Sphere Of Communication Research Articles

Языковая номинация и проблема ее ономасиологического исследования

The problem of language nomination in modern science does not cease to arouse great interest, since it is associated with such important processes of human activity as cognition and communication. Naming objects, phenomena and properties of the surrounding world both in the form of lexical units and in speech structures, actualizing the informative and semantic side of the object, is extremely important for cognitive science, cultural linguistics, ontology, semasiology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, etc. The study of nomination as a process of naming objects of the world around us and its results involves clarifying the following issues: the choice of naming units, their relationship in the language system, determination of criteria by which these units can be attributed to naming units, as well as semantic and functional features of various types of nomination. The study of secondary nomination as a process and result of linguistic, speech and mental, and cultural activity in denoting objects of the real world through linguistic means becomes especially relevant. The onomasiological approach to the study of language units and the inductive analysis of their research today allows us to describe these units not only in the language system, but also at the level of speech and discourse. The scientific paradigm shift determines the relevance and new ways of studying this linguistic phenomenon, which is explained by its exceptional complexity, the essence of which lies in the search for a language expression, varying from simple to global. Considering the essence of nomination as well as its types and features is important for further determination of the specifics of linguistic signs, since the formation and selection of new names and fixation of the most appropriate naming units in the language is a never-ending process, permeating all spheres of human communication.

The Rents of Whiteness

In this Viewpoint, I develop the concept of the rents of Whiteness as a tool that urban planners can use when evaluating land use issues. The exclusionary power conferred by Whiteness has been leveraged for the economic benefit of privileged communities in myriad ways. This phenomenon can be usefully described as a form of rent-seeking: deriving profits from legal or social exclusion. Planners confront the rents of Whiteness in many forms, including neighborhood exclusion, environmental injustice, and the occupation of tribal lands. Conceptualizing these situations as racial rent-seeking clarifies how benefits captured by White communities are inexorably linked to harms done in non-White communities. I conclude with recommendations for dismantling these rents. For technocratic approaches, planners must not confuse the loss of rents with material harm. In the communicative sphere, planners must redefine communities to include those who have been historically excluded.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ МОЛОДШИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ З ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

У статті акцентовано увагу на важливості формування соціокультурної компетентності студентів спеціальності 061 Журналістика у процесі вивчення української мови у вищих навчальних закладах І-ІІ рівнів акредитації. Окреслено сутність соціокультурної компетентності майбутніх молодших спеціалістів з журналістики, що сприяє усвідомленню себе як носія національних цінностей; формуванню загальної культури, загальнолюдських цінностей, відповідальності за майбутнє Батьківщини; опануванню етики та етичних норм; принципів діалогу з представниками різних поглядів, націй, культур, релігій; формуванню широкого спектру мовленнєвих навичок і умінь; умінь управляти інноваційними процесами та інноваційною діяльністю. Зосереджено увагу на формах і методах навчання, які уможливлюють соціокультурний розвиток української мовної особистості студента.

Речевой жанр «толкование на послания апостолов» в телевизионной коммуникативной сфере: особенности воплощения (теолингвистический анализ)

The aim of the research is having determined the parameters for the analysis of the speech genre “interpretation of the epistles of the apostles” and having carried out a theolinguistic study of texts of this genre, to present the main features of its embodiment in the television communicative sphere. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it analyses a previously unexplored phenomenon from the standpoint of theolinguistics, shows the implementation of the model of its genre description and provides its definition. As a result, it has been proved that the interpretation of the epistles of the apostles is a speech genre characterised by a special spiritual and religious intentionality associated with the author’s desire to clarify the teaching of Jesus Christ, to interpret the spiritual meanings of the epistles of the apostles, to turn the addressee to the path of spiritual perfection. It is also characterised by the presence of specific components in its composition (religious and historical-cultural commentaries on verses from the epistles of the apostles, homily); implementation of the principles of theocentricism, Christocentricism, soteriology, eschatologism, providentialism; specifics of elocution manifested in the widespread use of religious names, bookish words, metaphors and allegories of a Christian nature.

РОЛЬ МАРІУПОЛЬСКОГО ПОВІТОВОГО ЗЕМСТВА У СТАНОВЛЕННІ І РОЗВИТКУ ТЕЛЕФОННОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ У МАРІУПОЛЬСЬКОМУ ПОВІТІ НАПРИКІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.

The research purpose. The article, based on the materials of the Mariupol district zemstvo and national regulations governing the field of telephone communications, highlights the process of formation and development of this industry in the Mariupol district in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The prerequisites and background of this process, which was largely made possible by the private initiative of foreign firms Siemens & Halske and Bell Telephone Company, as well as the initiative and experience of local governments in developing communication networks, are investigated. The methodological basis of the study is a sample and chronological analysis of the activities of the Mariupol district zemstvo in the development of telephone communication in the district. The main research findings. The author describes the activities of the Mariupol district zemstvo in organising the telephonisation of the district's settlements in the early twentieth century: interaction of the Mariupol zemstvo administration with colleagues from the Bakhmut district zemstvo and study of their experience in telephonisation; development of principles and rules for the use of telephone networks in the district, identification of sources of funding for the construction of telephone lines and their maintenance. If we characterise the tariff policy of the Mariupol district zemstvo in providing telephone services to subscribers, we can note that it was quite loyal and flexible, taking into account the previous unsuccessful experience of the same tariffs for all categories of subscribers of the Bakhmut zemstvo. This contributed to increasing demand for telephone services in the district and the rapid construction of new lines, which led the Mariupol administration to increase its own working capital expenditures on construction from 2,100 rubles in 1909 to 21,028 rubles in 1913. The article also shows the problems in the development of telephone communications both in the Mariupol district and in the state as a whole due to the monopoly established by the imperial government in 1885 in the sphere of communication and numerous bureaucratic obstacles, contractors' dishonesty. Conclusions. So, despite all the problems, during 1909-1913, the Mariupol district zemstvo made a significant contribution to the development of telephone communication in the Mariupol district. The zemstvo's interest in this area was driven by the active participation of the region's population in the processes of economic and social transformation caused by rapid industrialisation. Thanks to constant initiative, financial efforts, studying the experience of the Bakhmut district zemstvo, which was one of the leaders in the field of telephony among other district zemstvos at the national level, and cooperation with the Bakhmut zemstvo, in 1909-1913 the active work of the Mariupol district zemstvo was very successful and contributed to the rapid construction of an extensive telephone network in the district, facilitated various activities of the zemstvo on the ground, and improved the quality of life of the population of Mariupol district through the possibility of using more accessible and cheaper telephone communication compared to other districts of the Ekaterinoslav province. Key words: Mariupol district, Mariupol district zemstvo, telephone communication.

СЕМАНТИКА И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО «ДИЛЕТАНТ» В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article tests the peculiarities of the meaning and usе of the noun dilettante in Russian language in different spheres of communication. The analysis includes the information about the word in various explanatory, synonymous and antonymic dictionaries of the Russian language, the noun's functioning in contexts based on the website of «National Corpus of the Russian Language» and in reflexive expressions used by internet users. The article presents similar words to the noun dilettante, and also analyzes the evaluation of the studied word in corpus materials, as well as in the language consciousness of native Russian speakers. The work uses descriptive method, component analysis of meaning method, distributive method, continuous sampling of material from dictionaries, and targeted sampling of related contexts from the «National Corpus of the Russian Language». As a result of the analysis, the descripition of the man known as dilettante is created, moreover, the ambivalence of the tested noun dilettante is identified. The conclusions obtained in the course of this research can be used to the lessons on Cultural linguistics, the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, and also to the development and compilation of educational lexicographic dictionaries.

DEMOGRAPHIC “CATASTROPHE” OF THE RUSSIAN FINNO-UGRIC PEOPLES: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOTIVATION FOR THE DRIFT OF IDENTITIES

The results of the 2021 population census showed a sharp and significant decrease in the number of Finno-Ugric peoples in Russia. For example, the number of Karelians decreased by 46.7%, Komi-Permyaks - by 41%, Mordovians - by 35% (in 1939, the number of Mordovians was 1375 thousand people, in 2021 -484 thousand). Between the 2002 and 2010 censuses there was also a large-scale decline in the number of Finno-Ugric peoples, which allowed some local ethnic activists to talk about a “demographic catastrophe”, “extinction of peoples”. The idea of “extinction” began to be actively exploited at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. and became the basis for the formation of ethno-national movements, the programs of which were built on the concept of "the revival of peoples". In Komi, the "Committee for the Revival of the Komi People" was created, in Mordovia, the society "Velmena" ("Revival") arose. The leaders of ethnic and ethno-political organizations strove to act not only as culturetragers, but also as moral censors not only for their own ethnic groups, but also for regional communities as a whole. But their mission failed, because ethnic entrepreneurs not only failed to become leaders of public opinion in the regions inhabited by the Finno-Ugric peoples, but turned out to be incapable of developing effective programs for ethno-cultural development, which was shown by the results of the census. In addition, the census showed that the transformation of the Finno-Ugric ethnic groups from agrarian to urban ethnic groups leads to an obvious strengthening of the processes of individual integration into the host urban communities, in which the Russians are the dominant group, and the Russian language dominates in all spheres of communication.

Теория и практика современной речевой коммуникации: парадигмы научного поиска О.Б. Сиротининой (к 100-летию выдающегося российского лингвиста)

The article is dedicated to the well-known Russian scientist - Prof. of Philology, Honoured Professor of Saratov State University (SSU), full member of the Academy of Sciences of Higher Education, honorary worker in the field of education, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation - Olga Borisovna Sirotinina, who on June 27, 2023 is celebrating her 100th anniversary. The purpose of the article is to tell about O.B. Sirotinina as one of our outstanding contemporaries, a remarkable Scientist, Teacher and Unique Person, about her invaluable contribution to linguistics. Olga Borisovna has devoted her whole life to science, work at her home department of the Russian language, speech communication and Russian as a foreign language. In the 1960s, O.B. Sirotinina headed a group of Saratov researchers to study colloquial speech. Meanwhile, the range of her interests as a researcher is incredibly wide: dialectology, Russian literary language, word order in Russian, functional stylistics, linguoecology, culture of speech, rhetoric, language media and more. Under her leadership, a school for the study of the Russian language functioning in various spheres of communication was formed at SSU; 58 PhD and 16 Prof. thesies were defended. Olga Borisovna has generously shared her knowledge with her students. The article says how the traditions of the Saratov school developed; a brief overview of the main works that determined the contribution of O.B. Sirotinina to linguistics is presented. One of the main issues for the researcher today is the fate of the Russian language. What has always been characteristic of Olga Borisovna Sirotinina is concern for the language, its present and future.

О некоторых подходах к исследованию международного порядка в области информации и коммуникации

The article analyzes new trends and features of development of the World Information and Communication Order (WICO). Particular attention is focused on scientific approaches of Russian and Western authors to modern problems of international communication. The role and place of WICO in the world order are shown. While in the 1970–1980s, the disputes around the establishment of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) used to be a popular object of investigation in political, social and legal sciences, this interest died away as soon as NWICO ceased to be a factor in global political debates. However, the authors reject the attitude towards NWICO as being merely a historic phenomenon, because it has been referred to in the UN General Assembly acts until recently. As soon as the world order incorporates the urge for an ideal and objective reality, NWICO is considered as an indispensable part of WICO. In the article, WICO is regarded as a sub-system of the world political order and world economic order, which is greatly influenced by the developments experienced by the latter. In the meantime, WICO itself contains at least four sectoral sub-systems which have reached different levels of evolution: the technical cooperation sub-system, the economic sub-system, the content sub-system and the security sub-system. As far as approximately 55 regional organizations have established their cooperation frameworks in the information and communication field, WICO contains a highly developed regional sub-system which in many cases has reached much more advanced levels than the global WICO. The authors analyze the influence on WICO exerted by such trends in the world order system as non-state actors’ strengthening and the expansion of the order’s comprehensive rules on national policies’ spheres. The WICO evolution is shown as a continuous process throughout which its rules have emerged in the growing number of segments of the information and communication sphere, fueled, on the one hand, by the progress in information receiving, transfer, storage and processing and, on the other hand, by developments in the world political order and world economic order. According to the article, from the middle of the 19th century until early 21st century, this evolution had passed seven stages. The authors expect the upcoming switch to the realistic approach in the further development of WICO, which presupposes a restriction of its rules to those issues, which can be a subject to broad international consensus.

Egyptian Women Controversial Issues and the Digital Public Sphere: Can Social Media Debates Be Used as Indicators of Social Struggle in Society?

Egyptian Women Controversial Issues and the Digital Public Sphere:Can Social Media Debates Be Used as Indicators of Social Struggle in Society? Enas Abou Youssef (bio) 1. Introduction Can social media networks be used as indicators of social class conflict in society? This is the core research question of this study. Social media networks have opened a new digital public sphere era. In Egypt, ever since the uprising on January 25, 2011, social media networks are considered one of the focal communicative tools that encouraged civic participation from many socio-ideological classes to the extent that the uprising was called the "Facebook revolution."1 Since 2011, the country has witnessed many waves of polarization. At the beginning, polarization was political where Islamists were facing secular trends. That polarization shed its light in other [End Page 58] aspects of social and economic life in Egypt later on. Many cultural and socioeconomic issues were displayed on social media and reflected diverse attitudes, approaches, and even values specifically regarding women's issues. In Egypt, among other Arab countries, the assumption that digital public sphere has higher freedom ceiling with socio-cultural issues is true to a substantial extent. Based on this assumption, one can examine socio-cultural struggles in Egyptian society from social issues debated and displayed on social media. Facebook, twitter, Tik-Tok, and reels can be considered reflections of different social classes that have access and are digitally empowered to dominate in the digital public sphere.2 According to Pierre Bourdieu, social status can be analyzed by considering three exchangeable capitals: economic, social, and cultural. In general, economic capital consists of money, assets, and property the individual holds. Social capital includes actual or virtual groups to which the individual belongs, their durable networks, and more or less institutionalized relationships.3 Cultural capital refers to the type of education and socialization that allows individuals to demonstrate their knowledge and cultural consumption and that differentiates them from other social groups.4 This article aims to present an analysis of Egyptian women's controversial issues that are displayed on the social media "Facebook" from one side and their indications to types of socio-cultural conflict existing in society from the other side during June 2021-July 2022. The key question is: What are the recent social conflict characteristics concluded from debates addressing Egyptian women's controversial issues displayed and trended on social networks? [End Page 59] 2. Reviewing the Literature and Theoretical Conceptual Framework 2.1 Digital Public Sphere One of the major points Jürgen Habermas highlighted when presenting the concept of "Public Sphere" is that sphere is "open to all." A public sphere refers to a society that can become engaged in "critical public debate."5 Accordingly, the public sphere would be linked to media for information, communication, and access by all citizens. Media plays the role of promoting the open market of ideas in liberal societies. Habermas thereby stresses that the public sphere is not just a sphere of public political communication, but also one that enables social relations using media.6 However, some scholars have argued that the idea of a public sphere, which is free from state censorship and private ownership, does not exist. Niklas Luhmann, for example, assured that all social systems, including communication systems, are related to the power of money and the paid/unpaid in the economy or the power of who is in office/out of office in politics.7 It should be noted that media systems never function in a vacuum. They are part of the political, socioeconomic system in society. Yet, recent technological factors have loosened the public sphere and opened access to more societal participants. Social media networks created new public sphere horizons of political communication. In 2011, there were revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, and beyond. The common aspects of these protests were the use of social media networks as tactics of political, economic, and social protests, creating a new public space that reflected a common crisis of society.8 The digital public sphere is a communicative sphere that is provided or supported by online or social media – from websites to social network sites, weblogs, and micro-blogs. These platforms provide...

ANGLICISMS IN GERMAN JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE

Наше дослідження має на меті доповнити і в деякій низці аспектів змінити наявні уявлення про характер і місце англіцизмів у німецькомовному публіцистичному дискурсі, а також сприяти розробці комплексного питання про роль та особливості запозичень у мові в цілому. Новизна дослідження полягає в залученні нового мовного матеріалу, розширенні хронологічних і тематичних меж англомовної лексики поза своїм мовним середовищем, а також у застосуванні функціонального (англіцизми в журналі „Spiegel“) і семантичного (особливості вживання англіцизмів в різних комунікативних сферах) видів аналізу.
 Матеріалом дослідження слугувала вибірка англіцизмів з журналу „Spiegel“ різних років видання (1950–2020 рр.). Досліджувалися по 6 екземплярів з кожного річного випуску журналу із загальною кількістю близько 8 000 сторінок. Проведене дослідження засвідчило, що вживання англіцизмів на сторінках журналу невпинно зростає: від 2,3 запозичення 
 на сторінку тексту в 1950 році до 4,7 у 2020 р Найбільш відкриті для прийняття англіцизмів комунікативні сфери „спорт” та „реклама і оголошення”, найбільш консервативною залишається рубрика „зовнішня і внутрішня політика”. Серед найчастотніших англіцизмів трапляютсья як відносно “старі” запозичення XVIII – початку XX століття, так і нові, тобто слова, які увійшли в німецьку мову після Другої світової війни.
 Детальний семантико-стилістичний аналіз англіцизмів дозволив виокремити такі причини запозичень: відсутність відповідного поняття в мові-рецепторі, "програш" німецького відповідника в конкуренції із запозиченням у мові-рецепторі, забезпечення стилістичного (емфатичного) ефекту, вираження позитивних або негативних конотацій, якими не володіє еквівалентна одиниця в мові-рецепторі, необхідність розмежувати змістовно близькі, але, все ж таки, дещо відмінні поняття, необхідність спеціалізації понять у тій або іншій сфері для певних цілей, тенденція до позначення нерозчленованого на окремі складові об’єкта єдиним словом, а не сполученням слів, сприйняття всім колективом мовців або його частиною іншомовного слова як більш престижного, з кращим звучанням, а також комунікативна актуальність позначуваного поняття.

Food companies' innovations in creating sustainable product packaging on the Polish market

The emergence of the problem of creating and implementing sustainable food packaging is forcing companies to implement innovations in this area. Changes in the approach to the production of sustainable packaging should take into account environmental, social and financial aspects. The introduction of modern technologies is becoming a natural part of companies' production processes. Awareness of ongoing changes in the spheres of production innovation, technology, IT and communication can contribute to the creation and implementation of sustainable food packaging. The aim of this article is to identify and define innovative activities of food companies in the creation and implementation of sustainable product packaging. The objective included refers to one of the United Nations' objectives - Goal 9: 9.B - Support technological development, research and innovation in developing countries through enabling policies. In addition to the objective, a research hypothesis was included and a research problem was defined. The research used the CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) interview method, and the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) method. The research tool used was a survey questionnaire. The research addressed, among other issues, the use of raw materials and materials used in the production of packaging, the impact of packaging on transport costs, packaging recycling activities and ways of placing information on packaging. The final section of the article discusses the results of the research and identifies recommendations for future research directions.

Символика лояльности к власти Тевтонского ордена у пруссов в XIII—XIV веках

Formation of the State of Teutonic Order in Prussia in the XIIIth—XIVth centuries based beside military oppression on the relations with local population supported by the incorporation of them in the system of condition landholding. These relations implied, from the one hand, the representation by the Order its own status as a collective ruler, and from the other hand, symbolic expression of the loyalty of Old Prussians in various spheres of social communication: language, onomastic, objects of material culture. Definition of the ways to express loyalty that is the purpose of the article allows to characterize the comprehension of Old Prussians their own status in new political conditions. For this purpose by the using of the old comparative-historical, typological and diachronous-synchronous methods were re­sear­ched both written sources and funds from the Old Prussian necropolis. It allows to define that Old Prus­sians expressed their loyalty by the reception of Middle High German language, Chris­tian names and symbols and sign of Teutonic order. Being included in the culture of Old Prussians these elements co-existed with traditional names, language and principle of heathen fu­ne­ral rite. The resulting co-existence of the symbols different by their character became one of the basis for the relations between Old Prussians and Teutonic order that provided stable de­velopment of the State until 1525.

Опыт проектирования электронного учебного словаря фразеологизмов делового английского языка

Importance. Presented the main results of creating an educational dictionary taking into account modern linguodidactic requirements to the process of designing reference aids. The main content of the research is related to the presentation of the process of creating an electronic training dictionary of phraseologisms related to business and economics. The novelty of the research lies in the rapid development of computer lexicography, which makes it necessary to use training dictionaries in teaching a foreign language for professional purposes. Materials and Methods. The study dictionaries of business English, textbooks on teaching English of business and economics sphere, as well as scientific literature and Internet sources are presented. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the method of solid sampling, modeling and design methods, as well as elements of statistical analysis and pedagogical experiment are used as the main methods. Results and Discussion. During the experiment, the indicators improved more than twice, which suggests that the training dictionary helps students to memorize phraseological units better. Results obtained in the research seem to make a certain contribution to the solution of an important problem of formation of terminological competence of students of economic specialties, to the development of digital educational lexicography. Conclusion. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the developed lexicographic resource in the process of teaching students English in the sphere of business communication, as well as in the possibility of using the developed approaches to dictionary design in the practical activity of compiling electronic dictionaries of English for special (professional) purposes.

«Живой облик»: Павел Сергеевич Попов об Иване Васильевиче Попове (предисловие к публикации главы «И.В. Попов» из мемуаров П.С. Попова). Попов П.С. И.В. Попов. Публикация, ар­хеографическая работа и примечания А.И. Семеновой

Memoirs about the professor of the Moscow Theological Academy and Moscow University Ivan Vasilyevich Popov (1867–1938) continue the series of publica­tions of separate chapters of the book of memoirs of Pavel Sergeevich Popov (1892–1964) “Images of the past. Memories from university, gymnasium and childhood years”. Immersion in the text of memoirs opens up for us today a wide cultural, historical and existential context, which allows us to take a fresh look at the intellectual heritage of Russian thinkers – the heroes of P.S. Popov’s me­moirs. With each new deciphered page of manuscripts of memoirs, the sides and facets of P.S. Popov’s writing talent are fully revealed to the reader. A “smart” chronicler, demonstrating the ability to subtly and extremely reliably reveal the appearance and character of his colleagues, their manner and style of beha­vior, scientific strategies and features of the movement of thought, the sphere of professional, friendly and family communication, to expose internal and ex­ternal ideological ties, Popov knows how to subordinate details of the image of the accurately grasped dominant of the personality, its main content, psycho­logically conditioned motive and aspirations in scientific programs and research. This is how a gallery of portraits of Russian philosophers is compiled, behind each of which, thanks to a stereoscopically recreated figure, the observer will al­ways be able to see not so much an outline of an intellectual biography but a “living face”. In this case, it is thanks to the detailed portrait characteristics that we get the opportunity to discover I.V. Popov not only as a strict rational “theo­logian”-positivist, as he reveals himself in his works, and as P.S. Popov knew him as a teacher and researcher of medieval philosophy, but also as a deeply and sincerely believing person who, like a true Christian, never talked about his faith, did not put this truly intimate side of his life on display.

Pedagogical conditions for correcting the consequences of child abuse

The subject of the study is the pedagogical conditions for the correction of communication disorders in children who have been subjected to abuse in the family. The study was based on the assumption that anxiety and hostility are dominant in the minds of such children. Timely work with the emotional sphere of the child, correction of the sphere of communication can correct negative influences. The author examines in detail the implementation of pedagogical conditions: conducting special classes with children in order to overcome anxiety in the process of communication; involving children in leisure activities aimed at reducing hostility towards adults; participation of children in field events aimed at developing positive emotions. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the pedagogical conditions for correcting communication disorders have been experimentally tested. The author comes to the following conclusions: 1. Conducting special classes with children in order to overcome anxiety in the process of communication helps to express their feelings, activate communication between a child and an adult, form various means of communication, develop dialogic speech. 2. Involving children in leisure activities aimed at reducing hostility towards adults; allows an adult to manifest himself as an assistant and defender, with whom you can communicate without fear, jointly achieving your goals. 3. Participation of children in field events aimed at the development of positive emotions allows to increase the social context of communication of the child, to expand the circle of adults with whom the pupil would interact.

ЧЕМАЛ КАК ЦЕНТР ЭТНОКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ТУРИЗМА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АЛТАЙ

The promising "Big Altai Program" is being developed in the south of Western Siberia. The concept of "Big Altai" covers the regions unique for tourism – Gorny Altai ( the Altai Republic) Rudny Altai (Altai Territory), Sayano-Altai (the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tyva), Gobi Altai and Mongolian Altai (Mongolia). Based on the collected information, the development of ethnological-confessional tourism in the Altai Republic is highlighted by the author. In modern conditions of globalization, it takes place the unification and commercialization of ethnic culture of the Altaians (the titular ethnic group of the republic), Russians ( the ethnic majority of the region), and Kazakhs as a local large diaspora. In changing tendencies of the Russian society development, there is a belief that through ethnic tourism it is possible to return to ancient national traditions. For the local population and specialists involved in tourism services, it is an active factor of regional development, a source of employment. For the guests, ethnological-confessional tourism represents both an attractive sphere of communication and a direct entry into an unknown and little-known culture. According to the archival materials by the collector A.V.Anokhin, referring to the beginning of the last century and stored in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) in St. Petersburg, the Altai regional tourism has a 100-year history. In the XIX century, the Altai Spiritual Mission was founded in the village of Chemal, which now-days has become the center of modern ethnological-confessional tourism in the region. In 2000, the Church of St. John the Theologian was restored on the Patmos rock near the Katun River, which became an Orthodox shrine that attracts tourists. The island of Patmos is associated with two priests by name of Makarius who served in the Chemal camp at different times. The locals called the island Makarievsky, since Father Makarius (Glukharev), the founder of the camp, was the first; and later, in 1916, there served Father Makarius (Nevsky). The history of the village of Chemal determined the restoration of Orthodox shrines, turning this village into a center of ethnological-confessional tourism in the Altai Republic.

The role of the Ukrainian diaspora in preserving the cultural identity and individuality of the Ukrainian nation during the 1960s and 1970s

The article found that the Ukrainian diaspora was an integral component of Ukrainian ethnic integrity. Numerous public, cultural and educational institutions created by emigrants in their places of residence stood guard over Ukrainian national interests and, despite all obstacles, conducted fruitful cooperation with Ukrainians in the Motherland. In order to preserve and develop the Ukrainian language, representatives of the diaspora paid great attention to the release of the Ukrainian printed word into the world. Due to total censorship in the Ukrainian SSR, Ukrainians abroad contributed to the publication abroad of many Ukrainian works that were banned in Ukraine. By means of international tourism, international student exchange, and world radio broadcasting, contacts between Ukrainian and foreign youth were gradually established, and the spheres of communication expanded. The main task of the Ukrainian diaspora was to preserve the ethnic and cultural identities of the Ukrainian nation, and consolidate the scattered emigration forces for the sole purpose of preparing a political and professional basis for the acquisition of an independent, cathedral Ukrainian state.

The political journalism and PR in the communication sphere of society

Scientific reflection on the processes taking place in the political life of societies involves the identification of significant links between journalism and real political reality. The author notes that, in general, the qualitative focus of political journalism contributes to its categorization as a fundamental concept as a political category, as a subject and object of the political process. It is concluded that political journalism is a broad branch of journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of politics, political processes and political science, including political PR. It is emphasized that political journalism, including PR, is carried out in all types of mass media. At the same time, political journalism is the widest field of journalism, and its subject area can be any sphere of not only political, but also social life – from political PR to disputes and discussions on the topic of disqualification of athletes at international championships and directly political life itself at different levels of society functioning. It is proved that the main direction of political journalism is political ideas, PR activities in the field of political and building political guidelines of society.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH COMPUTER ADDICTION

Online communication often attracts teenagers due to its anonymity and the ability to openly express their points of view. A signifi cant advantage is real-time communication. However, there is also a drawback of developing teenagers’ addiction to computers. The dissatisfaction of teenagers with business and personal relationships, the discrepancy between the importance of communication spheres and the peculiarities of a teenager’s age are among the most serious factors determining the emergence of socially dangerous communication of teenagers on the Internet and leading to deviations in the behavior of children. The purpose is to study the features of interpersonal relationships of adolescents with computer addiction. To conduct the study, we used the analysis and generalization of scientifi c literature and psychodiagnostic methods as the scale of Internet addiction, Zhichkina A.E. (into groups); the questionnaire “Perception of the Internet”, Shchepilina E.A.; the method of diagnosing interpersonal relationships, T. Leary (adaptation by L.N. Sobchik). To establish the reliability of the differences and identify the relationships, the data were processed using descriptive statistics methods. The subjects were  teenagers, aged from  to  years. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of interpersonal communication among adolescents tends to decline with increasing dependence on the Internet, there are also features of self-acceptance and dependence on the opinions of others. It was also found that teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more willing to take responsibility in decision- making than teenagers who spend a moderate amount of time online. Teenagers with Internet addiction have diffi culties in adapting, communicating with their peers, because they are often withdrawn and shy, they are not interested in engaging in social activities and do not want to make friends. They also have signs of aggression that turn into antisocial behavior.