Sphere Of Communication Research Articles

Религиозный стиль как система жанров (Рец. на кн.: Ицкович Т. В. Жанровая система религиозного стиля [Текст] : монография / Т. В. Ицкович. – М. : ФЛИНТА, 2021. – 400 с.)

The review is a response to the publication of T. V. Itskovich’s monograph “Genre system of the religious style”. The author of the book presents an original view on the functional religious style as a system of genres and gives its multidimensional description. The relevance of the research is justified by the need for a comprehensive linguistic study of the religious style as part of the paradigm of functional varieties of the modern Russian literary language and the classification of genres of the religious style on a single basis. In the monograph, its author, basing on an integrated approach which combines communicative-pragmatic and categorical-textual aspects of the study of religious texts, taking into account the cultural-historical and textual genesis of religious genres, establishes the constructive principle of the religious style, gives a scientific description of the system of religious genres and its proto-genre basis, reveals the compositional-thematic and speech originality of religious genre types and their varieties as well as the core and periphery of the genre field of religious style. The study is based on the texts of the liturgical and non-liturgical spheres of Orthodox religious communication in Russian and Church Slavonic, selected by the author on the basis of the tradition of their use in the religious activities of the Church and the individual as well as the frequency of their use in modern religious communication.

FORMATION MODEL OF PERSIAN SPEAKING COMPETENCE IN INTERPRETERS’ DIALOGUES IN THE SPHERE OF SAFEGUARDING OF STATE SECURITY

The article defines the purpose creation of a linguistic didactic model, which consists in outlining the logical sequence of educational actions of the teacher and cadets, which correspond to the developed system of exercises. Six content modules for performing preparatory exercises are outlined, independent preparation for dialogic speech using the Case study method, actual practice in dialogic speech using the role-play method; each cycle is dedicated to teaching one type of dialogue – questioning, agreement, discussion, which forms Persian speaking competence and dialogical speech of future interpreters in the field of ensuring state security. The goals of training and the professional sphere of communication of such specialists are determined, where the following functional types of dialogues are mainly used: dialoguequestioning, dialogue-arrangement, dialogue-discussion. The content of modules is described: International partnership and state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of safeguarding of state security, Ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, interests of society and the state, Intelligence and information protection, Combating terrorism, Protection of national statehood and national interests, Pre-trial investigations. The work of the cadets is planned, divided into classroom and independent work. Two variants of the training model are proposed, which differ in the preliminary cooperation of cadets in preparation for dialogic speech.

TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

This article presents an overview of the models developed by researchers for the visual representation of a complex and multidimensional communicative process, which reflect the most essential elements of the real communication process, the views of scientists on the communication process, as well as the most pressing problems that attracted their attention at one time or another. According to the author, at present, due to the development and active introduction of electronic and digital communication technologies into communication processes, the key components of communication models have been significantly transformed, and their functional purpose has changed significantly. In this regard, considerable attention is paid in the article to the vectors of the indicated transformation, among which is the qualitative expansion of the sphere of social communication, the change in the way information is transmitted and such elements of the communicative process as the communicator – audience. The article presents the author's interpretation of the transformation of the H. Lasswell model in the digital age. The author believes that when transporting a message with information, in addition to the physical medium of distribution (air, computer network, etc.), the distribution structure, which is increasingly acquiring a network character, has a great importance on efficiency. In the case of a network structure for the distribution of a message with information and the simultaneous receipt of a message with information by a large number of recipients, the "time of interest" of the recipients to the incoming information is of great importance. The article analyzes new properties characteristic of digital communications. Thus, the source of information (communicator) in the digital era may be unknown, the message sent by the communicator in the digital era may be adjusted according to the recipient, communication channels in the digital era can also be adjusted to a specific user, the number of information sources for the recipient in the digital era increases significantly, but in practice the recipient of information turns to a limited number of sources, when at the same time, believing that he has full freedom of access to information. The most important feature of the communication effect in the digital age is that in the conditions of rapid development of virtual social networks, the recipient himself can be a source of mass information. Thus, the development of digital technologies and network communication structures, although it is an important vector of transformation of the communication structure of society in the digital age, has ambiguous consequences for the development of society

Особенности функционирования французского языка в штате США Луизиана

The research aims to determine the functioning of the French language in various spheres of communication in Louisiana, which implies providing a description of the linguistic situation of this region developed both during the settlement of the territory of the state and at the present stage. The study of the once French-speaking state of the USA is of great interest to sociolinguists due to the functioning of different languages both in the spheres of communication regulated by the government and in non-business communication. The analysis of the linguistic situation in Louisiana at the present stage is preceded in the paper by a brief digression into the history of colonisation of this territory, which allows the researcher to identify historical factors that have determined the complexity of the current ethnic composition of the multinational state. Scientific novelty of the research lies in using historical data, federal and state language legislation and language policy, as a result of which, it was possible to identify the features of the French language use in the former French colony that became a US state, as well as to determine the possibilities of preserving the mother tongue of the native-born Louisianans.

POST-TRUTH AS A COMMUNICATIVE TREND OF MODERNITY

The phenomenon of post-truthasan imperative element of the communicative system of today has been investigated through the means of analytical, comparative and extrapolative methodology. The risks of avalanche-like growth of information pressure and the challenges of this trend against modern society have been interpreted. The causal relationships of post-truth as a communicative trend of modernity have been analyzed. Specific features of linguistic resources that shape the environment of ontological and instrumental prerequisites for the emergence of post-truth and the further formation of the functional expansionism of this phenomenon have been identified. The need to form a conventionally agreed content array that represents the essential features of post-truth and expresses its subject field has been substantiated. The need to prioritize raising the level of communicative culture as a necessary prerequisite for avoiding abuses in the field of communicative exchange and manupulations by mass consciousness due to parasitism on linguistic and communicative resources has been conceptualized. Keywords: Post-truth, communication sphere, relationships of cause and effect, postmodern era, informational pressing, criterial relativism.

Analytical review of methods for automatic detection of user engagement in virtual communication

Introduction: The solution of the task of the recognition and assessment of user engagement in the acts of human-machine interaction or telecommunication, achieved through the use of automatic means, is highly important in computer recognition of human psycho-emotional states. This is necessary for e-learning, business and entertainment applications design. Purpose: To conduct a comparative analysis of the current information support in the field of automatic recognition and assessment of user involvement in human-machine interaction or virtual communication, as well as to establish a methodology for building a data body based on the idea of multimodal communication. Results: The conducted analysis of research papers has shown that in most existing databases there is a substantial lack of data for natural online communication. Moreover, not all databases contain different modalities in “human-machine-human” communication system. Text and audio modalities turn out to be important for a multilevel engagement classification task, aimed at the determination of engagement intensity. It is also promising to take into account “body language” features, such as facial expressions, movements of the body and the head, gestures. For the correct assessment of involvement, an engagement database must contain meta-data on the psycho-emotional states of communicants. Neural network-based approaches to the automatic detection of user engagement show the best performance. Practical relevance: Based on the obtained analytical conclusions, the authors of the paper are going to elaborate an original software system for automatic recognition of user engagement, and to collect a data set for machine learning purposes. The presented review formulates basic requirements for such systems and contributes to the solution of the problem of automatic recognition of psycho-emotional states. Discussion: The survey leads to the conclusion that the notion of engagement as understood in studies on automatic emotion recognition differs from that used in psychology. User (or communicant) engagement in terms of info- and communicative sphere implies the manifestation of a person's mental activity level (emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components) changing dynamically while interacting with another person or computer system.

CHANGES IN SOCIAL COHESION IN THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN SOCIETY

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of crisis conditions in society, in particular the war and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the development of social cohesion of the university community in Ukraine using the Social Cohesion Radar research tool. The study was conducted according to the methodology proposed by the Social Cohesion Radar (Bertelsmann Foundation), which helped to interpret a set of questionnaires received in 2019-2022 in the community of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University (NPDU), Ukraine. The findings showed that the level of cohesion varies moderately by spheres and their size. Some tend to increase and some, on the contrary, to decrease. People's acceptance of diversity increased during the pandemic and decreased in both surveys in 2022, and trust in people has a steady upward trend, but the importance of social ties decreases somewhat in crisis conditions, given its growth in non-crisis times. The sphere of communication and its volume have significantly decreased, reflecting a decrease in trust in institutions, identification with them and perception of fair treatment during the pandemic, with these dimensions characterized by uneven changes in non-war and war periods in 2022. The connection with the place of work and study also decreases. This may be due to distance learning and working during certain periods in 2020 and in the wartime period of 2022. Orientation towards the common good increases with a slight decline in the military period of 2022. It is noteworthy that civic participation increases in times of crisis. According to the above data, there is an increase in some areas, and it can be said that cohesion slightly increases depending on the area, the group studied and the crisis period. The study showed changes in social stability and communications in the university community of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University due to the impact of crisis conditions, in particular, war or pandemic. This study provides an understanding of the values of trust and social cohesion as key drivers of social behavior in different situations of social challenges, including the challenges of the war in Ukraine and the pandemic. These results can be used to study the resilience of Ukrainian society, to find the main directions and foundations of social stability.

Теорія вартості як надбання економічної науки: витоки політичної економії у широкому сенсі

The emergence of a new reality as Information Society and Network Economics has marked the beginning of global market transformations. Such transformations are conditioned by the latest technological advances and innovations in the sphere of information and communication but at their core, they involve the need for creative thinking about the new socio-economic picture of the world. An adequate response to the vital social demand is the formation of a relativistic economic theory. The logic of the Middle Way, as a classical institutional direction, is called upon today to form political economy in a broad sense through the economic value theory. The ideas about the subject and method of political economy in the in the broad sense as the theory of socio-economic relativity were substantiation updated in the works of K. Marx and F. Engels. However, the methodological foundations of positive relativism had been originally laid down in the science of economic and crystallized in the depths of its classical current. In the light of the classical value approach, the theories of Marxism and Neoclassical synthesis claiming to be the main ideological theories, were turned out to be marginal. The evolution of politic-economic orders of social life is value-conditioned. Its scientific comprehension as a historical process of the formation of value and price, deployment of a value genetic code (institutional constitution), that is, the architectonics of an economic system, is the lot of political economy in a broad sense. Accordingly, positively relativistic political economy in the narrow sense reflects the completeness of the value comprehension of the mission of public choice at each of the basic stages in the process of historical deployment of the being of institutional architectonics. Aristotelian creative insights associated with the recognition of the triple nature of economic value, the institutional architectonics of management, designed to shape the benchmarks for a virtuous social life, represent the core of genuine European values. Consistent value based analysis necessarily leads economic science to clarify the essence and laws of economic harmony, which is the equilibrium functioning and sustainable development of economic systems.

THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES OF THE FORMATION OF THE BASIS OF READING COMPETENCE OF YOUNGER SCHOOL STUDENTS

The article reveals the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the foundations of reading competence of younger schoolchildren through involvement in reading activities. The logical sequence of concepts is singled out: reading ‒ reading activity ‒ reading competence. The essence of reading is proved; it consists of an attempt to connect reading with reading activity and its results ‒ readiness to read a book independently and the ability to use the acquired knowledge for one’s own purposes. It has been established that becoming a reader, interest in books is born through knowledge of books and actions with them, reluctance to read can be provoked by learning itself. The definition of “reading activity”, which has an indisputable value as a universal human value, as work and creativity, as an opportunity for the comprehensive development of the personality of a junior high school student, has been revealed. Considering reading activity as a system of purposeful and motivated actions, we believe that it should be motivated by adequate motives directly related to its content. It is assumed that the formed foundations of the reading competence of younger schoolchildren can be achieved by developing the specified reading skills and knowledge, but not at the expense of extensive methods, but as a result of pedagogical modeling, the development of special technologies for teaching reading, developing personal-value, information-communicative and educational-cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren. The following components of reading activity are distinguished: the motivational sphere, the cognitive basis of the reading process, the content aspect of reading, the communicative sphere, the informational basis as the ability to use literary terms, the emotional and aesthetic basis of reading. The concept of “reading activity” and “reading competence” was compared. We connect the prospects of further research with solving the issues of formation of such reading competences of junior high school students, such as the competence of personal self-improvement, cultural and social competences, with the development of technology for training teachers for the formation of reading competence of junior high school students and the technology of continuity between the initial and basic stages of the educational process.
 Keywords: prerequisites; formation; reading competence; younger schoolchildren; reading activity; reading; primary education; reading skills; reader.

International law in the age of digital media: Reflections on history, the neoliberal communication sphere, and race

International law in the age of digital media: Reflections on history, the neoliberal communication sphere, and race

ABOUT THE FORMS OF THE KAZAKH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES’ EXISTENCE IN THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION OF THE AKTOBE REGION

The article is devoted to one of the unexplored in the sciolinguistic aspect of the problem of the forms of existence of the Kazakh and Russian languages in the communicative space of the Aktobe region. The idea and objectives of our research are to identify the functioning and use of the literary language, dialect and dialect forms of existence of the dominant languages: Kazakh as the state and autochthonous language and Russian as the language of interethnic communication. In the proposed article we describe the linguistic situation of the region, the forms of existence of the Kazakh and Russian languages and their use in mass media, domestic communication, the definition of the functioning of dialects in the speech of the Russian population, their content is revealed on the basis of theoretical provisions on the form of the existence of languages. The authors are particularly interested in the functioning of the dialect form of the Russian language among the population and their diversity. The object of the study is the literary, dialect, spoken forms of the Kazakh and Russian languages, the subject of the study is the functioning of the listed forms of the existence of languages in various spheres of communication. To achieve this goal, we studied theoretical materials, analyzed the main provisions on the language situation as a central problem of sociolinguistics and the form of the existence of languages as a qualitative feature of the language situation and made theoretical conclusions that formed the basis of the practical part of the article. The theoretical and practical significance of this research is that the results obtained can be used in the preparation of theoretical courses in sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, dialectology. Also, this study and its results can be used in regulating the linguistic and ethno-linguistic situations of the regions of the country.

Technological Support for the Cultural Training System for Students at Technical Universities

The paper studies the trends of higher technical education development and establishes the relationship between education and culture as one of the conditions for solving the problems of modern society. The authors determine that one of the main problems that hinder the formation of the culture of the future engineer is the lack of a reasonable selection of cultural elements. The presence of such elements ensures the full development of the specialist. The most generalized socio-cultural components of culture are (1) the sphere of material production, (2) the cultural sphere, and (3) the sphere of communication. The authors determine the components of the culturological training content as the implementation of the support system of the integrated professional, universal cultural, and moral cultural development of technical university students. It is experimentally proved that the implementation of a cultural training system of a future engineer leads to statistically significant changes in the levels of knowledge acquisition, the formation of skills and qualities of a future specialist.

CROSS-CULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF PROVENCE DAILY ROUTINE IN THE NOVEL"A YEAR IN PROVENCE" BY PETER MAYLE

The article deals with the problem of cross-cultural analysis of the features of the Provence daily routine on the material of the novel "A Year in Provence" by P. Mayle. In modern literary discourse there is no clear and unambiguous definition of the concept of everyday life, so this problem is relevant to modern literary criticism. The peculiarities of perception of foreign everyday life are not only the sphere of intercultural communication, but also an interesting object of literary studies. The national comparative literature studies have shown the growing interest to the problem of investigating the features of literary interpretation of mentality and everyday practices in works of foreign literature, involving the methodology of cross-cultural analysis only in the last decade. In his novel "A Year in Provence", P. Mayle creates a unique combination of a travel novel and a description of the Provence life through the interpretation of an emigrant who came there from England. The peculiarities of the daily routine of the locals contrast sharply with the cultures of the tourists who visit it. The cultural differences that are revealed in the everyday things of the characters vividly demonstrate specific features of their mentality and their national worldview. An interesting depiction and constant commentary on traditional daily activities, food preferences, attitudes to time, work and people in comparison with the customs of other cultures allows the reader to form an unbiased attitude to the lifestyle of not only the French but also the English, Germans, Swiss and other nation representatives. The author draws attention to the strengths and weaknesses of the life of the Provence people. He also remains objective in presenting comparative characteristics of different spheres of life of the French and other cultures.

SYSTEM OF VALUES IN THE LANGUAGE OF MODERN UKRAINIAN TEENAGER

Introduction. Comparison of the results of mass surveys in 2006 and 2017 shows the dynamics of the language situation in Ukraine due to the change of views on the function and usage of language itself. These changes give grounds for the conclusion about the “lag” of language policy measures from the attitudes of society, especially in the introduction of language regime in schools, the mandatory use of the Ukrainian language as official one in extracurricular activities, the possession of it by all teachers and heads of Ukrainian educational establishments.Purpose. To reveal the means of the realization of values in the language of modern Ukrainian teenager.Methods. The research is based on the analysis of adolescents' comments to the open questions of the sociolinguistic questionnaire, which they filled in personally during the targeted survey: the questionnaire surveys were conducted in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Bila Tserkva, Poltava,Cherkasy in the spring of 2014; 500 questionnaires were collected.Results. Analysis of the responses of adolescents shows that their attitude to the language is determined by common stereotypes in the public consciousness and that this attitude almost does not affect their speech behavior, which is determined, at the formal level, by school rules, and at informal – by generally accepted in the adolescent behavioral models. In the linguistic world-image of modern Ukrainian teenagers, native language concept is divided mainly into three components, namely: 1) the official language (the language of the state teenager lives in); 2) the language of the nation, historical and cultural heritage; 3) the language of family communication. Compared to adult speakers, teenagers do not correlate the concept of their native language with the functional first language.In the linguistic consciousness of adolescents, “native language” concept is often layered on the concept of “state language”. At the same time, teenagers express arguments that certify a tolerant attitude to linguistic diversity and understanding of the need to distinguish between the spheres of public and private communication. The attitude to language as one of the most important characteristics of the individual is common.The understanding of “native language” and “state language” concepts became clear when high school students answered the question about their linguistic rights in school.Conclusion. Language in the minds of young people refers to the undeniable values of individual and collective nature. In their own language behavior, students clearly distinguish official and unofficial styles of using their vocabulary.

ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЯ І ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ МОВНОГО РОЗМАЇТТЯ

Globalization modernizes developed national languages, but accelerates the decline of «small» languages. The number of the latter is decreasing dangerously, and at an increasingly rapid pace. Оf the current 7,000 languages, the vast majority will not survive to the end of the 21st century. 150–200 languages (2–3% of the total) have a secure future. Among other things, languages fall into decay because they do not fulfil all the functions a standard language should fulfil. They are displaced from significant spheres of communication by more powerful languages. The less a language serves the socially significant spheres, the less often it is used, the faster it depreciates and decays. The traditional parameters of language vitality (number of speakers, the presence of writing and state status, standardization, areas of use, economic power) are now joined by another one — the presence of the language in the computer environment, its digital equipment. According to this criterion, languages are divided into three groups: 1) languages that have made the digital leap; 2) languages that have shown digital potential; 3) languages that have not overcome the digital threshold. Hence, their prospects in the 21st are evident. The greatest hopes for the preservation of the linguistic diversity are associated with the progress of machine translation technology. In the future, it will assume the function of an international language: enabling written and oral interaction of everyone with everyone without the need to know each other’s language. Improved machine translation is not only a convenience for speakers, but also a way to support multilingualism, a chance to preserve the numerous national languages. It can be expected that thanks to machine translation, the competition of languages for spheres of use will sharply weaken, instead their co-evolution will begin, that is, parallel, conflict-free development.

Протестный медиа-активизм в современной России и перспективы его развития

The article attempts to study protest media activism in modern Russia, taking into account the manifestation of its new forms, such as online rallies, as well as an analysis of the prospects for its further application in the protest practice of modern Russia. The conclusion is made about the ambiguity of the use of new media technologies to consolidate the protest potential of the Russian society, which is associated with the presence of trends in the growth of the Internet users and the increase in state control over the sphere of public communications on the Internet.

Formation of Dependent Communication Regime of Ukraine: United States Impact

The article is devoted to the issues of the influence of external actors on country communication modes and their dependence as the result. This influence is a consequence of the unsettled global communication, which allows hegemons to influence states and country communication modes in the field of information and communication exchange. The communication regime of Ukraine, which was not previously the subject of scientific research, and its formation under the influence of external actors are of particular importance in the context of the current geopolitical situation. Based on the designed system criteria of dependence of the communication mode, which include the commonality of the past and its influence on the modern structure of communication, the language of communication (actual and official), the presence of preferences / restrictions on the activities of communication channels, the participation of foreign actors in rulemaking, the development of strategies in the field of information and communication exchange, dependence on external decision-making centers, communication coverage (territory control, broadcast to the whole territory), investments and financing of the communication sphere, ownership of communication media, the author analyzes the impact of the United States on the communication regime of Ukraine. The influence revealed as a result testifies not only to the dependence of the communication regime, but also in the context of the current conjuncture of international relations allows us to judge the fragmentation of the communication regime of Ukraine under the influence of external actors, which in the future will not contribute to the formation of a single stable information and communication space in Ukraine.

Production of space from the digital front: From everyday life to the everyday politics of networked practices

Everyday life expands the debates about the role of capitalist production relations in the production of space and urbanisation to everyday life practices. The digital space has become part of everyday life with extensive use of social media by individuals and institutions as a key communication sphere. Dwelling on these, this paper explores the role of the digital space in the processes of the production of space and the role of the networked practices of local governments within those processes. Investigating the practices of local governments and their engagement with individuals opens up areas of exploration for everyday life, local governance and institutional politics. The paper explores these via two case studies about acts of everyday life: holiday-making during the re-running of an election campaign and New Year's Eve celebrations in Turkey. It discusses the dialectical relationship between the lived space and the conceived space (Lefebvre, 1991) and how everyday politics submerges with everyday life via the practices of local governments by focusing on the networked (Castells, 2004) engagements among local governments and with ordinary citizens through the use of social media. It concludes that the digital space acts as a conduit where the conceived and the lived are submerged.

Межкультурная коммуникации в образовательной среде вуза: этнопсихологические особенности туркменских студентов

Ethno-psychological features of Turkmen mentality are seen as a factor, determining efficient communication between students of different nationalities in the multicultural educational space. The aim of the article is to single out the characteristic features of the world perception and behavioral patterns, that are to be considered while establishing collaboration with Turkmen students. The method of the research is analysis of theoretical works in the sphere of intercultural communication as well as situations in which manifestation of typical features of the people in all academic contexts. The research is resulted in making what might be called an ethno-psychological profile of the Turkmen student, which will help to choose the right strategy of communication with the people of this nationality in the multicultural educational space of Russian High School.

English and French vocabulary as a product of historical development

The word-stock of any language may be subdivided into the sets. The elements of one are native, the elements of another are borrowed. Borrowings are modified in phonetic shape, spelling or meaning according to the standards of the recipient language. The process of interpenetration is constantly going on. One penetrated into a certain language system, a loan word is assimilated and undergoes semantic changes. The greater are the changes, the weaker is the connection of the word with its traditional use in the original language. According to the latest lexicographic data we can speak of a formation tendency of new lexical equivalents in Indo-European languages and the necessity to study them. The French language, which is the object of the study of language, consists of several varieties. The vocabulary of the language is constantly changing, to a greater or lesser extent. Changes are tracked and recorded, which allows to adequately understand modern language, which is developing as a living thing. Social changes of time, caused by changes in the structure of the socio-political system, changes in ownership and composition of active participants in communication, cause a conscious change in language norms. This is expressed primarily in the growth of variant elements of communication, a large number of new loanwords and terms, and, finally, in stylistic changes in the meaning of oral and written language, with a marked change in the domestic sphere of communication. The problem, investigated in the article, is connected with the history of penetration of foreign words, among them English, into the French language and vice versa. Everybody can withness the influence of English borrowings in one foreign language nowadays, the process of adaptation of Anglicisms. The aim of the paper is to confirm loanwords in the French language that are a result of lexical interference of two languages – two cultures – in contact. The material of the investigation is about 70 per cent of Anglicisms, picked out from the latest mass media publications in French. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that Anglicisms make up a part of the French word-stock, replenish the language vocabulary