Spiritus Rector Research Articles

Women in group analysis. Group analytic training with Ilse Seglow: Experiences of the first training group of the Institute of Group Analysis, Heidelberg/Germany

More than 40 years ago, the first training group of the Institute of Group Analysis Heidelberg started their training with Ilse Seglow in London. However, the beginning of the training was overshadowed by a conflict, since the group did not know that the training should take place entirely in London. This paper tries to explore this conflict in the light of unconscious dynamics underlying the foundation of the institute. Ilse Seglow, a German exiled Jew and ex-communist, was the ‘spiritus rector’ of the institute and the facilitator of the first training group. Group processes are described, showing how the group as well as Ilse dealt with this situation, commemorating one of the charismatic, controversial and politically inspired, but mostly forgotten personalities of the group analytic community.

The Rope

The Rope

Contemplating the state of European design law…

At the age of 15, one is no longer a child but not yet an adult either. Naturally, parents continue to look after their offspring, making sure that, while eventually as grown-ups they will go their own ways, they will not take a completely wrong direction. Likewise, in the European Union (EU), design law is at the threshold between infancy and adulthood, as it is now 15 years old. Hence, it is altogether fitting and proper that Annette Kur, spiritus rector of European design law, takes the 15th anniversary of Community design law (counted from 1 April 2003, the date when applications for Community designs could first be filed at the EUIPO) as a welcome opportunity to step aside and contemplate the status of European design law. She is joined in this exercise by her reputed co-editors Marianne Levin and Jens Schovsbo and many other academic stars as authors, from China (Yin Qile and Zhang Weijun), Denmark (Stina Teilmann-Lock), Germany (Ansgar Ohly), Italy (Philipp Fabbio) and the USA (Graeme B. Dinwoodie and Stacey Dogan).

A racial triangle: physical anthropology and race theories between Germans, Jews and Poles

The last decades of the nineteenth century saw a growing prominence of German racial sciences. This article documents how East Central European scholars responded to their potential marginalization within the scientific community due to German racial theories in the field of physical anthropology and the popularization of science. Three personalities represent a sample of this variety: Ludwik Gumplowicz, a Polish-Jewish sociologist; Mateusz Mieses, a Galician Jewish amateur anthropologist; and Jan Czekanowski, professor of anthropology and spiritus rector of the Lwów school of anthropology. All three cases illustrate the contradictions inscribed into the concept of transnationalism. To varying extents, they belonged to the German-speaking scientific community, through which they gained access to international science. Their reactions to anti-Jewish and anti-Slavic positions among the dominant racial theories of their time shines light on the tensions which were present within the academic community, as well as on the tensions that appeared between their own (semi-)professional status, self-perception and their group identities. The international communication and contacts came into conflict with the exclusionary philosophy of racial theories, thus perpetually challenging their transnational position. The responses of these actors sought to redefine spatial and methodological frameworks amid the dominant discourses. Each making attempts in their own way, they aimed at reversing what they perceived as aberrations of racial theories while persistently remaining within this discourse.

La Vita secunda sancti Hucberti de Jonas d’Orléans et sa tradition manuscrite

The Life of Saint Hubert, a Bishop of Liège in close relationship with the Pippinids, has undergone repeated reworking from an initial, anonymous, text dated 743-750 (bhl 3993), written on the event of the first transfer of the relics of the saint, in 743. The first reshuffle is due to Jonas, bishop of Orleans : it has been written for the second translation of the saint, to Andage in 825, and at the request of bishop Walcaud of Liège. Jonas of Orleans, influential bishop of the court of Louis the Pious and spiritus rector of the reforming councils of Paris in 829 and of Aix in 836, was one of the most prominent intellectuals of the Carolingian renovatio. The political, social and religious issues of this translation as well as the text of Jonas were brilliantly depicted by Alain Dierkens in a renowned article. The present contribution focuses on the analysis of the manuscript tradition of the vita as rewritten by Jonas (bhl 3994) and the recording of the translation at Andage (bhl 3995). The 1887 publication by De Smedt listed only 27 manuscript versions of the work (including summaries that he eliminated) ; today it amounts to 39 manuscripts and 8 summaries, compiled for the liturgical needs of various churches. The examination of the manuscript tradition highlights several phases of the diffusion of the Life of saint Hubert by Jonas, altering its structure. The legend books from the Saint-Hubert abbey were compiled quite late (11th-14th centuries) and the Life of Saint Hubert, by Jonas, is usually associated with the second book of Miracula (bhl 3997). The oldest text is mentioned by the De Smedt class B manuscripts, in particular the Paris manuscript (bnf Latin 5609) which belonged to Archbishop Hincmar of Reims and is very close to the original of Jonas. It is therefore mandatory to give priority to this document, and the best representatives of class B, in the event of a new edition.

Klaus Koschorke i koncepcja historii światowego chrześcijaństwa w ujęciu szkoły monachijskiej

This article takes a look back at the last twenty years of what some have called the “Munich School of World Christianity” and presents the research of this group of scholars, who are working or have worked at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Germany. Its central focus highlights on the career and scholarly work of the groups Spiritus rector, Klaus Koschorke, who held the chair for Early and Global History of Christianity in the Faculty of Protestant Theology from 1993 to 2013. In this way, the reader, on the one hand, is introduced to the most important scholarly concepts, studies, and international conferences of the “Munich School” and, on the other hand, is given an overview of recent research projects dealing with indigenous Christian elites in Asia and Africa.

An welchem Ort huldigt man dem neugeborenen Christus?

Leonardo’s Adoration of the Magi’s (Galleria degli Uffizi) belongs to an iconographic and semantic tradition, which beneficed of an extraordinary evolution during the second half of the fifteenth century. In such representations the poor wooden construction described by the Bible is combined with the ruins of splendid classical buildings and mean the beginning of Christianity on one hand and the submitted pagan era on the other. A comparison of the two drawings of Leonardo, held in the Louvre and the Gabinetto Disegni e Stampe of the Uffizi, and the unfinished painting reveals the various steps of the development of the architectural background. Recent ultraviolet studies identified different solutions, conceived and then abandoned by Leonardo, which allow to reconstruct the ruins and architectural fragments in a more detailed manner. In the first version, the Holy family is placed before a heterogeneous structure of wood and stone, while an antique ruin with two flights of stairs raises on the right side. The drawing of the Uffizi focuses its attention on this ruin now shifted to the left side, while the stairs advance strongly toward the centre. On the right side a fragment of a classical order completes the feature, which evokes an antique forum. In the painting the Holy family is situated is the foreground, without any wooden construction to protect them, and the ruin, whose structure and position is slightly changed, is linked to it by the moving of figures and animals. Like in the drawing of the Uffizi many busy craftsmen reveal that the ruin is intended as a building site. The parallel flights remind us of the church of San Sebastiano in Mantua, built according to Leon Battista Alberti’s project, and seems to have been inspired by the Roman temple of Claudius. In Lorenzo de’ Medici’s villa of Poggio a Caiano, begun in 1485, such a pattern had been adopted for the first time in a private building, introducing a complete metamorphosis of this type. Vasari records that several architects proposed drawings for this villa and if such a competition had taken place before Leonardo left Florence in 1482, the latter could have seen sketches or models, like those of Giuliano da Sangallo, and perhaps even proposed his own project. This could explain his interest for architectural features in his Adoration, a concern less present in his other paintings. No document confirms the hypothesis of a direct link between Lorenzo’s villa and the ruin of the Adoration, but it is sure that the latter one is nearly connected to the entourage of Lorenzo de’ Medici who promoted in this years a renewal of architectural typologies and idioms, founded on the principles of Leon Battista Alberti, the spiritus rector of Lorenzo’s youth. When Perugino finished in 1496 another Adoration for the Augustans of San Scopeto he privileged the poor stable conformingly to the biblical tradition, perhaps as required by the monks. Leonardo’s ruin as building-site, as an original metaphor of the new Christian religion, had only little Nachleben. A significant testimony is however an Adoration about 1522/1523 attributed to Sebastiano Serlio, who could have known Leonardo’s bold architectural background through his master Baldassarre Peruzzi.

„Selbstbericht“ Ulrich Stutz

Abstract „Selfdescription“ Ulrich Stutz. Ulrich Stutz closed his „selfdiscription“ in May 1934 and handed it to the library of the University of Basel with the remark „strictly confidential during the lifetime of the author“. It has been quoted very rarely and is published here for the first time. Ulrich Stutz is not only the founder of the history of canon law, but he was also for a long time its spiritus rector. The „selfdiscription“ is preceded by brief remarks on the life and work of this great scholar.

„Selbstbericht“ Ulrich Stutz

Abstract„Selfdescription“ Ulrich Stutz. Ulrich Stutz closed his „selfdiscription“ in May 1934 and handed it to the library of the University of Basel with the remark „strictly confidential during the lifetime of the author“. It has been quoted very rarely and is published here for the first time. Ulrich Stutz is not only the founder of the history of canon law, but he was also for a long time its spiritus rector. The „selfdiscription“ is preceded by brief remarks on the life and work of this great scholar.

Pierre H.A. Jolivet, the spiritus rector of leaf beetle research, with a list of his publications.

Pierre H.A. Jolivet, the spiritus rector of leaf beetle research, with a list of his publications.

“Vá em frente, em nome de Deus”: seis cartas abolicionistas dos anos 1787 e 1791, escritas por John Wesley, traduzidas e interpretadas

After an introduction, are presented in English and Portuguese six letters written by John Wesley, an Anglican priest and spiritus rector of the Methodist movement, addressed to Samuel Hoare (18 August 1787), Thomas Clarkson (London, in August 1787), Granville Sharp (London, 11 October 1787), Thomas Funnell (24 November 1787), Henry Moore (Bristol, 14 March 1790) and John Wilberforce (Balam, February 24, 1791). The five people belonged to the circles of the Society for the abolition of slave trade , founded on May 22, 1787. Hoare, a Quaker, Sharp and Clarkson, both Anglicans, were founding members, Funnell, associate member soon after and Wilberforce and the leader of the parliamentary committee that dealt with the subject.

Nietzsche-Forum-München

Nietzsche-Forum-München

O Envolvimento de John Wesley (1703-1791) na Causa Abolicionista: De Experiências Pessoais, Via a Criação de Uma Rede de Contestadores/as Até Uma Ação Política Orquestrada

Este artigo apresenta o envolvimento de John Wesley, sacerdote anglicano e spiritus rector do movimento metodista no século 18, na luta abolicionista, desde as suas influências familiares e suas experiências com a instituição da escravidão até a criação de uma rede de contestadores que resultou em uma ação política orquestrada, já sob a liderança de uma nova geração.

“Vá em Frente, em Nome de Deus”: Seis Cartas Abolicionistas dos Anos 1787 e 1791, Escritas por John Wesley, Traduzidas e Interpretadas

After a brief introduction, are presented in English and Portuguese six letters written by John Wesley, an Anglican priest and spiritus rector of the Methodist movement, addressed to Samuel Hoare (18 August 1787), Thomas Clarkson (London, in August 1787), Granville Sharp (London, 11 October 1787), Thomas Funnell (24 November 1787), Henry Moore (Bristol, 14 March 1790) and John Wilberforce (of Balam, February 24, 1791). The five people belonged to the circles of the Society for the abolition of slavetrade , founded on May 22, 1787. Hoare, a Quaker, Sharp and Clarkson, both Anglicans, were founding members, Funnell, associate member soon after and Wilberforce and the leader of the parliamentary committee that dealt with the subject.

Os “Pensamentos sobre a Escravidão” (1774) de John Wesley: Introdução e Tradução para o Português Brasileiro

This paper presents a translation of the Thoughts upon slavery , a work written in 1774 by John Wesley, an Anglican priest and spiritus rector of the Methodist movement. After a brief introduction to the current state of research regarding the text, details of the translation are presented, as for example, the indication of passages that rely on works of other authors and the implicit and explicit use of a biblical argument as a justification of natural law. Keywords : John Wesley; Thoughts upon slavery ; abolition in England; natural law; justice; mercy.

O consumo de álcool segundo as gravuras Beer Street e Gin Lane de William Hogarth e as obras de John Wesley: convergências e diferenças

The article compares William Hogarth's Gin Lane and Beer Street with texts by his contemporary John Wesley, spiritus rector of the Methodist movement. Although Hogarth had portrayed the Methodist religious movement in some of his prints as dangerously enthusiastic, both men defended a similar agenda concerning alcohol consumption. The similarities in their two ways of understanding the issue can be explained by culturally established customs, while distinct social outlooks can account for their differences.

The Ebstorf Mappamundi and Gervase of Tilbury: The Controversy Revisited

ABSTRACT The date of the Ebstorf world map, whether it originated early (between 1208 and 1250) or late (around 1300), has been controversial for decades. In the case of the earlier dates, Gervase of Tilbury is regarded as spiritus rector of the map. Gervase of Tilbury was the author of the Otia imperialia, an encyclopaedic description of the world which he dedicated to the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV of Brunswick. Gervase was marshal of the imperial court in the kingdom of Arles (1209–1214), recorded in Provence until 1222, and perhaps identical with Gervase, provost of the convent of Ebstorf south of Lüneburg (1223–1234, died before 1244). Protagonists of the c.1300 date hold that the map has nothing to do with Gervase of Tilbury. In this article the controversy is updated, and the main criteria for the dating are reviewed. The conclusion offers a compromise: if the Ebstorf map really was made around 1300, it should be seen as a copy of Gervase's earlier map.

O guia medicinal Primitive Physick de John Wesley de 1747: ciência, charlatania ou medicina social? (John Wesley’s medical guide Primitive Physic[k] from 1747: science, charlatanism or social medicine?) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n21p339

In 1747, John Wesley, spiritus rector of the Methodist movement, published the first edition of his medical guide Primitive Physic[k] . What was its purpose in a world where the Royal Academy, herbalists, healers / as, exorcists and quacks competed for the attention of the population? What is its legacy and limitation, considering the different interests of contemporary religious movements in Brazil? The article introduces the different groups who promoted or pretended to promote health in 18th century England and compares the contents of the guide Primitive Physic [k] with their proposals and therapeutic strategies. The conclusion is that a significant portion of the guide consists of guidelines of the Royal Academy of Medicine, but that it always favors homemade remedies with ingredients available to humbler classes. In relation to the socalled Spiritual Physick, prayer is mentioned as a complementary measure, but the practice of exorcism is totally ignored.

Flow and image cytometry side by side for the new frontiers in quantitative single‐cell analysis

THE role of regulatory (CD4CD25) T-cells (Tregs) as therapeutics to replace common anti-inflammatory drugs is of increasing interest since cell therapy seems to be within reach (1). Practical aspects of purification and propagation of Tregs is now summarized by Trzonkowski et al. in the present issue (2). The authors demonstrate that novel advances in flow cytometry and also cellular immunology opens the door for the clinical application of Tregs. Affordable diagnostic tools for HIV and AIDS are of imminent importance in resource poor countries (3). To this end, PCR (4) and cell-based analysis (i.e. CD4 counting) by flow cytometry (5,6) or automated microscopic cytometry (7) is often the method of choice. The current PCR assays, however, often fail to detect virus variants that are prevalent in the third world. Thereby, these patients, despite clinical symptoms, may be diagnosed as virus negative and will not receive therapy. Now, Greve et al. present a new microparticle-based PCR assay that enables detection and quantification of HIV-1 viral load for most of the common variants including outlier, nonmajor, and circulating recombinant forms (8, commentary in 9). Malaria is also one of the great killers that needs appropriate diagnostic tools (7). Jimenez-Diaz et al. (10) developed an assay to quantify malaria-infected erythrocytes using the cell-permeable nuclear dye SYTO-16. The authors show the applicability of their assay for infected normal mice and human erythrocyte engrafted NOD mice. Because flow cytometers are now available in many resource poor settings, both assays can be introduced, relatively inexpensively. Finally, the research group of Edwards et al. applied a flow-cytometry-based high-throughput screening system (11) to identify novel formylpeptide receptor ligand probes. The authors screened more than 24,000 small molecules and finally came up with several candidates of potential future therapeutic or diagnostic interest (12,13). The aforementioned scientific articles of this issue illustrate that flow cytometry is still going strong with innovative technologies for versatile applications presented in our journal. However, every scientific journal has to evolve and adjust its focus to present and adjust for future requirements of the scientific community. In view of the increasing technological advances in imaging (14), our goal was to become a front journal for image cytometry and quantitative image analysis. As one can see from the citations in 2008 to Cytometry Part A, the readers find an increasing appreciation in our publications in the technological field of quantitative imaging. As one good example, Abella et al. (15) present an assay for automated quantification of cell infiltrates in histological sections based on microscopic images from allergic murine models. After extraction of texture parameters by a stepwise procedure the authors propose an algorithm that appears to be superior to manual cell counting. Yet another application is automated laser scanning cytometry (LSC) for mast cells tracking in skin as described by Zoog et al. (16). Rapid, accurate evaluation of mast cells present around wounds in a wound-healing model by automated LSC may serve as an important tool for tracking pharmacodynamic effects of MC-directed therapies. Without doubt we enter the era of automated cell detection in tissues (17). New labeling fluorescent tools for life-cell in vivo imaging are introduced by Robers et al. (18). High-affinity and selective ligand–receptor binding of 50-fluorescein-tagged synthetic ligand for FKBP12 (immunophilin) and mutated receptor

Encounter with the Unconscious

Twelfth-century Hildegard of Bingen’s lush interior life foreshadowed twentieth-century Jungian insight into the rich contents of the unconscious in human personality. “Encounter with the Unconscious: Hildegard in Jung” provides an overview of the seven references in Jung's Collected Works to Hildegard of Bingen, who, in Jung's own words, was “an outstanding personality quite apart from her mysticism” (CW 13, ¶42). Murray Stein contends that Jung was guided in his writings “by an unseen hand, a largely unconscious spiritus rector [guiding spirit].” Eight centuries earlier Hildegard was motivated by the same impulse and guided by a similar spirit—the umbra viventis lucis—the Living Light within her soul. This article offers an interpretation of Jung's interest in a woman from another era upon whom he could rely while pioneering the rich, colorful, and symbolic spiritual terrain of the unconscious. Both medieval Benedictine Abbess Hildegard and modern depth psychologist Jung sought to heal a Christianity in crisis. Each experienced a visionary life that gripped them from within with images and ideas that have outlived them. Jung found in twelfth-century Hildegard a scientific theorist supportive of his findings on the life of the unconscious in human personality, as well as a mystic able to experience the visionary life while retaining psychic integrity— or, expressed within his conceptual framework, as a woman who achieved individuation, an evolved individuality.