Specific Synonymies Research Articles

Revision of the Australian species of Pleistodontes (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) fig-pollinating wasps and their host-plant associations

The Australian species of Pleistodontes, fig-pollinating wasps, are revised. In Australia, 14 species of Ficus belonging to the Urostigma sect. Malvanthera are known. From these Ficus, 17 species of Pleistodontes are recorded, of which seven are described as new. All type material has been examined and four new specific synonymies are proposed. One species, P. regalis Grandi, is resurrected from synonymy, while another, P. nitens (Girault) is redescribed. A key to females of Australian Pleistodontes is provided. All species are defined by means of full morphological descriptions, diagnosis, SEM photographs and drawings. Lectotypes are designated for nine species. The known distribution of each species is also given. Host plant (Ficus) associations are re-assessed in the light of this work and the recent revision of Australian Ficus sect. Malvanthera. In most cases there is a one-to-one relationship between Ficus and Pleistodontes species; however, three notable exceptions are discussed. Finally, our morphological study suggests strongly that the genus Pleistodontes includes some species that pollinate fig flowers actively and others that effect only passive pollination.

An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian Subregion

An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Indian subcontinent (excluding the subfamily Epilachninae) comprising 400 species (including six subspecies) under 79 genera, 22 tribes and five subfamilies, is given. The current combination, original citation, synonyms, distribution and type depository (wherever known) are given for the included species. Three new specific synonymies [Harmonia breiti Mader = H. expallida (Weise); Ortalia yunnanensis Pang & Mao = O. horni Weise; and Scymnus picescens Gorham = S.fuscatus Boheman], one generic synonymy [Aponephus Booth = Nephus Mulsant] and six new combinations [Coelophora perrotteti Mulsant and C. unicolor (Fabricius) with Phrynocaria Timberlake, Platynaspis bimaculata Pang & Mao with Platynaspidius Miyatake, Aponephus lentiformis Booth with Nephus Mulsant, Pseudoscymnus luteoniger Canepari with Clitostethus Mulsant, and Sukunahikona popei Vazirani with Scotoscymnus Weise] are proposed. A list of coccinellids introduced into the region, but not established, is also given.

Estudio taxonómico preliminar de los Grylloidea de España (Insecta, Orthoptera)

In the present paper a taxonomic and faunistic study of the superfamily of Grylloidea of Spain including the Balearic and Canary Islands is carried on. Sixty species and subspecies are reported for the study area, six of them new to science: Petaloptila (P.) fermini, P. (P.) isabelae, P. (Zapetaloptila) venosa, P. (Z.) barrancoi, Paramogoplistes dentatus sp. n. and Grylloderes orlovskajae adventicius subsp. n. ; likewise are erected two new subgenera Italoptila and Zapetaloptila . One correct synonymy of the genus Grylloderes Bolivar, 1894 (= Platygryllus Chopard, 1961, syn. dist. ), seven specific synonymies are established: Gryllomorpha (G.) dalmatina (Ocskay, 1832) (= Gryllomorpha dalmatina strumae Andreeva, 1982, syn. n. ), Petaloptila (P.) aliena (Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1882) (= Discoptila eitschbergeri Harz, 1976, syn. n. ), Acheta hispanicus Rambur, 1839 (= Gryllus erythrospilus Walker, 1869, syn. n. , Gryllus hispanicus var. fusculus Bolivar, 1927, syn. n. ), Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Latreille, 1802) (= Gryllodes ferdinandi Bolivar, 1899, syn. n. , Gryllus chinensis var. intermedia Bolivar, 1927, syn. n. ), Eugryllodes pipiens (Dufour, 1820) (= Gryllodes pipiens var. provincialis Azam, 1901, syn. n. ) and besides five new status and one new combination. Three species [ Eumodicogryllus theryi (Chopard, 1943), Sciobia natalia Gorochov, 1985 and Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993] are recorded for the first time for the Iberian Peninsula, being the former two also new for Europe, one ( Svercus p. palmetorum Krauss, 1902) for Peninsular Spain, three [ Natula averni (Costa, 1855), comb. n. , Acanthogryllus acus Gorochov, 1988, under this name, and Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996], for the Canary Islands, being latter recorded also for the first time for Algeria and Modicogryllus (M.) algirius (Saussure, 1877) is also recorded for the first time for France. On the other hand, we recognise Eugryllodes panteli (Cazurro, 1888) as a good species. An identification key with figures for the species of the genus Petaloptila is presented. The male genitalia of several species is also studied for the first time. The type series of Gryllodes macropterus Fuente, 1894 and Gryllotalpa septemdecimchromosomica Ortiz, 1958 and two paratypes of Gryllomorpha adspersa merobricensis Fernandes, 1959, stat. n. are localized. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of 17 taxons are designated. The distribution of all species is revised.

Generic Assignment and Synonymy of Some Indo-West Pacific Aphrophoridae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London

The type specimens representing most of the Indo-West Pacific species of Aphrophoridae described by Walker, Distant, China, and Lallemand in the Natural History Museum, London, were examined. As a result, four new generic synonymies, eleven new specific synonymies, thirtyseven new combinations, and one reinstated combination are proposed below.

Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea)

SummaryFifty‐three European species of Metaphycus are revised. Three generic synonymies are proposed, nine species are described as new, sixteen new specific synonymies and four new combinations are proposed and lectotypes are designated for three species (lounsburyi, philippiae, timberlakei). A dichotomous key to the species is provided, each species is further characterized by a description and notes are provided on their distribution and known hosts. A host‐parasitoid index for all known European species is provided as an appendix.

Taxonomic changes in the genera Oosternum Sharp and Paroosternum Scott (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

AbstractExamination of the relevant types and other material of species of Oosternum Sharp and Paroosternum Scott has proven it necessary to establish the following taxonomic changes: The genus Pemelus Horn, 1890 is considered a junior synonym of Oosternum Sharp, 1882. Cercyon sorex Sharp, 1874, currently placed in Oosternum, is transferred to Paroosternum. The following new specific synonymies are established (senior synonym given first): Paroosternum degayanum Scott, 1913 = Oosternum ecarinatum Orchymont, 1942; Cercyon sorex Sharp, 1874 [now Paroosternum s.] = Oosternum horni Orchymont, 1914. Oosternum sharpi nom. n. is proposed as a new replacement name for Oosternum costatum Sharp, 1882 nec (Le-Conte, 1855).

A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Aphidoidea)

The species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) known from China are revised. This study is based largely on newly-collected material from Fujian and Guangdong provinces in mainland China, and from the island of Taiwan. A total of 76 species are treated, including 29 new species, one new combination and 16 new records for China. All species are fully described or diagnosed, and illustrated. Three new specific synonymies are proposed and two lectotypes are designated. Four species are described from males only, three belonging to the perflava-group (ancistrocera, echinocera, viggianii), having modified antennae, and one (magnivena) in the strenua-group having very unusual fore wings. A key to the Chinese species of Encarsia, based largely on females, is provided.

TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA): NOMENCLATURAL REVIEW AND CHANGES, PRIMARILY FOR AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

AbstractThe Tachinidae of America north of Mexico have undergone extensive changes in nomenclature since the last catalogue was produced in 1965. Many of these changes were published in the Tachinidae chapter ofManual of Nearctic Diptera, but few of the changes in that work were explicitly stated and none was recorded inZoological Record. These changes, which included a new genus, new records for America north of Mexico, new generic synonymies, and hundreds of new combinations (including extralimital species), are documented here. This paper also includes more than 30 nomenclatural changes proposed as new herein by the junior author (primarily for America north of Mexico), representing new generic and specific synonymies and new combinations. A new record for America north of Mexico is reported.

Taxonomic Notes on Gnaphosidae(Araneae) from Japan.

In this short report I deal with a new specific transfer and two new specific synonymies on the family Gnaphosidae from Japan.I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. M. Grasshoff, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, for loaning the type specimen of Drassodes rotundifoveatus.

Oriental and eastern Palaearctic Aphrophorid fauna (Homoptera: Aphrophoridae): taxonomic changes and nomenclatural notes

The type specimens of the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic Aphrophoridae described by Matsumura were examined and the following nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are made. Thirty genera described by Matsumura (1940a, 1942) are synonymised. With Amarusa Walker, 1857: Okiptyelus; With Aphrophora Germar, 1821: Awaphora, Nagafukia, Macrofukia, Miphora, Nagophora, Boniphora, Formophora, Hosophora, Ogaphora, Sabphora, Sagophora, Seiphora, Tamaphora, Tonkaephora, and Tukaphora; With Ariptyelus Matsumura, 1940a: Toroptyelus; With Clovia Stål, 1866: Betaclovia; With Peuceptyelus Sahlberg, 1871: Jembropsis, Kitaptyelus, Eguptyelus, Futaptyelus, Iwaptyelus, Kageptyelus, Maptyelus, Koreptyelus, Mimoptyelus, Oiptyelus, Sappoptyelus, and Nikkoptyelus. Ten previously recognised generic synonymies of Aphrophora are confirmed. Fifty-two new or reinstated specific combinations are established to follow the generic changes. Thirty-three new specific synonymies are also proposed.

Generic revision of the New World tribe Hoplophorionini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae)

Abstract.The tribe Hoplophorionini Goding, 1926, includes 105 species of treehoppers in 10 genera. All are apparently subsocial and lack mutualism with honeydew‐collecting hymenopterans. In many species, parental investment in offspring is unique because of a specialized kicking defence (described herein) and construction of extra‐ovipositional punctures in the host tissue through which nymphs feed. The tribe occurs from Canada to Chile, with most generic diversity in Central America but most species diversity near the equator. Three genera,StalotypaMetcalf,Ramosella, new genus andStirpis, new genus, are endemic to the Greater Antilles but do not constitute a monophyletic group; the first two genera appear most closely related toTurrialbia, new genus, from Costa Rica. Host plant specializations and other biological attributes are summarized for genera and species. A phylogenetic analysis of 23 hoplophorionine species produced 9 minimal‐length cladograms that were similar in many respects.PotniaStål appears to have retained the greatest number of ancestral features. Aposematic teneral coloration of adults probably evolved once. The modification of the ancestral kicking behaviour by the first hoplophorionines appears to have released them from a constraint on pronotal form.Diagnoses are given for adults of all genera and, when possible, for immatures. A key is presented for the 10 genera; three are described as New Genera based on the cladistic analysis:Ramosella, Stirpis, andTurrialbia.Three New Species are described:Ramosella thalli, Stirpis jamaicensis, andTurrialbia felina.The genusMicropeplaSakakibara is considered a junior synonym ofOchropeplaStal, New Generic Synonymy.Umbonia terribilisWalker is moved from synonymy underAlchisme virescens(Fairmaire) to a New Synonymy underUmbonia reductaWalker. The subspeciesPlatycotis vittata vittata(Fabricius),P. vittata lineata(Fairmaire), andP. vittata quadrivittata(Say) are returned to synonymy withPlatycotis vittata(Fabricius), Reinstated Specific Synonymies. Three species are Reinstated as valid:Alchisme obscura(Walker) andA. veruta(Fowler), both from synonymy underA. turrita(Germar); andUmbonia reductaWalker, from synonymy underU. crassicomis(Amyot & Serville). Five New Combinations are proposed:Alchisme antigua(Funkhouser), referred fromUmbonia; A. sordida(Germar), referred fromPlatycotis; A. sagittata(Germar), elevated from subspecific rank underPlatycotis vittata; Ochropepla mourei(Sakakibara), referred fromMicropepla;andRamosella dominicensis(Ramos), referred fromPlatycotis. Platycotis nigrorufa(Walker),P. cornutaPlummer,P. salvini(Fowler), andP. fuscata(Fowler) were previously unplaced to subgenus; the first is referred toPlatycotis (LophopeltaStal) and the others toPlatycotis(PlatycotisStål).Microschaema nigrostrigataBuckton is moved from synonymy underAlchisme recurva(Stål) to a New Synonymy underEnnya dorsalis(Fairmaire) of the tribe Polyglyptini, subfamily Smiliinae.A checklist with critical synonymies and indexes to hoplophorionine taxa and host plant associations are provided. Lectotypes are designated forCentrotus vittatusFabricius,Hoplophora lineataFairmaire,Membracis venosaGermar,Potnia affinisBuckton, andTriquetra obtusaFowler.

Key to the Holarctic species ofAnagrusHaliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa

The Holarctic species of the genus Anagrus Haliday are keyed. The Palaearctic species, other than the European ones revised earlier by Chiappini (1989), and 10 out of 11 valid species described from the Nearctic region are reviewed, based on a study of their type material. Two new species, A. rilensis Donev sp. n. and A. longitibialis Donev sp. n., are described from Bulgaria. A new specific synonymy is proposed: A. giraulti Crawford, 1913 with A. nigriventris Girault, 1911 (described as A. armatus var. nigriventris). New replacement name: A. oregonensis S. Triapitsyn nom. n. pro A. nigriceps Girault, 1915 (A. armatus var. nigriceps) nec Smits van Burgst, 1914. A. spiritus Girault, 1911 and A. columbi Perkins, 1905 are reinstated as valid species. A checklist of 68 presently recognized species of Anagrus is given in accordance with their distribution in different biogeographic regions.

The spittlebug genusEoscartaBreddin of China and adjacent areas (Homoptera: Cercopidae)

Abstract The spittlebugs of the genus Eoscarta Breddin of China and adjacent areas are revised and 12 species are recognized: E. assimilis (Uhler), comb, rev.; E. aurora Kirkaldy; E. binotata, sp. nov. [type locality: Vietnam: Blao and Fyan]; E. borealis (Distant); E. elongata (Matsumura), comb, nov.; E. karschi Schmidt; E. liternoides Breddin; E. ochraceous (Metcalf & Horton), comb, nov.; E. parva, sp. nov. [type locality: China: Fujian, Guangxi, and Yunnan]; E. spenceri, sp. nov. [type locality: Cambodia: Kiri Rom]; E. tonkinensis Lallemand; and E. zonalis (Matsumura), comb. rev. Two new generic synonymies and one new specific synonymy are presented (senior synonym listed first): Eoscarta Breddin = Eoscartoides Matsumura = Eoscartopsis Matsumura; E. ochraceous (Metcalf & Horton), comb. nov. = E. transparent Chou & Wu. One neotype and four lectotypes are newly designated. A key to species is given.

A revision of the Indian species ofGonatocerusNees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae)

Abstract The Indian species of Gonatocerus Nees are revised. Thirty-nine valid species are recognized from India, including eleven species described as new in this paper. The Indian species are referred to three already known species-groups (ater-, sulphuripes-, litoralis-gioxips), and a new species-group (asulcifrons-group) proposed here for two Indian species. Separate keys to the species-groups and to species of three groups are given. The present study led to the proposal of 13 specific synonymies. Also five species are recorded from India for the first time, one species (kodaianus) described in Ooctonus Haliday is transferred to Gonatocerus as a new combination, and one species, G. longicrus Kieffer, is regarded as insertae sedis.

North American encyrtid fauna (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): taxonomic changes and new taxa

We present preliminary taxonomic information necessary for a generic key to North American Encyrtidae. Fourteen new generic synonymies, one new specific synonymy, 67 new combinations and three replacement names are proposed. Twenty one genera and 18 species are described as new.

A taxonomic revision of the Oriental spittlebug genusPaphnutiusDistant (Homoptera: Cercopidae)

The spittlebug genus Paphnutius is transferred from the Tomaspidini to the Considiini. The genus is revised and redescribed to contain nine species. A key to species is given and all species are redescribed and illustrated with their distributional data provided. One new species is described and one new generic synonymy, six new specific synonymies and four new combinations are established. Five lectotypes are newly designated. Paphnutius costimaculus Metcalf and Horton is considered as a species incertae sedis.

The Nearctic species ofOrmyrusWestwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Ormyridae)

The 16 Nearctic species of Ormyrus are revised; seven new species are described (acylus sp. n., crassus sp. n., reticulatus sp. n., setosus sp. n., tenuis sp. n., turio sp. n., and venustus sp. n.); five new specific synonymies are proposed (labotus Walker = quercipilulae Fitch, quercus Ashmead, brunneipes Provancher, ventricosus Ashmead, and minutus Ashmead). Relationships of the genus are discussed as well as generic limits, and one genus is newly synonymized with Ormyrus (Avrasyamyrus Doganlar). A key to the Nearctic species is presented, and descriptions or re-descriptions are offered for all species, as well as information on hosts and biology. Geographic distributions of closely associated members of three trophic levels are compared: oak, cynipid, and Ormyrus species.

Phylogenetic relations among the South American thynnine tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera)

Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships among the South American thynnine tiphiids are analysed, using previously unused characters from the female head, male and female terminalia, mouthparts and thorax. A new tribe, Scotaenini, is proposed to include the South American genera: Scotaena, Anodontyra, Pseudelaphroptera, Parelaphroptera, Glottynoides, Glottynnus, Rostrynnus and Ornepetes. One genus, Aelurus, is the only neotropical representative of the tribe Rhagigasterini. The remaining South American genera belong to the Thynnini. In addition, keys to and a synonymic checklist of the South American genera are included. One specific synonymy (Anodontyra interrupta Duran 1941 with A.tricolor Westwood 1835), and one generic synonymy (Pseudornepetes Duran 1941 with Pseudelaphroptera Ashmead 1903) are proposed. Telephoromyia exsecta Turner is newly transferred to Spilothynnus.

A reappraisal and revision of the genus Anthracalaus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

AbstractThe genus Anthracalaus Fairmaire is redefined to include 17 species distributed throughout the Oriental and Australasian (IndoPacific) regions as well as a disjunct species from Arizona, U.S.A. These species are figured, redescribed or described as new, and a key is provided for their separation. Five new species, A. brittoni and A. kimberleyensis from Australia, A. lamingtonensis from New Guinea, A. solomonensis from the Solomon Islands and A. fleutiauxi from Vietnam, are described. The types of twelve previously described species have been examined and lectotypes are designated for A. agrypnoides Fleutiaux, A. australis Fleutiaux, A. moricii Fairmaire, Corymbites bengalensis Candèze, Neopristilophus confusus Fleutiaux, and N. dissimilis Fleutiaux. The following specific synonymies are proposed: Anthracalaus pasteuri Candèze = Anthracalaus westermanni(Candèze); Homotechnes brunneus Fleutiaux = Anthracalaus bengalensis (Candèze); and both Neopristilophus confusus Fleutiaux and N. dissimilis Fleutiaux = Anthracalaus morosus (Candeze).The taxa Neopristilophus bengalensis (Candèze), N cirratipilis (Candèze), N. luzonicus (Candèze), N. morosus (Candèze) and N. novaguinensis Van Zwaluwenburg are transferred to Anthracalaus. The monobasic genus Pseudomelanactes Mathieu is proposed as a new junior synonym of Anthracalaus As the type species of Pseudomelanactes, agrypnoides Van Dyke (1932) is a senior secondary homonym of Anthracalaus agrypnoides Fleutiaux (1940), edmondi is proposed as a replacement name for the latter. The species are cladistically analyzed. The resultant cladogram implies a link between the Oriental/Nearctic regions exclusive of Australia + New Guinea + Solomon Islands.

A revision of the spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Homoptera: Cercopidae)

AbstractThe spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt is revised. Five species are recognised: P. atricapilla (Distant) comb. n.; P. bicolor sp. n. (Yunnan Province, China); P. darjilingi (Lallemand); P. fuscipennis (Haupt); and P. seminigra (Melichar) (type species). A key to species is given and all species are described and illustrated with their distributional data provided. One new generic synonymy and three new specific synonymies are presented: Paracercopis Schmidt = Esakius Ôuchi; P. atricapilla (Distant) comb. n. = E. chekiangensis Õuchi = P. transversa Lallemand & Synave, P. fuscipennis (Haupt) = E. sinensis Ôuchi. Four lectotypes are newty designated. Paracercopis fusca (Melichar) is returned to Eoscarta Breddin. Paracercopis duplicinigra Jacobi is treated as a nomen nudum.