Sphere Of Use Research Articles

From the History of the Process of the Formation of Russian Legal Terminology of the 14th – 17th Centuries

The article is devoted to the description of the process of the formation of legal lexicon in the Russian language of the 14th — 17th centuries. In the earlier documents of the ancient Russian period crimes are called “зло, грех, проказа, пакости, ослушание” etc. Criminals who have committed unlawful actions are called “ослушники” and “злодеи”. In the future criminal actions are differentiated according to the signs: committed against the person or property, intentional — unintentional, and the first time or repeatedly. The author in the article analyses terminology of crimes against property. Criminal acts are called in legal texts “разбой, татьба, грабеж” etc. Persons who commit crimes are called “разбойник, тать, грабежник” etc. Important criteria for naming the perpetrators of the theft are the crime scene and the character of the stolen things: “церковный тать, кромский тать, клетный тать, коневый тать” etc. The vocabulary is analysed from the point of view of origin, semantics and the sphere of use.

Differential signs of social and economic vocabulary against the background of social dynamics

The subject of research is semantic processes in the vocabulary of socio-economic sphere. Objective of research. Analyzes the verbal vocabulary for denoting social-economic concepts and identifies the potential of these linguistic items. Methodological basis of research. In the research, the descriptive-analytical method was used for comprehensive study and description of vocabulary. For the systematization and classification of lexical items, interpretation of their functional features, the methods of linguistic observation and generalization were used; to determine the origin and the original meaning of lexical items – the elements of etymological analysis were used. The comparative method was used to compare the features of semantics, structure, origin and usage of linguistic items of the analyzed field. Results of research. The article analyzes the social-political vocabulary based on differential signs, it characterizes the verbal vocabulary for denoting social-economic concepts and identifies the potential of these linguistic items. Selected a few layers of vocabulary in different spheres of use, defined stylistic role of the term for economic concepts and processes, factors that new lexico-semantic displays have defined are characterized, their stylistic role is defined. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in teaching activities in the course «Scientific and technical terminology». Conclusions. Socio-economic vocabulary is a sufficiently broad group of verbs that denote different processes, actions and sometimes states. These lexical items really show what is happening in society in the economic sector. The article concludes that the selected thematic groups of verbs are not closed, they are open both for replenishment by new lexical items and verbs of other lexical-semantic groups.

Неологізація лексики в час пандемії коронавірусу (на матеріалі інтернет-видань та соціальних мереж)

Having spread around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of neologisms both in Ukrainian and in other languages. In the first place, it happened due to extralinguistic factors – specific features of the infectious disease itself as well as the unprecedented social practices which have become a new method of adaptation to the present day circumstances. Language has promptly reacted to large-scale changes in the world and the society: new words and word combinations denoting the phenomena, objects and notions unknown before have appeared; the modification of the semantics of certain common words has taken place; the sphere of usage of some specialized terms has broadened. Globalization processes and a tendency towards language unification have facilitated the spread of terms of international use, neolexemes, neomorphemes, which is indicative of the emergence of the common international vocabulary. English borrowings have been actively adopted due to the language practice of mass media (in particular, the electronic ones), which are dynamic and open to innovation, and, as is the case with social networks, enable the communication of a great number of people of various nationalities, ages and social status. Thus, neologisms are social markers of transformations, typical of the society in a globalized world. Renovation of the vocabulary is happening by means of adoption of foreignisms, predominantly of the English origin, international terms, which are replenishing terminology subsystems, in particular the ones of healthcare and administration, etc.; by means of word-formation using borrowed derivation tools; due to the activation of the processes of extending the semantics of already familiar words. A considerable amount of new words will not enter the general vocabulary as upon the conclusion of the Covid-19 pandemic they will be excluded from the active use and transferred to the corpus of historical words of the epoch which will become the evidence of the period of the quarantine measures and self-isolation of the citizens, and some words will be returned to a specialized sphere of use.

First grammar books in the Habsburg Monarchy: individual initiative and regulatory interference by the state (1760s–1770s)

The second half of the eighteenth century in the lands under the sceptre of the House of Austria was a period of development of a language policy addressing the ethno-linguistic diversity of the monarchy’s subjects. On the one hand, the sphere of use of the German language was becoming wider, embracing more and more segments of administration, education, and culture. On the other hand, the authorities were perfectly aware of the fact that communication in the languages and vernaculars of the nationalities living in the Austrian Monarchy was one of the principal instruments of spreading decrees and announcements from the central and local authorities to the less-educated strata of the population. Consequently, a large-scale reform of primary education was launched, aimed at making the whole population literate, regardless of social status, nationality (mother tongue), or confession. In parallel with the centrally coordinated state policy of education and language-use, subjects-both language experts and amateur polyglots-joined the process of writing grammar books, which were intended to ease communication between the different nationalities of the Habsburg lands. This article considers some examples of such editions with primary attention given to the correlation between private initiative and governmental policies, mechanisms of verifying the textbooks to be published, their content, and their potential readers. This paper demonstrates that for grammar-book authors, it was very important to be integrated into the patronage networks at the court and in administrative bodies and stresses that the Vienna court controlled the process of selection and financing of grammar books to be published depending on their quality and ability to satisfy the aims and goals of state policy.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НЕОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОМОВНОГО МЕДІЙНОГО ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ДИСКУРСУ

The investigation provides a thorough analysis of neologisms in the political discourse, reveals the peculiarities of their creation and use on the basis of British newspaper articles and audio / video materials of TV news. The peculiarities of the language of media political discourse were revealed, the expediency of using neologisms in mass media texts, their structural and semantic models were substantiated.The efficiency of coining new words by affixation, word formation, conversion, telescopy is confirmed. It has been proved that political neologisms most often perform word-forming, nominative and emotive functions. The use of neologisms for the nomination of socially significant concepts of politics, power and global current problems are revealed. Lexical-semantic groups of political neologisms have been singled out, the most numerous of which are groups to denote people – participants of communication, political processes, parties and associations. The analysis of modern media text at the lexical level allowed us to trace the main trends in enlarging the vocabulary of the media, reveal the links of neologisms with thematic and genre-style peculiarities of texts in which words and phrases function in their new meanings. It has been proven that modern mass media have been enlarged significantly by neologisms with positive and negative connotations as well as derived words formed from borrowed bases to denote new realities, particularly in political discourse. It has been found out that new words have a greater semantic capacity compared to similar counterparts in the language, in addition, they play a special stylistic role in the text – pun. The analysis of statements of various politicians has made it possible to explore the features of political culture and consciousness of a particular social group. Among the lexical means of creating political neologisms, it is worth noting the use of numerous repetitions, appeals to the readers’ or viewers’ audience. Political neologisms have been studied according to the following criteria: belonging to a certain class (lexical, phraseological and semantic), sources of origin (The Guardian, The Times, audio / video materials CNN News, BBC News), method of creation (affixation, composition, conversion, reduction, telescope, abbreviation, acronym, borrowing), word-forming potential (productive, non-productive, author’s), connotation (positive, negative, neutral), frequency of use (absolute, relative), thematic sphere of use (power, politics, state, society, people, law, democracy, integration, global problems of today).

FEATURES OF USE OF THERMAL IMAGER ON UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

The article explains the features of the use of thermal imagers for military intelligence is no longer news, and but when applying them to the unmanned aerial vehicle, there are many features, for example, the conditions of location on board, vibration from the motor, lighting, background noise. This article is devoted to the review of spheres of use of drones and recommended designs. The main initial task is to determine the design of the drone, depending on its purpose: type multicopter or glider. The actual problem is improving the output parameters of thermal imaging cameras. Special technologies will enhance the quality of the manufacture of uncooled microbolometers. To improve the physical characteristics of the camera lens, chemical compounds from several materials are used, for example, lenses from Ge-Sb-Se and enlightenment coatings. An overview of analogue devices gives reason to believe that in order to improve the minimum resolution temperature difference, it is necessary to use more light-weight lenses and to coordinate them with microbolometer matrices. The article gives a comparative description of the basic ready-made solutions of thermal imaging modules that can be used on an unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as a method of estimating the image quality by calculating the minimum effective temperature difference. The results show that considered analogs of thermal imaging modules suggest that in addition to matching the parameters of the microbolometric matrix and the lens plays a big role software, namely algorithms for processing the flow of frames to stabilize the image. In conclusion, the author describes the obtained physico-mathematical model of the thermal imager, which is located on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and ways of controlling the most important output parameters of thermal imagers: spatial and temperature resolution, minimum resolution of temperature difference

Conflicting discourses on language rights in the Basque Autonomous Community

The handling of linguistic diversity in the Basque Autonomous Community has been an area of constant political debate since the establishment of the Basque–Spanish co-official linguistic regime and the introduction of a process to revitalize Euskara (the Basque language) in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Much of that debate has materialized in claims related to the language rights of citizens. This paper analyzes discourses about language rights in three political organizations, the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), the Abertzale Left (Ezker Abertzalea), and the Popular Party (PP), through an analysis of their electoral programs for the Basque Parliament from the first elections to the present day (1980–2016). Although the linguistic system of the Basque Autonomous Community seems consolidated, the analysis has shown that policy proposals are profoundly conditioned by the form of understanding language rights and that these in turn are influenced by distinct national projects. EAJ-PNV advocates for an effective equal opportunity to choose between Spanish and Basque in all spheres of use, motivated by its ethnocultural conception of the Basque Nation. The Ezker Abertzalea demands the right to live in Basque throughout the Basque Country with Basque as the common language of its plurilingual state project. The PP focuses on the negative side of language rights based on the common language status of Spanish and the right of citizens to remain monolingual in Spanish.

Методологічні основи підготовки нормативів плати за спеціальне використання ресурсів мисливських угідь державних підприємств лісового господарства

Ведення мисливського господарства є невід'ємною складовою частиною суспільного використання природних ресурсів. Це особлива галузь, що розвивалася одночасно із розвитком людини. Її вклад у сучасний стан людства важко переоцінити. Хоча самі тлумачення понять "мисливства", "полювання", "добування" давно змінили свою первозданну сутність та значення й у розвиненій цивілізованій системі еколого-економічних відносин переросли у поняття "ведення мисливського господарства". Це комплексний, складний, науковий підхід до охорони, відтворення та невиснажливого, раціонального користування ресурсами мисливських угідь і тварин. Ведення мисливського господарства мають провадити люди, що дійсно люблять природу і є спеціалістами своєї справи. При цьому особливу роль відводять державному регулюванню через відповідні важелі стимулювання раціонального ведення мисливського господарства. Одним з таких важелів має стати дієвий механізм справляння плати за спеціальне використання ресурсів мисливських угідь. У роботі досліджено підходи до визначення плати за спеціальне використання мисливських угідь та самого механізму справляння плати. Відзначено основні умови дієвості запропонованої методики та її недоліки. Запропоновано більш універсальну методику, яка є простішою для розрахунків та менш часозатратною.

SEARCH FOR BEST PRACTICES IN MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION (DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILINGUAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS)

Despite the fact that in 2008 in the Kyrgyz Republic was adopted the Concept of multilingual and multicultural education, in 2014 was adopted the National Program for the Development of the State Language and improving the language policy in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2014-2020, there are currently no cardinal changes in expanding the spheres of use of the state language, primarily in public administration, paperwork and professional communication, as well as in higher education. Kyrgyz language insufficiently applied in the fields of economics, education, science and in the training of specialists.

Modelo didático do gênero artigo científico: um contributo para o ensino do Português como Língua Adicional

In this paper, we present a didactic model of the genre ‘scientific article’, which intends to guide the work of teachers of Portuguese as an Additional Language in the Portuguese academic context. To this end, we perform a descriptive analysis of ten texts that fall into the genre in question, followed by the didactic model, in which we systematize the social, contextual and compositional characteristics of the scientific article. Our approach is based on the theoretical framework of Sociodiscursive Interactionism (Bronckart, [1997]1999) and on the principles of Didactics of Genres (Dolz & Schneuwly, 2004). This work aims to highlight the importance of developing didatization devices that allow the appropriation of academic genres, such as the scientific article, and it also demonstrates that the use of genres in the teaching of Portuguese as Additional Language promotes the learning of this language as far as its different spheres of use are concerned.

Podstawy prawne wykonywania kontroli w zakresie wykorzystania i ochrony zwierząt na Ukrainie

The article is devoted to the legal bases for control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world. legislative support of environmental control in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife was considered. Th system and powers of state authorities and bodies of local self-government concerning the implementation of the control function in the field of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world were investigated. On the basis of the analysis of legal literature and legislation of Ukraine, the peculiarities of legal regulation of control in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife were singled out, the classifiation of environmental control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world by subjects of its implementation and the areas of the use of animal objects has been made. Particular attention was paid to the implementation of control in the field of fisheries as one of the types of agricultural production. It was concluded that control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife is one of the most important functions of the state in ensuring the right to an environment that is safe for life and health and compensation for damage caused by violation of this right, stipulated in Art. 50 of the constitution of Ukraine. Proper regulation of control activities in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife can become a guarantee of observance of the norms of the current legislation, and substantially balance the relationship between the subject and the object of control.

Metrological Support of Measurements Tension Power Cables

In the article the sphere of use of tension of ropes and cables in buildings and structures is considered.
 The methods of measurements are analyzed and examples of devices for measuring tension power cables.
 The results of calibration of devices on a special stand are given.
 The information on the scientific and practical seminar devoted to the issues of the influence of an effective system of control of the tension of cables on the parameters of the safety of structures and structures is given.

Implementation of the Vector Vorticity Dynamical Core on Cubed Sphere for Use in the Quasi‐3‐D Multiscale Modeling Framework

AbstractThe dynamical core that predicts the three‐dimensional vorticity rather than the momentum, which is called Vector‐Vorticity Model (VVM), is implemented on a cubed sphere. Its horizontal coordinate system is not restricted to orthogonal, while the vertical coordinate is orthogonal to the horizontal surface. Accordingly, all the governing equations of the VVM, which are originally developed with Cartesian coordinates, are rewritten in terms of general curvilinear coordinates. The local coordinates on each cube surface are constructed with the gnomonic equiangular projection. Using global channel domains, the VVM on the cubed sphere has been evaluated by (1) advecting a passive tracer with a bell‐shaped initial perturbation along an east‐west latitude circle and along a north‐south meridional circle and (2) simulating the evolution of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The simulated results with the cubed‐sphere grids are compared to analytic solutions or those with the regular longitude‐latitude grids. The convergence with increasing spatial resolution is also quantified using standard error norms. The comparison shows that the solutions with the cubed‐sphere grids are quite reasonable for both linear and nonlinear problems when high resolutions are used. With coarse resolution, degeneracy appears in the solutions of the nonlinear problems such as spurious wave growth; however, it is effectively reduced with increased resolution. Based on the encouraging results in this study, we intend to use this model as the cloud‐resolving component in a global Quasi‐Three‐Dimensional Multiscale Modeling Framework.

The Issue of Bilingualism in Ukraine: Sociocultural Aspect

언어 상황에 관한 연구는 언어 정책의 개발과 시행에 반드시 필요한 전제조건이다. 오랫동안 나라가 존재하지 않는 상황에 처해 있던 우크라이나에서는 많은 부분에서 언어 상황의 변화가 이루어졌기 때문에 이에 대한 연구의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 우크라이나에서 나타나는 현대 언어 상황의 특징은 다양한 형태의 우크라이나어-러시아어 이중언어와 더불어 우크라이나어와 러시아어가 두 언어영역에서 공존한다는 것이다. 우크라이나어-러시아어 이중 언어는 우크라이나가 역사적으로 독재 전제군주제와 공산주의로 이어 지는 러시아제국에 편입되었던 시기에 발전하였다. 러시아제국은 그들이 지배하던 모든 영토에 거주하던 비러시아국민들을 대상으로 언어 및 문화 동화정책을 강제적으로 시행하였다. 우크라이나어는 동슬 라브어에 속하기 때문에 러시아화에 대한 압박이 더욱 강했다. 결과적으로, 우크라이나는 상당히 왜곡된 언어 상황을 지닌 채로 독립을 맞이하였다. 이전 제국에서 널리 사용되었던 러시아어는 우크 라니아의 광대한 영역에서, 특히 대규모 산업 중심지에서 우크라이나 어를 대신했다. 우크라이나어를 사용하는 지역은 우크라이나 동부와 남부, 그리고 이보다는 덜하지만 중부 지역으로 제한적이다. 우크라이 나의 영토는 (언어의) 동질성과는 거리가 멀다. 우크라이나어의 사용 감소와 러시아어의 강력한 간섭으로 인해 우크라이나에는 소위 수르 지크(surzhyk)라고 하는 일상언어 형태로서의 우크라이나어-러시아어 혼합 언어가 발생했다.The studies on language situation make a necessary precondition for language policy elaboration and implementation. In Ukraine there studies have been gaining more importance because during long historical period of statelessness the language situation in Ukraine underwent considerable deformations. A characteristic feature of contemporary language situation in Ukraine is a coexistence on its territory of two languages, Ukrainian and Russian, along with various forms of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism developed during the preceding historical period when Ukraine was incorporated into the Russian empire in its two forms, autocratic tsarism and communism. On all of its territories the Russian empire inculcated a forced language and cultural assimilation policy towards the non-Russian population. Ukrainians were exposed to even greater pressure of Russification due to their language belonging to the Eastern Slavic language group. Consequently, Ukraine came to its independence with a considerably distorted language situation. Russian as a language spread throughout the former empire ousted the national language on the vast territory of Ukraine, primary in the large industrial centers. Ukrainian-speaking communities in the Eastern and Southern regions of the country and to a lesser extent in the Central regions are limited to rural localities. The territory of Ukraine is far from being homogeneous. Narrowing down the spheres of use the Ukrainian language and the strong interferential influence of Russian have led to the emergence of the hybrid of Ukrainian-Russian forms of the everyday language known as surzhyk.

East Syriac Literary Life in the mid-16th Century: ‘Abdīšō‘ of Gāzartā and Older Contemporary Poets

The article discusses the East Syriac literary circle of the of the early Ottoman Empire period. Its most important representative is ʿAbdīsōʿ of Gāzartā, the second patriarch of the new Church (1555–1570), and also an outstanding poet, whose legacy remains to a large extent unstudied, though. Even less is known about the works of his contemporaries, such as Darwīs of Gāzartā, Abrāhām of Bēt Slōk and ʿAṭāyā of Gāzartā. They communicated with him, and devoted his poems at least to the first two of them, despite their belonging to the traditionalist (“Nestorian”) patriarchate. Based on the texts and manuscripts unknown before, the paper shows in the article that the literary circle of that period was determined not by the Church affiliation, but rather geographically. ʿAbdīsōʿ as well as the poets he communicated with originated from the town of Gāzartā (North Mesopotamia, present Turkey) or from its neighbourhood, and some of them might have been his relatives. As a result of the long coexistence with Persian and Arabic Islamic culture, the sphere of use of poetry in the Syriac tradition was expanding in the next centuries. Its further development in the 16th century is one of numerous examples of wide use of the literary canons created in the period of so-called Syriac Renaissance (11th –14th centuries). In the Ottoman time, the extension of poetry use reached its apogee, taking into consideration also numerous short poems written by the scribes as verse additions to various manuscripts.

КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ МЕБЛЕВИХ ЩИТІВ В НОРМАТИВНИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ

A detailed analysis of regulatory documents for furniture panels was made. The regulatory framework for furniture panels was analyzed, in particular the following documents: DSTU EN 12775:2004. Wooden shields. Classification and terminology (EN 12775:2001, IDT), DSTU EN 13017-1:2004, DSTU EN 13017-2:2004, DSTU EN 13354:2009, DSTU EN 14080:2013. It was found that the quality of furniture boards is determined according to DIN EN 13017-1:2000 (DSTU EN 13017-1:2004 – for softwoods) and DIN EN 13017-2:2000 (DSTU EN 13017-2:2004 – for hardwoods ). Furniture boards made of softwood are divided into 5 classes of surface quality (0, A, B, C, S), hardwood - into 3 classes (A, B, C). Quality is determined by the best side, and when marking, two sides are indicated - front and back (for example, A/B). It was determined that the most common defects that affect the quality of furniture boards are knots, cracks, skewness and others that are classified according to DSTU 2152-93 and measured according to EN 1310:1997 (DSTU EN1310:2005). The spheres of use of furniture boards are established, which are classified according to EN 13353:2008 into 3 classes: SWP1 (in dry conditions): SWP2 (in wet conditions): SWP3 (in atmospheric conditions). The main types of furniture panel designs produced by domestic and European enterprises are analyzed. It has been established that on the market of Ukraine, the most common recommendations for the manufacture of a furniture panel are the following species: oak, beech, ash and pine with the following most typical dimensions for the dimensions of this panel material: thickness 18, 20, 28, 30 and 40 mm, width - 300 , 600, 900 and 1200 mm and 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mm long. It is planned to carry out a more in-depth analysis of the study of the change in shape of single-layer wooden shields of 5 thicknesses (18, 23, 30, 37 and 42 mm) with the widths of sections of lamellas of 20, 32, 50, 68 and 80 mm, and the lengths of these sections — 150, 322, 575, 828 and 1000 (solid-lamella shield) mm, when they are affected by temperature and humidity factors.

Key marketing tools formation and application in business management

The key marketing tools in business management have been identified. It has been proven that marketing plays an extremely important role in providing the effectiveness of enterprises’ functioning. Marketing has been considered as an activity which is aimed at identification and satisfaction of consumers’ needs. It has been stated that the rational use and combination of marketing tools form an important prerequisite for the sustainable and effective functioning of business subject. The key marketing tools have been defined and grouped according to their spheres of use. Three main groups of marketing tools have been proposed: market and environment of functioning analysis tools; tools for formation of activity strategy; formation of a communication policy tools. The brief description of the main marketing tools has been provided. The importance of the rational and efficient use and combination of marketing tools has been proven.

ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО СТИЛЯ

The article considers the religious functional style that is new for the modern Russian language from the standpoint of its language features, which are one of the most important characteristics (along with the sphere of use, purpose, genre singularity). They make it possible to differentiate the functional style as an independent functional variant of the modern Russian literary language. Understanding the language features of a particular functional style allows a speaker to construct communication process more precisely and effectively. The work analyzes and summarizes the phonetic, lexical, grammatical features inherent in the religious style. The theoretical material is illustrated by examples from religious texts.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The article considers the problems of the development of the industrial Internet of things in the Republic of Belarus as one of the system-forming technologies in the industrial sector. Based on the analysis of terminological features of the Internet of things, the concept and main characteristics of the industrial Internet of things are revealed. The economic consequences of using this technology in industrial production are shown. The formation and development of the Internet market of things in the Republic of Belarus in the context of its infrastructure component, spheres of use, main producers and consumers is considered. The factors preventing the wider use of the Internet of things in the industry of Belarus, and the development prospects of the market under consideration are revealed.

STRESS-TESTING OF COMPLEX RISKS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM, AS AN INSTRUMENT OF STATE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT

In the article the basic methods of crisis management of financial activity of banks are investigated. The constituent elements for the development of the program of financial rehabilitation of Ukrainian banks under the state anti-crisis management have been identified. The typology of stress-testing according to the functional orientation (sphere of use) is described. The types of stress-testing of risks in the banking system, as an instrument of state crisis management, are described. The basic methods of stress testing in the banking system as a tool of state crisis management are offered. The emphasis is on the factors in which stress testing is effective. Determined that the criteria for a successful exit from the crisis of the banking institutions, in addition to these results can be considered the use of certain methods of crisis management financing activities Bank: stop outflow of customers; creation of sufficient reserve of liquid assets; Achieving an optimal balance between assets and liabilities by maturity; reaching an agreement on restructuring with all or an absolute majority of creditors; absence of arrears of the bank before contractors; positive tendencies in returning debts by borrowers, increase of share of standard loans; stable tendency to reduce losses and subsequently — increase of the level of profitability of work; raising capitalization with a sufficient buffer of capital in the event of stress events and a steady excess of regulatory capital over statutory; stabilization of the management at the level of government and key units; closure of unprofitable or unpredictable and long-term business development projects of the bank; completion of the restructuring of the bank's affiliate network.