Sports Associations Research Articles

The Roles of Perceived Safety Climate and Innovativeness in the Performance of Sport and Recreation Organizations

The recent COVID-19 pandemic created an unpredictable environment regarding the safety operations of sport and recreation organizations. This study was designed to examine how safety climate and organizational innovativeness could promote preferred organizational behavior outcomes in college campus sport and recreation centers. A total of 227 sport and recreation employees were recruited through the National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association. With the collected data, we employed structural equation modeling to assess the research hypotheses. The results indicated that safety climate and innovativeness positively influenced job engagement, therefore leading to enhanced safety compliance and employee innovativeness, which ultimately resulted in higher levels of organizational performance. Peer safety compliance was also found to be a moderator in the relationship between job engagement and safety compliance. In this study, the authors offer new insights into sport organizational performance by emphasizing safety and innovation.

Corporate social responsibility: the key to improving brand equity and reputation for local sports associations in Islamic countries

PurposeAttracting resources (financial and non-financial), supporters and the community’s attention to sports and physical activity has become essential for local sports associations (LSAs). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are innovative and less imitable tools for strengthening relationships with customers (Lim et al., 2018), and there needs to be relevant research on CSR and the variables discussed in this study at the level of small sports organizations. Moreover, past research has focused on professional sports organizations in developed and non-Islamic countries. So, the following research questions are: What is the influence of CSR initiatives on the organizational reputation, brand equity and customer satisfaction of LSAs operating in the context of recreational sports, particularly in Islamic developing countries, and how does this relationship evolve within the framework of small sports organizations?Design/methodology/approachParticipants (n = 290) consisted of all customers who used the services of LSAs in the Islamic Republic of Iran). This research seeks to measure the relationship between variables within a causal model based on structural equation modeling.FindingsThis study critically examines the connection between CSR, customer satisfaction, organizational reputation and brand equity in LSAs. This study presents a model that explores how CSR influences customer satisfaction, reputation and brand equity in LSAs in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsConsequently, customers are likely to feel more satisfied with LSAs that demonstrate a commitment to CSR, and this leads to evaluations of the organization’s reputation and brand equity, ultimately resulting in outcomes for them.Originality/valueThis research presents a comprehensive theoretical model that examines the relationship between CSR, customer satisfaction, reputation and brand equity of LSAs in developing Islamic countries. LSAs must understand and recognize customer interests in social issues and their response to various CSR programs.

Normative Pluralism and Sporting Integrity

ABSTRACT Official documents, such as the Word Anti-Doping Code (WADC), argue that sport can be deemed a homogenous and unitary concept. Even where different sports have varying characteristics, the homogenous view of a given sport (‘a sport’ or ‘the sport’) persists. The WADC, international and national sport associations aim to protect the spirit of (the) sport. In this picture, the intersection of sporting integrity and legal processes occupies a vital place. The article will posit that, from a legal perspective sport is heterogeneous due to its governance, regulation, adjudication, and enforcement structures. International and national associations, such as sport federations and leagues, have separate normative orders. These normative orders lead to differences in ensuring sporting integrity. A plural normative environment is inherent in sport; thus, we need to deal with it. The article will conclude that although harmonising norms and interpretations related to sporting integrity through national and global institutions may be acceptable, these must be achieved by promoting good governance and human rights.

The use of information and communication technologies in the activities of children’s public associations of physical culture and sports orientation

Children’s public associations are an important social institution in Ukrainian society. One of the directions of their activity is the implementation of physical culture and health work. Such associations promote a healthy way of life, become centers for the child to gain experience in healthy and useful leisure time.
 In the conditions of martial law, the activities of a large number of activities of children’s public associations moved to the online space, which led to the search for new forms and methods of working with children and school youth.
 The relevance of the use of information technologies in the activities of children’s public sports associations is due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies in the educational process and the need for quick adaptability to the content of educational activities.
 The advantages of introducing information and communication technologies into the practice of activities of children’s public associations of physical culture and sports orientation are the expansion of methodological tools; use of various forms and methods of work; engaging in the active participation of members of children’s public associations who are outside the country or do not have the opportunity to attend classes offline; conducting online trainings, contests, competitions, quizzes; development of research activity, analytical and search thinking skills, intellectual and creative abilities in children and schoolchildren.
 The combination of traditional forms of work with information and communication technologies creates new opportunities for involving children and school youth to participate in children’s public organizations and associations of physical culture and sports focus in the online mode.

The Influence of Sports on College Students’ Learning Adaptability

In today's society, many college students are affected by exam-oriented education, physical quality deviation, loss of learning interest and motivation after the college entrance examination. At present, the overall sports situation and learning adaptability of college students are in bad shape. Under the influence of the educational environment, the vast majority of students will feel confused and uncomfortable after entering college, lack of learning motivation, sports hobbies and interests, and cannot adapt to the new environment and new learning methods. But through sports can increase students' learning adaptability, improve learning enthusiasm. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of schools, teachers and students on the importance of physical education and sports. Most universities have deficiencies in teacher resources, sports curriculum arrangements and sports facilities, resulting in students lack of sports awareness and unclear understanding of the meaning of sports. In this study, universities and students respectively put forward relevant suggestions. Schools should improve the teaching ability of PE teachers through training, cooperate with external sports clubs to meet the sports needs of different students, and help students find their own sports interests. At the same time, it is necessary to improve college students' cognition of the significance of sports, establish school sports associations, and exercise the quality of college students' adherence to sports under the role of mutual help of peers, and finally improve their learning adaptability through sports.

Normal bone marrow signal characteristics in whole-body diffusion-weighted images of amateur marathon runners.

Marathon training can reverse bone marrow conversion; however, little is known about the normal bone marrow whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) signal characteristics of amateur marathon runners. If marathon training can cause diffuse hyperintensity of bone marrow on WB-DWI is essential for correctly interpreting the diffusion-weighted (DW) images. This study sought to evaluate the WB-DWI signal characteristics of normal bone marrow in amateur marathon runners. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 30 amateur marathon runners who had trained for over 3 years for regular or half-marathon races and had a running frequency of more than 20 days a month at a distance of more than 100 km per month from the Chengde Marathon Outdoor Sports Association in Hebei, China, and 30 age- and gender-matched, healthy volunteers (the control group) who had no long-term heavy-load sports history were recruited between April 2021 to September 2021. All the subjects underwent WB-DWI (b-value: 0, 800 s/mm2) and lumbar vertebral transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping. The bone marrow WB-DWI signal characteristics were analyzed visually and statistically by chi-square (χ2) tests. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), DWI signal intensity, and T2 values of the bone marrow were quantitatively and statistically analyzed by the independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. No subjects were excluded from the study. The bone marrow of 30 of the 60 subjects (aged 30-50 years) showed diffuse hyperintensity in the DW images. However, in all 60 subjects, the humeral heads, femoral heads, and great trochanters had low signals. The frequency of diffuse bone marrow DWI hyperintensity was significantly higher in the male amateur marathon runners (50%) than the male controls (5%, P=0.003), but no such significant difference was found between the female amateur marathon runners (100%) and female controls (90%, P>0.99). The DW signal intensity ratios of bone marrow to muscle (SIRBM-muscle) were significantly higher in the male amateur marathon runners than the male controls in the thoracic vertebrae (4.68 vs. 3.57, P=0.021), lumbar vertebrae (4.49 vs. 3.01, P<0.001), sacrum (3.67 vs. 2.62, P=0.002), and hip (3.45 vs. 2.50, P=0.002), but were only significantly higher in the female amateur marathon runners than the female controls in the thoracic vertebrae (7.69 vs. 5.87, P=0.029) and hip (4.76 vs. 3.92, P=0.004). The mean T2 values of the lumbar vertebrae were significantly higher in the male amateur marathon runners than the male controls (116.76 vs. 97.63 ms, P=0.001), but no such significant difference was observed between the female amateur marathon runners and the corresponding controls (118.58 vs. 124.10 ms, P=0.386). Marathon training resulted in diffuse hyperintensity in the bone marrow based on WB-DWI in 50% of the male amateur marathon runners aged 30-50 years. Thus, when WB-DWI is used for bone marrow disease screening, marathon training history should be considered to avoid false-positive diagnoses.

Development of Reference Point of Doping Attitude and Dispositions for Anti-Doping Education Notification of Athletes: Application of Reference Group Model.

We developed a reference point by applying a doping attitude and propensity tool to prevent doping in sports athletes. Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was investigated on 768 registered athletes with the Korea Sports Association. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were applied to confirm the doping attitude and propensity according to anti-doping education and event type. To establish the criteria for PEAS, the intersection was confirmed through the group comparison method, and EasyOZ by Excel was applied at this time. In addition, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to confirm the validity of the reference point. First, in the case of anti-doping education, it was confirmed that more than 90% of the anti-doping education was completed in all sports. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in PEAS according to the type of sport, and there was only a difference in the PEAS according to whether or not anti-doping education was provided and whether or not there was anti-doping education. Third, the point of contact established in the group comparison method was 29.5 points, and as a result of validating the validity based on this, 30 points were found to be the most suitable index. This study could be used as important information in that it suggests a different method for evaluating PEAS and establishes a reference point that can be used more effectively in the actual field.

PENGARUH LATIHAN STROKES SMASH DAN LATIHAN DRILLS SMASH TERHADAP KETEPATAN JUMPING SMASH DIPERSATUAN BULUTANGKIS BUNGO SPORT

Abstract&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This research aims to find out whether there is an effect of stroke smash and drill smash training on the accuracy of jumping smash shots. This research is experimental research with a quantitative approach. The population in the study were all players at the Bungo Sport Badminton Association, totaling 20 people.&#x0D; The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this study was 12 U 12-17 players. The results of this research show that (1) the first hypothesis states that there is an influence of smash stroke training on jumping smash accuracy at the Bungo Sport Association, with a value of t = 6.708 while t table = 2.570 with a significance level of 0.05. These results show that tcount is greater than ttable. Soha is accepted and ho is rejected. (2) the second hypothesis which states that there is an influence of drills smash training on the accuracy of jumping smashes at the Bungo Sport Association, with a value of t = 6325 while t table = 2.570 with a significance level of 0.05. These results show that tcount is greater than ttable. Soha is accepted and ho is rejected. (3) the third hypothesis which states that there is a difference between stroke smash training and drill smash training on jumping smash accuracy at the Bungo Sport Association, with a value of t = 0.000 while t table = 2.228 with a significance level of 0.05. These results show that tcount is smaller than ttable. Soha is rejected and ho is accepted, meaning there is no difference between the two exercises.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: practice smash strokes, drill smash, jumping smash, badminton

The development of the Vatican’s sports diplomacy tools in the 21st century

The article discusses the Vatican's public diplomacy tools, specifically the phenomenon of sports diplomacy. Sports diplomacy is a new tool for the realization of soft power by the Vatican, which gained its relevance during the pontificate of Francis I. This type of cultural diplomacy is characterized by significant dynamism, connection with socio-economic and political trends, and for a long time was out of the Vatican's sight due to moral and ethical contradictions inherent in this type of public diplomacy, as well as the lack of resources for the implementation of initiatives in this area. The contradictory nature of sports diplomacy for the Vatican is due, on the one hand, to the "ideal" sport's focus on the cultivation of moral and ethical values approved by the Roman Catholic Church (compassion, respect, love, harmony, and joy), and, on the other hand, to the political engagement and business orientation of "real" professional sport. Due to the traditional role of the RCC as a source of moral and ethical guidelines for Catholic society, sports diplomacy for the Vatican involves significant reputational risks. These risks stem from many factors, among them: the exploitation of athletes, the spread of dishonest sporting behavior (e.g., doping) within sports organizations, and the inconsistency with the values imposed by the sports industry, among them body worship, hedonism, consumerism, hoarding, individualism, and the obsession with success. In many ways, the emergence of this tool has been a forced measure and is linked to the changing territorial distribution and national composition of Catholicism, which has necessitated the need to find new ways to establish a dialogue with the Vatican's target audience, which is predominantly made up of people from developing countries in the global South. These circumstances have led to a decline in the popularity of the RCC and its doctrines, as well as a decline in the attractiveness of the Christian way of life and Christian values among believers. They have also become an indicator for the RCC of the need to respond to the changes that have taken place and to seek new tools of public diplomacy that can bring the Church back to the attention of its target audience. The article examines the Vatican's views on the values of sport and the sports industry, discussing their relevance to Christian values, as well as acceptable formats for the Vatican's participation in the sporting life of society. The article discusses the Vatican's priorities, including its predominant focus on amateur sports. At the same time, it reveals evidence of the Vatican's intention to increase its representation in professional sports, which is expressed in the creation of specialized agencies, inclusion in sports associations and societies, and involvement of professional athletes. The current limitations of Vatican sports diplomacy are also examined. Conclusions are drawn about the Vatican's interest in the development of sports diplomacy and its desire to use this tool to achieve strategic goals.

Psychological Safety: A Qualitative Study on Coach and Athlete Perceptions

Aims: The concept of psychological safety has received growing interest within a sport context in recent years. Despite a small but growing body of literature, there is still a lack of conceptual clarity, and thus research is needed to gain a better understanding of how psychological safety manifests in sport. Existing literature suggests psychological safety may allow for positive outcomes in various sport settings. As this may be of interest to many coaches and sporting organisations, a deeper evidence base will prove beneficial for further support to this claim. The aim of the current study was to garner conceptual clarity by gathering coach and athlete perceptions of psychological safety in high-performance pathway sport environments. Methods: Qualitative findings of six focus groups with coaches (two focus groups) and athletes (four focus groups) were comprised of four sports (association football, boxing, field hockey, and swimming). A total of 25 participants included 18 athletes (Mage = 19.6 years; Mexperience = 10.6 years) and seven coaches (Mage = 45 years; Mexperience = 19.6 years) who discussed psychological safety within their high-performance pathway sport environment. Focus groups lasted from 36 to 78 minutes (Mlength = 56 min). Qualitative content analysis was utilised to categorise themes identified from the focus groups. Findings: Findings offer a conceptualisation of the defining attributes (e.g., freedom to speak freely and raise issues), antecedents (e.g., positional competition, selection, and deselection), and outcomes (e.g., positive climate and enjoyment of sport) of psychological safety in sport settings. One of the key takeaways within the findings suggests that psychological safety in a sport context may manifest in a dual process, namely on-field (e.g., the freedom to take risks) and off-field (e.g., the freedom to speak freely and raise issues).

Study on the Status of Sports Association Activities in Henan Province

Study on the Status of Sports Association Activities in Henan Province

Institutional Model of the Organization of Professional Education of Athletes Throughout Their Sport Career

The article presents the material devoted to the problem of professional education of athletes. A systematic approach was used as the methodological basis of the study, which allows considering the professional partnership of subjects of sports, education, government agencies and entrepreneurship as an institutional model for building an academic and sports career, which is an element of the system of social adaptation of athletes. The theoretical basis of the study was the activity approach, cultural approach, anthropological approach, axiological approach. The aim of the study was to study the institutional model of the organization of professional education of athletes throughout their sports career, which has developed in Germany in the form of professional partnership between subjects of sports, education, government agencies and entrepreneurship. Based on the study of the materials of the periodical press and the Internet, the expediency of building an academic and sports career is substantiated, as well as the experience of organizing professional education in parallel with sports training within the framework of the «Duale Karriere» project of the Olympic Sports Confederation of Germany is revealed. The essence and mechanisms of partnership within the framework of the «Partner hochschulen des Spitzen sports» project between interested parties – Olympic training centers, the Olympic Sports Confederation of Germany, the German Sports Aid Foundation, German higher education organizations, etc. Examples of the formation of an institutional environment for building an academic and sports career based on the use of lapidary documents, business documents of a framework nature, documents of self-regulation of national sports organizations are presented. The institutional nature of the interaction between the Olympic Sports Confederation of Germany, the All-German Student Sports Association, sports federations, Olympic training centers, public administration bodies and higher education organizations is substantiated on the basis of documents regulating their relations within the framework of professional partnership.

Sports jujutsu tourism

Problem: Certain events are symptomatic of institutional and organisational development in relatively new sports. They therefore deserve to be described and interpreted. This is about a newly established sports association in Poland in the field of sports jujutsu /ju-jitsu.Method: Autoethnography and visual sociology / visual ethnography are the basic methods of the applied qualitative research methodology. The selection and analysis of the photographic material took place.Results: On the basis of the theory of martial arts tourism, the purpose of the meeting of the leaders of the Dan Commission operating within the Polish Ju-Jitsu Sports Association was defined. A solemn promotion to the highest ranks took place. Afterwards there was another meeting of several leaders of martial arts and combat sports.Conclusions: The described meetings of leaders - holders of the highest master degrees - create the history of martial arts and combat sports practiced in Poland. The ceremonies of awarding certificates, the manner of honouring the high-ranking champions, as well as the documentation of achievements and legitimisation of powers are forms of institutionalisation or sometimes ritualisation of activities within a given organisation.

Spatial distribution and driving factors of Chinese dragon and lion dance athletes based on GIS

As the common wealth of all mankind, intangible cultural heritage carries the memory of history. The implementation of dragon and lion dance technical grade evaluation can be called pioneering work for the legacy inheritance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics, trends, types, and driving factors of dragon and lion dance athletes. Athletes who were awarded a grade certificate by Chinese Dragon and Lion Dance Sports Association from 2018 to 2021 were taken as the analysis objects. In ArcGIS10.8, trend surface analysis and standard deviational ellipse are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics. Using the global and local Moran's I in GeoDa, this paper explores the concentration degree and types of dragon and lion dance athletes. The factors driving the distribution difference are analyzed with the help of geographical detectors. Continuous data such as total GDP, sports field areas, permanent populations, and altitude are taken as the software input after preprocessing. The results show that there are significant differences in the distribution of provinces and four geographical regions. For dragon dance athletes, there is a linear growth trend in the west-east direction and an inverted U-shape trend in the south-north direction. For lion dance athletes, there is a trend of log function in the west-east direction and an inverted U shape in the south-north direction. The global Moran's I is 0.2386, and there are obvious characteristics of H–H, L-L, and L-H aggregation types. Nomination of sports intangible cultural heritage, total GDP, permanent resident population, urbanization development level, the number of colleges and universities, and the proportion of tertiary industry are the leading factors, and the explanatory power of interactive factors is significantly enhanced. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the cultural heritage protection of dragon and lion dance, increase capital investment, enhance public participation, and raise government attention.

Exploring barriers and facilitators for effective implementation of a physical activity project for people with dementia based on the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recent studies show that physical activity (PA) may be beneficial for persons with dementia (PwD) [1], their participation in PA is still low compared to healthy older adults [2]. Therefore, there is a need for a further increase in comprehension regarding both barriers and facilitating factors leading to PA promotion in PwD. The main objective of this research was to assess barriers and facilitators during the implementation of a German project designed to promote PA among PwD using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as an evaluation framework.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with project leaders and sports trainers participating in the project “Sport bewegt Menschen mit Demenz” (Sport moves people with dementia). This project consisted in implementing PA initiatives for PwD including sport clubs from four German sports associations. In addition, the CFIR guided data collection and analysis.ResultsIn total, twenty‐one participants were part of the study. The most frequent barriers identified were lack of funding and involvement of persons with dementia. The most reported facilitators were engaged sports trainers/project leaders and positive implementation climate within sports clubs. Future fields of action should be focused on developing networks for improved communication between involved actors; assuring financial opportunities from local, regional, or national institutions; designing enjoyable and secure strategies that encourage PA participation among persons with dementia; spreading education opportunities for sports trainers to develop skills that will guarantee that sports clubs promote the inclusion of people with dementia in PA initiatives.ConclusionThe CFIR framework has the potential to support and facilitate implementation of long‐term PA projects for PwD by making it possible to address factors affecting their success.

Management in Sport Climbing

Sports management in Indonesia is faced with a lack of adequate attention and investment in sports development. The budget allocated for sports development is still limited, including in terms of coaching athletes and improving sports facilities. This can make it difficult to achieve excellence in national competitions and develop the potential of high-achieving athletes. The Rock-Climbing Federation (FPTI) PENGCAB Jember district is experiencing quite serious problems in organizational management. This is evidenced by several elements of management that are not fulfilled, such as limited funds, multiple jobs in management, senior athletes changing residence, inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The aim of this research is to examine the management functions within FPTI PENGCAB Jember district as follows: Planning, Organizing, Mobilizing and Controlling. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research objects in this study are organizational administrators, coaches and athletes. The data analysis process uses data triangulation 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusions. Research findings include: 1) Management planning (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely clear who, what, when, where and how to do it; 2) Organization and management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely comprehensive management, work mechanisms, no written job descriptions, and routine activities discussed at the beginning of the year; 3) Driving, management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely complete management, work mechanisms, and there are routine activities. The research conclusions show that: (1) Planning: management of the Indonesian rock-climbing federation is very good; (2) Organization: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good; and (3) Actuating: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good. (4) Control: The Indonesian Rock-Climbing Sports Association is running quite well. Keywords: Sport Climbing, Sports management, Indonesian rock-climbing

How can outdoor sports protect themselves against climate change-related health risks? – A prevention model based on an expert Delphi study

ObjectivesTo systematically develop an adaptation model to reduce climate change-related health risks for outdoor athletes. DesignDelphi Method study. MethodsA classic asynchronous Delphi study was conducted with a total of three survey rounds. 24 experts from the eight largest outdoor sport associations by membership in the German Olympic Sports Confederation were included as well as 24 medical experts with expertise in sport medicine, internal medicine, allergology, dermatology, infectiology, or toxicology. Based on open-ended questions, panelists were asked to consider prevention measures for sport organizations and clubs. Free text responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. ResultsExperts recommended establishing the following eight fields of prevention measures: technical and structural measures; organizational measures; personalized measures; basic, advanced, and continuing education; concepts of action, warning concepts, and financial concepts; cooperation and coordination; campaigns; and evaluation measures. ConclusionsThe pyramid model presented in this study systematizes possible sport-specific adaptation measures on climate change by empirical aggregation of knowledge from scientists, sport organizations, clubs, trainers, and professional athletes. To assess the effectiveness of these prevention measures, sport organizations may incorporate them not only into broader operations but also everyday training routines.

A Turkish Association Founded in Bulgaria: Turan Youth and Sports Association

Bu makale iki savaş arası dönemde 1924-1934 yılları arasında Bulgaristan’da faaliyet gösteren Turan Gençlik ve Spor Birliği’nin Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türklerin ulusal bilincini geliştirmek, halkın&#x0D; terbiyesi ve sosyo-kültürel meseleleriyle ilgilenmek yoluyla onları fikrî ve bedenî manada yükseltme çabalarına odaklanmaktadır. Bulgaristan Devleti, Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türklere karşı&#x0D; sindirme, asimile etme ya da göçe zorlama gibi politikalarla onların Bulgaristan topraklarındaki izlerini silme gayreti içinde olmuştu. Bu süreçte Bulgaristan’daki Türklerin arasındaki bağı&#x0D; kuvvetlendirmek ve Türk kültürünü yaşatmak adına birtakım entelektüel çevreler bir araya gelerek Turan Birliği’ni oluşturmuşlardı. Türkler arasında millî şuurun ve kültürün gelişmesi adına&#x0D; anavatan Türkiye’deki Kemalist inkılapları örnek alan Turan Birliği, yaptığı faaliyetler ve savunduğu fikirler ile iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin de odağında yer almıştı.

«DOVBUSH», «MAZEPA», «PETLURA», «BUKOVYNA», «DNISTER», «KOLOS»: THE NAMES OF BUKOVYN’S FOOTBALL TEAMS IN THE XX–XXI CENTURIES

The article presents the names of Ukrainian football teams over the century-long history of the development of football in Bukovyna. The object of analysis in the study was the nominations of Bukovyna teams, starting from the 20s of the 20th century and until now. The subject of analysis is the motivational base and methods of creating the names of Bukovyna football teams in the 20–21th centuries. The sources of factual material in the investigation were Ukrainian periodicals, primarily sports, and the works of sports historians on the development of football in Bukovyna. The motivation of the names of football teams was analyzed, and they were differentiated into homonymous and appellative names. The political and social and cultural factors of naming tendencies that dominated in different periods of football development are traced. It was found that in the 20–30s of the 20th century, when the Bukovyna lands were part of Romania, and the Ukrainians of Bukovyna tried to demonstrate their national identity in various ways, the names of football clubs in these areas reflected associations with cultural, historical, geographical realities of Ukraine. Along with the names motivated by toponyms, hydronyms, oronyms, nominations of Ukrainian organizations and unions, names of persons by profession, many names came from anthroponyms – Dovbush, Karmelyuk, Gonta, Zaliznyak, Doroshenko, Mazepa, Petlyura, which was a notable feature of Bukovyna football naming. In the 40–80s of the 20th century the share of football team names with a nationalcultural component in meaning has noticeably decreased (Bukovyna, Karpaty, Cheremosh), instead, unified nominations have appeared with Soviet realities and symbols of communist ideology reflected in them. During this period, club names derived from the names of all-Union sports associations, ergonims, names of persons by profession, names of enterprise products, and ideological names (Kolos, Legmash) dominated. In the period after the restoration of Ukrainian independence, the number of nominations with ethnоcultural connotations increased, a small percentage of names formed in the times of totalitarianism were preserved, and under the influence of the commercialization of sports, names that duplicate the names of organizations that finance football clubs and eclectic nominations, which combined Soviet team names with the names of their sponsors (Farmer, RA-DENT, Kolos-Maya, Zarinok-Drim-Tim). The prospects of the research are to identify trends in the naming of football clubs in different Ukrainian regions.

Parents’ attitudes towards swim lessons organized by the School sports association of Osijek

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi stavove roditelja o provedenom programu neplivača u organizaciji Školskog sportskog saveza grada Osijeka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 112 roditelja djece koja su pohađala program poduke neplivača. Roditelji su putem online upitnika odgovarali na pitanja o programu poduke neplivača.Iz deskriptivnih podataka vidljivo je kako većina roditelja smatra a je važno procijeniti stupanj znanja plivanja djece radi njihove sigurnosti. Manji broj roditelja mišljenja je da su oni ti koji bi svoju djecu trebalipodučiti plivanju. Što se tiče utjecaja škole plivanja na školske obveze djeteta, roditelji su većinom mišljenja da nisu problem izostanci s nastave kao ni priprema za nastavu te ne smatraju da su djeca preopterećena. Dio roditelja iskazao je kako im je teško organizirati prijevoz do bazena. Iako većina roditelja negira da nema povjerenja u program plivanja, mišljenja su i da bi učitelji trebali pratiti učenike na bazene. Dosadašnji program ocjenjuju kao vrlo dobar. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđeno je da postoji statističkiznačajna pozitivna niska povezanost stava roditelja da oni sami trebaju podučavati svoju djecu plivanju s mišljenjem da program šteti djetetovom pohađanju i pripremi za nastavu. Također je utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna pozitivna niska povezanost stava roditelja da oni sami trebaju podučavati svoju djecu plivanju s povjerenjem u sigurnost programa škole plivanja.