Speech Behavior Research Articles

Emotional Maturity with Hate Speech Behavior in Late Adolescents

Hate speech behavior is now common, as seen from the rise of individuals who use abusive language or swear words that are actually inappropriate to say and do when interacting with others. This can certainly affect individual behavior, especially late adolescents and can trigger the development of new languages and negative behaviors such as hate speech. One of the factors influencing hate speech behavior is emotional maturity. This study aims to see the influence of emotional maturity on hate speech behavior in late adolescents in Karawang. The method used is a quantitative approach. The measuring tools used are the hate speech scale and the emotional maturity scale. The sample of this study amounted to 302 respondents. The sampling technique uses non-probability techniques with snowball sampling techniques. Data analysis techniques in this study use normality tests, linearity tests, hypothesis tests with simple regression analysis, determination coefficient tests and categorization tests. The results in this study showed that the emotional maturity variable had a regression coefficient value of -0.434 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 which means that emotional maturity has a negative and significant effect on the value of hate speech. It is known that the variable of emotional maturity has a contribution of (4.4%) to influence hate speech behavior in late adolescents in Karawang. The rest (95.6%) were influenced by other variables not studied in the study. The implications obtained in this study are expected to provide information to adolescents to be more able to contribute practically by honing the ability to control emotions and be able to adapt to the sausage environment in order to avoid negative behaviors such as hate speech.Perilaku ujaran kebencian saat ini sudah sering terjadi, terlihat dari maraknya individu yang menggunakan bahasa kasar atau umpatan kata yang sebenarnya tidak pantas diucapkan dan dilakukan ketika sedang berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Hal tersebut tentunya dapat berpengaruh terhadap perilaku individu khususnya para remaja akhir dan dapat memicu berkembangnya bahasa baru serta perilaku negatif seperti ujaran kebencian. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku ujaran kebencian adalah kematangan emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kematangan emosi terhadap perilaku ujaran kebencian pada remaja akhir di Karawang. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala ujaran kebencian dan skala kematangan emosi. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 302 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probabilitas dengan teknik snowball sampling. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji normalitas, uji linearitas, uji hipotesis dengan analisis regresi sederhana, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji kategorisasi. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan variabel kematangan emosi memiliki nilai koefisien regresi sebesar -0,434 dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa kematangan emosi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai ujaran kebencian. Diketahui bahwa variabel kematangan emosi memiliki kontribusi sebesar (4,4%) untuk memengaruhi perilaku ujaran kebencian pada remaja akhir di Karawang. Sisanya (95,6%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Implikasi yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada remaja untuk lebih dapat berkontribusi secara praktis dengan mengasah kemampuan dalam mengontrol emosi dan mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sosisal agar dapat menghindari diri dari perilaku negatif seperti ujaran kebencian.

PRINSIP KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM TINDAK TUTUR PEGAWAI DAN NASABAH BANK SUMSEL BABEL

The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the principles of politeness in speech behavior of employees and customers of Bank Sumsel Babel, a sub-branch of Keluang of Musi Banyuasin Regency. Research by descriptive qualitative methods. The method of data collection in this study is observation, record, record. Data analysis techniques were performed by translating and analyzing the recorded data into written form. Among the findings on employee and customer speech behavior in business interactions is the principle of politeness in speech, which is governed by the maxim of wisdom and the maxim of generosity.

КОММУНИКАТИВНАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ СТУДЕНТА ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА В ПАРЕМИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

The article provides a literature analysis on the problem of the formation of a communicative personality as an actual stage in the development of a linguistic personality. The definition of communicating personality and communicative personality concepts is given. The influence of the digital information environment on the nature of thinking and response of students in an associative experiment is described. The aim of the article is to describe the students’ communicative personality features which are revealed in the paremic discourse. The material of the study is neoparemia, a speech behavior product of the associative experiment participants. Neoparemias are presented in verbal and intercode form. The main research methods are theoretical (analysis of literature on the problem) and empirical (method of directed associative experiment). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the communicative personality is studied for the first time from the standpoint of the analysis of neoparemias – products of the speech behavior of associative experiment participants. The results of the experiment can be useful for socio- and psycholinguists, as well as for communication science researchers and modern paremiology representatives.

METAPHOR TYPES AND PECULARITIES OF THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CHARACTERIZING SPEECH BEHAVIOR (ON THE BASIS OF T. SAUKETAYEV'S NOVEL “I AM CRAZY”)

Phraseological units are linguistic units that transmit folk wisdom, national information, culture to subsequent descendants. When describing the picture of the world, phraseological units under the pen of writers become a symbol of a peculiar style, enliven the author's language, and become an effective bright tool in creating a speech description of the protagonist. This article discusses the forms of use in prose of phraseological units that characterize speech behavior. As phraseological units expressing speech behavior, we consider phraseological units which are used to describe the content, method and conduct of a conversation, unwillingness to continue and start a conversation. Each artistic text reflects the spiritual wealth and folk art, the culture inherent in one era, which arose in that period, reaching generations. To start the study, phraseological units of speech behavior were selected from phraseological dictionaries. Among the phraseological units that reflect speech behavior, phraseological units that characterize the unwillingness to conduct a conversation, the way of conducting a conversation and the content of the conversation were selected in the article. The study included phraseological units of speech behavior written in the tragi-comedy genre from the novel “I am crazy” by the famous modern writer Turysbek Sauketaev. The novel masterfully illustrates the actual problems of our time and describes various moments. The meanings of phraseological units of speech behavior are discussed in the article. In this work, based on the classification of metaphors of the linguist A.P. Chudinov, phraseological units denoting speech behavior in T. Sauketaev’s novel, which belong to certain types of metaphors, are identified. The purpose of the study is to show the specific features of phraseological units that characterize the speech behavior found in this literary work.

SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN THE KAZAKH AND CHUVASH LANGUAGES (BASED ON GREETINGS)

The research paper considers the speech etiquette in the Kazakh and Chuvash languages, belonging to a family of Turkic languages, from the point of view of the genealogical origin of the language, based on the formula of welcome. Speech etiquette is an inextricable part of the culture of any country. Its basic structure consists of special lexical units - speech formulas used in situations that take place in different contexts. Functional study of speech formulas allows to classify models of speech etiquette with equivalents in the Kazakh and Chuvash languages. The purpose and objectives of the study - functional-linguistic analysis of the use of greeting formulas in Kazakh and Chuvash, to consider the theoretical aspects of speech communication, to describe some parameters of etiquette formulations, to analyze thematic themes and also to reveal speech formulas by different methods. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, and linguistic analysis based on culturological, ethnographic, and social features. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the speech formulas of two languages have general drawings and inconsistencies, conditioned by different factors. The similarities and differences in speech behavior in these languages are reflected in the basic welcome models.

The role of humor in the formation of a positive attitude towards the educational environment and the teacher at a technical university

The paper explores the possibilities of humor as one of the pedagogical techniques that form a positive attitude of students towards the teachers working with them and thus contribute to the implementation of successful learning activities. An empirical study has been carried out, which consists in studying the perception of students of their mentors depending on their speech behavior, including the use of humorous techniques. The results showed that teachers who skillfully operate with humorous discourse in the educational process and in extracurricular communication evoke a positive attitude among students towards themselves and, accordingly, towards the discipline being taught. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the effectiveness of the activity of a teacher of a technical university is considered, depending on his or her possession of humorous skills. Its the first time students majoring in engineering have become participants in the survey on this topic. The practical significance is due to the possibility of using the results of the study in educational activities in order to create a positive educational environment, motivate students with emotionally presented material to facilitate its understanding and memorization. Research methods: description, analysis, systematization, generalization of theoretical material, an experiment to study the attitude of students to students who use humor as a pedagogical technique in teaching. The findings are significant for school and university teachers, researchers involved in the search for innovative tools in teaching.

UJARAN KEBENCIAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PEMILU DAN TINJAUAN SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH

The main problem in this thesis is the regulation of hate speech in Law Number 7 of 2017, because when the agenda for a democratic party or also known as elections is approaching, the behavior of hate speech has greatly increased. Certain groups of candidates may clash with other supporting groups, so that Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, "everyone has the right to freedom of association, assembly and expression of opinions", is very vulnerable to dealing with the right to freedom of opinion and expression. The purpose of this study is to find out more about the regulation of hate speech in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections and siyasa dusturiyyah reviews. To answer the object of the study, the authors used library research using a normative juridical approach with statutory and conceptual approaches. In this case, it includes primary legal materials, namely from laws and regulations, especially Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections and secondary legal materials from legal and Islamic books and journals. In the research that the authors conducted, it can be concluded that, until now, hate speech in elections in Indonesia has not been clearly interpreted, even in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections (Elections) it is not explained in detail regarding how to define, victims, perpetrators, sanctions imposed as well as benchmarks or limitations that can be categorized as hate speech in elections. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections in fiqh siyasa dusturiyyah, the source of its formation is siyasah wad'iyah because it is produced by mere human thought products which in the drafting process do not pay attention to norms and ethics. Hate speech in Islam is a prohibited act because it can cause harm, especially to the soul, and in it has an element of humiliation, namely lowering one's self-esteem/soul, which should be maintained or guarded for every human being from any group as per the concept of the formulation of the basis of the state (fiqh siyasa dusturiyyah). and the principle is to prioritize guarantees of human rights and realize justice.

Linguistic and Didactic Potential of Working with Text in the Course of Proffessionally Oriented Teaching the Russian Language to Inophones — Future International Lawyers

Communicative and functional co-direction in the process of learning and teaching any foreign language gives the text the function of the highest unit of teaching speech communication. The article aims to study the linguistic and methodological basis of teaching foreign students professionally-oriented communication of international legal character in Russian. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodologically grounded approach to the process of teaching the language of specialty to future specialists in the field of international law and international relations. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the problem under study, since the formation of professional competencies in this group of foreign students takes place in the Russian language, which is primarily a means of obtaining a specialty for them. The general scientific methods of cognition used in this study include, in particular, observation of the speech behavior of foreign speakers in the educational and scientific spheres of their activity, analysis of textual and linguistic material relevant to the students, experiment as a means of approbation of the developed methodology, as well as analysis of the obtained results. The article substantiates a comprehensive approach to the study of professionally oriented text, describes grammatical, lexical and conceptual difficulties characteristic of professional non-adapted texts in the specialty “Jurisprudence. International Law”. The novelty of the approach lies in the description of the typology of pre-text, and post-text exercises and tasks that contribute to the acquisition of scientific speech norms by foreign speakers, the formation of receptive, reproductive and productive speech activity relevant for professional communication of a future international lawyer. At the same time, the lexical material, on the basis of which the above system of exercises and tasks (“ETS”) was created, has not been previously included in such studies. The final part of the article presents the results of the final testing of students, conducted for experimental purposes and confirming the effectiveness of the proposed integrated methodological approach. The methodology of working with professional texts in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language to future international lawyers presented in the article can be used by Russian and foreign methodologists in order to create a linguistic and didactic model of professionally oriented teaching for other contingents of foreign students, as well as by practicing teachers working on the creation of professionally oriented teaching tools (textbooks, teaching aids) in the context of an interdisciplinary approach to teaching Russian as a foreign language

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES OF THE OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES

Significant changes in the market system of Kazakhstan, the formation of a rule of law state, and the need of society for a significant improvement in the activities of law enforcement agencies put forward the task of scientific development and practical implementation of personnel policy in the law enforcement system of employees of the Operative Investigative Service (hereafter OIS). For this purpose, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the specifics of the professional activity of an OIS officer, determine the requirements that this activity imposes on the psyche and personality of an OIS officer, and distinguish clear criteria for his professional suitability or unsuitability for work in law enforcement agencies. In the process of scientific research, we concluded that: - psychological training of police officers is one of the activities of law enforcement agencies. It forms employees' psychological resistance to various stress factors, the ability to act calmly and confidently in psychologically difficult situations during acute respiratory infections, as well as development of stress resistance. That is quite important since not all Operative Investigative Activities (OSA) employees can cope with the volume of work and quickly burn out; - professional communication of the OSA employees depends on professional and non-professional forms which are based on the rules of speech behavior adopted in a particular social environment; - it is necessary to conduct a special «Operative Investigative Psychology» course for students and undergraduates in the majors of «Jurisprudence» (the study of Law) «Psychology» and cadets of special educational institutions who trained employees of the OSA, psychologists. During the course, it is relevant to conduct training courses on the development of cognitive mental processes (sensation, perception, representation, imagination, thinking, memory, attention, speech); on the ability to work with people (establishing psychological contact, exerting influence on them, etc.); establishing the truth and making the right decision.

THE RELEVANCE OF NOMINATIVE MEANS OF THE CONCEPT EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH WORLDVIEW: MULTILINGUAL ASPECTS

The purpose of the article is to review and arrange according to the specified criteria nominative means of expressing the concept of TECHNOLOGY in the context of the English-speaking, French-speaking and German-speaking world picture; coverage of nominative features; identification of a different and common character to determine a comprehensive idea of the expression of the concept of TECHNOLOGY in the context of the English-speaking, French-speaking and German-speaking picture of the world. The main problem of modern linguistics is the study of the relationship of language and thinking to language and culture, due to the fact that language is the founder of culture. The main attention is paid to the study of the structure of the language system in connection with the consciousness of a person, his worldview and spiritual life; specifics of speech behavior of different peoples. The concept appears as the key and most relevant unit of research in the context of cognitive linguistics.The concept of TECHNOLOGY represents a complex of socially significant ideas of a person about the process of his relations with various objects of reality. Similar concepts consolidate the intellectual space of the respective era, largely determining the nature of thinking and axiological relations of its representatives. Concepts as elements of consciousness are completely independent of speech, and language means convey only part of the concept with their meanings, which is confirmed by the existence of many different synonyms, definitions and descriptions of the same concept.

ПОБУДОВА ЖАНРУ «ПУБЛІЧНА ПРОМОВА ПОЛІТИКА» СУЧАСНОГО АНГЛОМОВНОГО ДИСКУРСУ

The article examines the structure of modern English political discourse's «public speech of a politician» genre. Nowadays, one of the urgent issues of modern linguistics is the study of discourse in terms of the speech behavior of a person in the broad context of his life activities in society. Directly, "discourse" is multifaceted and is used with different meanings. In the study, the authors used President Volodymyr Zelenskyi's speeches to the legislative bodies of other countries and online appeals to the world community regarding the Russian-Ukrainian war. The research proves that compositional clarity is essential in constructing the «public speech of a politician» genre. According to many researchers, the addressee needs to have a sense of proportion in the volume: the speech should be the topic and facts required at most. In particular, three blocks can be distinguished in the composition: – greetings to the audience; – the main part, and the summary. Each block differs in the corresponding graphic and linguistic stylistic embodiment. Attention is focused on convincing the audience and taking into account socio-cultural and historical factors, professional characteristics of listeners, and regional differences. The authors note that in each block, the president of Ukraine carefully chooses words to emphasize the importance of what he said. Using repetitions in his speeches, he expresses respect for the countries' leaders, appeals to the world community, and strives to build close associative ties between Ukraine and the states, to which he addresses and outlines the tragic nature of the current situation.

TYPOLOGY OF THE PRESENTER’S COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE ODESA TOURISM MEDIA DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian- language television program “Where are we going?!” as a special type of tourist discourse, one of the forms of which is the genre of television excursion. The main direction of the research was chosen to be linguo-pragmatic, which led to the identification of the main strategies of the communicative behavior of the presenter of the TV program and his interaction with the TV viewers. The linguistic-pragmatic principles of the study of communicative strategies and tacts in modern linguistics are defined, the main problems are outlined and typologies of strategies relevant specifically for the televised tourism discourse are proposed. The specifics of the speech behavior of the presenter of the TV program are considered and the presentation, informational, argumentative and game strategies are characterized. The tactics of identification, solidarity, self-presentation, criticism and intrigue were analyzed within the framework of the presentation strategy. It is proved that the information strategy is directed at presenting actual, verified information of a local history nature to the addressees and is presented by descriptive and characterological tactics. It was determined that the argumentative strategy is based on logical reasoning and evidence and is represented by the tactics of verbalizing logical reasoning, evaluation, and explanation. The game strategy is considered as an actualization of the presenter’s linguistic creative activity and the language means of implementing the language game are outlined.

Linguistic Phenomena in the Context of Psycholinguistic Analysis

In the article, analysis and generalization of theoretical and experimental data on the study of human speech behavior allow us to conditionally distinguish the following three aspects in the structure of language ability: the language mechanism or the ability to master a language (native and / or foreign), the language organization of a person or mental representation and organization in the mind of the speaker systems of signs of a natural language and the norms of their communication, the speech mechanism or the ability to carry out speech activity - to produce and perceive speech statements.

Прагмалингвистический аспект речевой деятельности политика на примере медиавысказываний с комическим эффектом

To study the speech behaviour of a politician by the method of a pragmalinguistic experiment, the personality of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov was chosen, who is not coincidentally called “the Minister of sharp phrases” in the media. The aim of the work is to establish how his speech behaviour and the features of the speech he produces depend on the choice of the speech means (grammatical and textual) selected by the politician, which may indicate some qualitative features of his personality as an author. Attaining the research aim involves identifying a fragment of the politician’s speech portrait taking into account the quantitative data of the plans of the strategy “Participation/non-participation of communicants in a speech event”. All texts were divided into small syntactic groups, the total number of analysed units was 113. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the use of a set of methods helped to identify for the first time a fragment of the politician’s speech portrait based on the analysis of his influencing media statements with a humorous effect. The described experiment concerns an emotion-oriented strategy of covert influence, which includes three plans: personal, social and subject, each of them acts as a diagnostic one to determine the personal qualities of the sender of the text. As a result, the analysis showed that S. V. Lavrov’s speech behaviour is dominated by the social plan – 43.4%, indicating a great influence of the speech of the politician who not only possesses purposeful individualisation, but also social, political intentions, has an ideological attitude.

Сопоставление конфликтного речевого поведения в тексте художественной литературы и его экранизации: лексико-стилистический аспект

The aim of the study is to identify the most common patterns of changes in a literary text when adapting it for the screen in a situation of conflict communication. The paper discusses the lexical transformations of a literary text in its film adaptation. The scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the textual realisation of conflicting speech behaviour has not been compared in a literary text and its film adaptation before. The lexical transformations of conflicting speech behaviour that occur when adapting a literary text for the screen are being highlighted. It is the first time that a comparative method based on tactical steps as a minimum unit of consideration has been used. As a result, four types of lexical transformations have been identified: the preservation of lexical composition, the omission of lexical units, the addition of lexical units and the replacement of lexical units. The reasons for these transformations have been also determined: the transformations occur due to changes in the elements of the content of situations according to the director’s plan, due to the cinema’s greater ability to visually represent the objects of a literary work, due to the director’s ability and desire to enhance the expressiveness of the characters’ speech behaviour in the film adaptation to create an emotional impact on the viewer, as well as due to the styling of dialogues in the text of the novel to make them similar to oral speech, which causes the characters’ speech in the film adaptation to be more concise and filled with a large amount of colloquial vocabulary, unlike the literary source.

Речевая тактика комплимента в русском медийном диалоге (на фоне китайского языка)

The study aims to identify the specific national characteristics of the tactics of compliment in Russian speech behaviour against the background of Chinese speech behaviour. The work is novel in that it is the first to shed light on the peculiarities of the Russian speech tactics of compliment through the lens of its national specifics against the background of such an unrelated and typologically different from Russian language as Chinese. The study is carried out on the material of video recordings of media dialogues from Russian and Chinese TV programmes selected taking into account the conditions of symmetry of the considered communication situations. As a result of the study, it has been found that in Russian speech behaviour, a compliment is a frequent speech tactics that opens communication, it is more often expressed explicitly and in the form of a direct compliment within the frame “attractive appearance”. The study notes that Russian speech behaviour is dominated by compliments realised by the direct naming of the addressee’s positive property in combination with a positive assessment of this property by the speaker, without excessive expressiveness or metaphors and figurative comparisons. The simplicity and brevity of the Russian compliment are conditioned by the speaker’s desire to demonstrate the sincerity of their feelings.

The Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Gulgulia

Summary Language death is a phenomenon with symptoms related to demeaning vocabulary count and depletion of domains of language use along with the simplicity of linguistic structures. It commences by exhibiting traits of a declining number of fluent speakers, dwindling attitude of the speakers with regard to their heritage language, language shift, lack of inter-generational language transfer accompanied by a feeling that heritage language is inferior to outside languages, and Gulgulia exhibits every trait of such a dying language. It has become a waning language that is very close to its permanent extinction. The present study elucidates the ethnolinguistic vitality of Gulgulia tested through chosen sociolinguistic parameters which were found suitable to Gulgulia’s scenario. It also explores the linguistic situation of the Gulgulian community in Dhanbad, the community members’ language use in their homes and in their miscellaneous interethnic interactions and examines what relation prevails between the community’s language preference and their vitality. It was found that speaker variables, such as age, gender, and language competence governed the speaker’s attitude toward the heritage language. The location of the speech community is also a regulating factor in determining the inclination for preservation or attrition of the native language. The analysis of the speech behavior in the Gulgulian community confirms the loss of major genres such as the art of narration. Out of all the genres of language use, only two are surviving, which is alarming.

THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDENT’S SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE DURING THEIR FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES

The article analyzes the social component of the updated speech portrait of a university specialist. The sociocultural dominant of intercultural speech interaction is determined by the position of the individual in the social system, the situation of communication, his profession, region of origin, and age. In this regard, the subjects of communication are faced with various features of communication: this is communicative behavior, the cultural space of communication, the linguistic personality of a foreign language with an individually formed picture of the world. English language instruction at the Language Pedagogical Institute is governed by educational standards that call for a move to higher level of foreign language skill as measured by the mainstream European scale of non-native language proficiency. When learning a foreign language, particular focus should be placed on the practical aspects of mastering the language while taking into account contemporary linguistic trends, motivating factors, and the psychology-pedagogical aspects of oral speaking. Learning a foreign language becomes a creative process that opens up the culture and mindset of the nation where it is being learned. If a sociocultural aspect of learning foreign language content is fully realized, this will encourage students' interest in the subject and lead to more fully realized language mastery. The sociocultural field of research concerned with instructing the interpretation of foreign language speech is taken into consideration at the junction of competency-based and intercultural approaches. Emphasis is placed on the value of learning how to identify and evaluate the significance of social elements' influences on a speaker's speech behavior.

The use of metaphor in Georgian and American political discourse

The twenty-first century turned out to be quite difficult in many ways. Accordingly, the role of television political talk shows has greatly increased. Interest in political discourse is growing. Speaking on this issue, it is important to define speech behavior. The study of speech strategies and tactics is currently quite relevant, as they allow to identify the speech behavior of a person. However, it should be noted here that despite the common features, the political discourse of all countries is different. A similar type of discourse is characterized by the ability to express culture. The difference between media discourses in different languages is due to the difference in histories, socio-cultural contexts and journalistic activities. It is in this kind of discourse that politicians use various metaphors in order to influence the voters or degrade the opponent. Metaphor is a tool that is heavily used in politics. It is considered a powerful tool that politicians often use in their speeches to manipulate the feelings and opinions of listeners, and even to control the values of others. Metaphor has persuasive power because it combines pragmatic, cognitive, and linguistic knowledge with culture, ideology, and history (Charteris-Black 2004). According to Levinson, the interpretation of metaphor must derived from our general ability to think in analogies. According to Friedrich, "metaphor is only one type of analogy and part of a much larger context of analogical devices and associational thinking".There are also local metaphors common in the Georgian political society, which are understandable only to our society. For example, "Political Kiku". Everyone knows that Kiku is the hero of Chabua Amirejibi's novel “Data Tutashkhia”, who sells her body for money.

Association Strategies of Speech Behavior of Communicators in Coding Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Understanding the Role of Cognitive and Linguistic Processes in Communication.

In modern media, the names of fairy-tale and mythological images are used to convey certain emotions and connotations. The aim of the study is to analyze the characteristic associative strategies presented with the mythological images of a dragon, a paper tiger and a chimera in news texts of European and Chinese mass media. In this article, the method of text analysis was used to identify patterns and the most possible interpretations of lexical units. 100 articles from Chinese and European publications were selected for the analysis (About People's Daily Online, China News Service, Guardian and France 24). The required lexemes were most widely used in articles on political topics. The most used was the image of a paper tiger (4001 and 3587 units). This is due to its well-known metaphorical meaning in both cultures, while dragon differs in Chinese and European ones. Further research may focus on the search and analysis of other fairy tale and mythological images in mass media. The present study results may also be applied for further research in the field of linguistics and journalism.