This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as the validity of the results from Figure 3b,c and 5b cannot be guaranteed. The spectral noise from Figure 3b,c appears similar to the noise of spectra from other papers published by the authors: Figure 3b,c of the article published by the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 406 (2021) 113023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113023, Figure 3b,c of the article published by the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 587 (2021) 538–549 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.011 and Figure 5b,c of the article published by Separation and Purification Technology Article-in-Press (2021) 118511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118511. Also, the graphs from Figure 5b appear similar to graphs from Figure 9c of the article that Soheila Asadzadeh-Khaneghah, Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh and Davod Seifzadeh have previously published in the Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 87 (2018) 98-111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.017, despite the fact that they purportedly described distinct materials. One of the conditions for submitting a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in any publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.