently, five recommendations for promoting coordinated investment in exhibition facilities are proposed, including the establishment of communication platforms to enhance stakeholder cooperation. These findings offer insights for decision making in other large-scale infrastructure investments, such as sports facilities and transportation hubs.

A wise investment by urban governments: Evidence from intelligent sports facilities

As the pursuit of sustainable development goals has become an increasingly prominent component of urban governance in recent years, compliance with sustainability agendas is now an essential consideration in public investment decisions. Although government spending on the construction of intelligent buildings can help the government achieve its sustainability objectives, steady funding for these projects may not be possible during budget cuts. Demonstrating the added benefits of sustainability-focused, government-funded construction projects can help to justify budgeting for intelligent buildings. This paper explores the externalities of a community sports center constructed to intelligent building specifications in New Taipei City, Taiwan, measured by the willingness to pay for proximal residence and accessibility to the community sports center. By comparing this smart community sports center with one designed and constructed along traditional lines, the paper finds that the effect of positive externalities is more significant in the community sports center housed in intelligent buildings. The paper highlights the importance of community sports centers by showing the price premiums for houses near them. It indicates that directing public investment toward sustainable public infrastructure will likely provide added benefits. The evidence provides support for emerging markets to propose policies that are consistent with sustainability goals.

Creating a Rehabilitation Sports Public Service Information Systems Using Service Design Thinking: Physical Activity Management of the Disabled after Discharge in the Republic of Korea.

The Republic of Korea has established an institutional framework to expedite the provision of rehabilitation sports public services to individuals with disabilities post-hospital discharge (Act on Guarantee of Right to Health and Access to Health Services for People with Disabilities in December 2017). Regrettably, this service remains non-operational to date. This study employs a service design approach to identify and develop essential elements for the effective implementation of public rehabilitation sports services in Korea. Adopting the service design method, including the empathize-define-ideate-prototype phases, co-creation activities were conducted with three teams comprising people with disabilities, caregivers, rehabilitation physicians, specialized sports instructors, facility managers, and government officials, emphasizing equitable distribution. By leveraging the experiences of people with disabilities, these teams collaboratively engaged in creative activities to formulate strategies for delivering prompt and user-friendly rehabilitation sports public services post-hospital discharge. Contributions from each team were meticulously collected and organized, incorporating diverse perspectives into the development of the Korean Rehabilitation Sports Public Service Information System (KRSPSIS). Additionally, we presented a scenario illustrating the practical application of the KRSPSIS. Through this system, we anticipate providing more efficient and convenient rehabilitation sports public services to individuals with disabilities during the critical early stages following hospital discharge.

Game changers or money pits? Asymmetric impact of sports facilities investment on football revenue

AbstractOur investigation explores the asymmetric association between sports facilities investment and football revenue in the top 10 nations with the highest sports facilities investment. This study employs a distinctive methodology, “Quantile‐on‐Quantile,” to probe the interconnectedness of time series within each country. The findings reveal that investments in sports facilities have a predominantly positive impact on football revenue in the selected economies, particularly in various segments of the data distribution. It underscores the importance of implementing policies that maximize the effect of sports facilities investment on football revenue and inform public policy decisions.

Suggestions for Optimising the Spatial Layout of Community Sports Facilities Based on a Complete Community Perspective

Community sports facilities are the main places for residents to carry out physical exercise in urban communities in China, and the situation of community residents' participation in fitness activities and the degree of utilization of fitness equipment are closely related to their location. Based on the GIS technology to analyze the current situation of the layout of community sports facilities in the study area, based on the policy vision of complete community construction, the problems existing in the layout of community sports facilities in the study area are dissected, and the corresponding optimization countermeasures are proposed, so as to improve the management of the community sports facilities in the study area, the rational layout, and to enhance the utilization rate of the facilities, and to provide a basis for the scientific development of community sports facilities.

The Influence of Sports on College Students’ Learning Adaptability

In today's society, many college students are affected by exam-oriented education, physical quality deviation, loss of learning interest and motivation after the college entrance examination. At present, the overall sports situation and learning adaptability of college students are in bad shape. Under the influence of the educational environment, the vast majority of students will feel confused and uncomfortable after entering college, lack of learning motivation, sports hobbies and interests, and cannot adapt to the new environment and new learning methods. But through sports can increase students' learning adaptability, improve learning enthusiasm. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of schools, teachers and students on the importance of physical education and sports. Most universities have deficiencies in teacher resources, sports curriculum arrangements and sports facilities, resulting in students lack of sports awareness and unclear understanding of the meaning of sports. In this study, universities and students respectively put forward relevant suggestions. Schools should improve the teaching ability of PE teachers through training, cooperate with external sports clubs to meet the sports needs of different students, and help students find their own sports interests. At the same time, it is necessary to improve college students' cognition of the significance of sports, establish school sports associations, and exercise the quality of college students' adherence to sports under the role of mutual help of peers, and finally improve their learning adaptability through sports.

Public access defibrillation programs: Progetto Vita, current legal aspects and challenges for the future

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) represents a significant healthcare issue that is often underestimated. OHCA predominantly affects the general population, with staggering numbers: 400 000 cases annually in Europe and 350 000 in the United States, contributing to 50% of cardiovascular-related deaths. The vast majority of OHCA cases begin with a shockable rhythm, making effective treatment possible through early defibrillation, even by non-medical personnel using automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Despite the availability of such devices, survival from OHCA remains below 10%, with no substantial improvements over the last 25 years. Public access defibrillation programs, which reduce response times with AEDs, have demonstrated a significant increase in survival chances for OHCA victims. Particularly, the "Progetto Vita" in Piacenza is an emblematic example of early defibrillation in Europe, tripling survival rates in OHCA patients treated by laypersons compared to patients treated with the traditional system. This experience contributed to the approval of Law 116, dated August 4, 2021, in Italy, aimed at promoting the distribution and use of AEDs in sports facilities, public venues, transportation, and public services. The law also emphasizes that AEDs can be used without the need for specific training, thus promoting wider usage. In this article, we will briefly examine the epidemiology of OHCA and delve into the organizational model of the "Progetto Vita", which aligns with the principles of Law 116/2021. The goal is to provide some insights into organizational aspects that could facilitate the nationwide expansion of early defibrillation programs in the near future.

Managing East Java's Sports Facilities and Infrastructure for Achievement

Managing East Java's Sports Facilities and Infrastructure for Achievement

Investigating the effectiveness of a new indoor ventilation model in reducing the spread of disease: A case of sports centres amid the COVID-19 pandemic

The ventilation of buildings is crucial to ensure indoor health, especially when demanding physical activities are carried out indoors, and the pandemic has highlighted the need to develop new management methods to ensure adequate ventilation. In Spain, there are no specific ventilation regulations to prevent the spread of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to have a theoretical tool for calculating occupancy to maintain sports facilities in optimal safety conditions. The proposed theoretical method is based on the analysis of mathematical expressions from European standardisation documents and uses the concentration of CO2 as a bioeffluent. It is also based on the concept of background and critical concentration, which allows its application to be extrapolated to future crises caused by pathogens. This study presents a unique and novel dataset for sports centres. For this purpose, the calculation methods were applied to the data set provided by Mostoles City Council, Spain, during the pandemic years with the highest incidence of COVID-19, when the government introduced the assimilation of COVID-19 sick leave to occupational accidents. The data on this type of sick leave provided by the City Council correspond to the period between March 2020 and February 2022. Similarly, the data on the average use of sports facilities by activity, provided by the Sports Department, correspond to the years 2020 and 2021. In this way, it was possible to verify the effectiveness in preventing the spread of any type of coronavirus. In conclusion, the implementation of a theoretical occupancy calculation method based on the concentration of carbon dioxide as a bioeffluent can be an effective tool for the management of future crises caused by pathogens or hazardous chemicals in the air, and demonstrated its effectiveness in sports centres such as gyms, sports fields, and indoor swimming pools during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Acoustic Comfort in Indoor Sporting Arena for E-Sports Venue: An Analysis of The Determining Criteria and A Conceptual Framework

It is vital that people concentrate and focus on the types of sports and amenities in the context of sports facilities to provide acoustic comfort for players and fans. Thus, influences the positive or negative psychological and emotional impact experience during the sports matches. Esports events are mostly organized in enclosed spaces facilities such as indoor arenas or stadiums, which are spaces where speech intelligibility and noise level determine, to a large extent, the listening comfort or even the safety of the occupants. More noise may distract players throughout the match and during the match, interfering with their performance and communication with coaches if there is no proper sound blocking or insulation. This research will look at critical literature studies of the defining elements and criteria for this occurrence to develop a conceptual framework for how players, coaches, and spectators experienced acoustic comfort in various types of Esports venue. The primary goal of this research is to clarify the differences in Esports venue design and the determining factors that influence human acoustic comfort. As a result, the goal of this study is to create a framework based on the elements that determine acoustic comfort classification in Esports venues. Designers and architects able to utilize this framework as a guide to assist them prepare estimates of acoustic conditions and corrective activities in Esports venue which tailored suited to players, as well as the effects on staffs and spectators, thus create a highly immersive experience.

Is Smaller Better? The Valuation of Social Impacts of Differently Sized Sporting Events. The Case of Gdańsk.

Abstract Introduction. There is a discourse in the international literature regarding the impact of large sporting events on the place where they are held. In the last few years, particular emphasis has been laid on intangible effects, including social impacts that may occur not only in the case of mega sporting events but also in smaller sporting events. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to estimate the monetary value of intangible social benefits of differently sized sporting events held in two sporting arenas in Gdańsk, Poland, using the contingent valuation method. Material and methods. The research concerns four sporting events of various sizes organised in Gdańsk in 2012-2023. In each case, a hypothetical event scenario was used to determine the willingness to pay among the surveyed inhabitants of Gdańsk. A tobit model was used to determine the statistical relationship between the proposed monetary offers and social impacts. Results. It was found that sporting events, regardless of their size, determine the occurrence of social impacts among host city residents. Even though aggregated values are lower in the case of smaller events, when added together, they constitute a higher percentage of actual public expenditure incurred on the construction of sports facilities. Conclusions. By valuing intangible effects, it is possible, at least partially, to justify the spending of public funds for the organisation of sporting events. At the same time, smaller sporting events have more significant potential for host city residents than mega sporting events.