Special Work Research Articles

Drill pipe joints fatigue analysis and optimization under special working conditions

Recently, the number of ultra-deep and extended reach wells has continuously increased. The failure of the drill pipe is prominent when drilling. The thickened area of the drill pipe body and the position of the drill pipe joint often appear fatigued, especially the internal thickening zone for the nonlinear structure of the cast component. Fatigue failure occurred at the drill pipe joint due to non-linear contact between the male and female snaps. The fatigue life S-N curves show that the overall life of drilling with high-resistance torsion drill pipe is increased by 136% compared with API drill pipe, though the maximum stress value was reduced by 8.4%. The high-bend drill pipe has an overall life improvement of 174% over the API drill pipe. High flexural drill pipe reduces stress by 10% compared to the maximum value. At the same time, the drill pipe’s fatigue period and safety factor can be improved by adjusting the drilling speed and annulus pressure properly.

Verbal representation of the emotional world of heroes: based on the material of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы»

The language of the heroic tale is a complex system that encodes information about the national, ideological, cultural foundations of an ethnic group, and is significantly different from the literary and colloquial styles of the modern language. Despite the fact that the texts of heroic tales have always aroused the scientific interest of researchers, their linguistic categories have not yet received sufficient study. The purpose of our article is to identify and describe the linguistic (in particular, verbal) expression of the emotional world of heroes. The material for the functional-semantic analysis was the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of emotion, collected by continuous sampling from the text of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы». According to our information, this folklore monument contains 19 verbs, 3 phraseological units and 1 clichéd expression representing the emotional world of epic characters. The small number of representatives of the emotional world of heroes is compensated by their ambiguity and, accordingly, their ability to cover all the necessary aspects of emotional activity. The work used descriptive (descriptiveanalytical) and functional-semantic research methods. The relevance of our research is due to the insufficient knowledge of the language of Khakass heroic tales, in particular, the verbal sphere from the perspective of the anthropocentric paradigm, as well as the small number of special works on this topic based on the material of other Turkic folklore texts. The novelty of the research is that for the first time, not only in Khakass, but also in other Turkic languages, verbs expressing the emotional experiences of heroes are considered as an irreplaceable and important fragment of the folk-linguistic picture of the world. During the analysis of linguistic material, it was revealed that epic heroes can experience the following emotions: anger, surprise, excitement, fear, compassion, shame, love (more precisely, dislike), suffering, grief, which are expressed by stylistically neutral, frequency verbs. And also the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of crying and laughter stands somewhat apart from them, since its content equally contains emotions and the physiological reaction of the subject to the corresponding emotional stimuli. Clichéd expressions and phraseological units also add shades of color and originality to the process of emotional activity. Linguistic folkloristics, as a new direction in Khakassian studies, is at the initial stage of its development. The language of Khakass heroic tales has many unstudied, unsolved, and therefore interesting conceptual fields in the lexical-semantic, functional-semantic, semantic-cognitive, linguocultural aspects. We believe that this topic has good linguistic potential and prospects for future research.

Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer – distribution features on the north-western border of the area

As a result of special work, it was revealed that the Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer is a rare species of the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Krai. It is shown that until recently, the features of its distribution in the northwestern edge of its area were unknown. Our special long-term research has allowed us to identify it in many parts of this region. It is shown that all his finds are limited to the occurrence of small curtains of this species (2-10 flowering plants, rarely up to 20 and only in two cases 50-70 flowering stems). It has been established that this species is most common on the rivers of the Republic of Buryatia – Upper Angara and Kichera. The most typical stations of the species have been identified - very well-insulated open parts of grass-sedge swamps with separate lakes. It is shown that the main limiting factor for it is the lack of heat at the northwestern border of its area. Here, its distribution is limited by the mountain floodplain water regime. Summer floods coming from the mountains and reaching the strength of large and even catastrophic floods carry very cold waters, strongly depressing the vegetation of aquatic vegetables. It is proved that the conservation of this species can only be ensured by creating a network of differently ranked specially protected natural territories. For species with a local distribution of small parts suitable for their habitat, the organization of Natural Monuments at the republican and federal levels is the most promising.

Patient Satisfaction with Antiretroviral Therapy Services in Hadiya Zone, Central Ethiopia Using the Donebidean Model: A Time-Motion Study.

A time-motion study is a scientific method for recording time spent on various tasks in a narrow range of specialized work settings, beginning with initial enrollment in ART provision. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the time motion of patient satisfaction with antiretroviral therapy services in Central Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 422 patients from June 14 to July 30, 2021. We used a simple random sampling technique to select the participants. Structural input-related qualitative data were collected using an in-depth interview and used for concurrent triangulation with quantitative. Quantitative data were collected using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of time motion and patient satisfaction. The degree of association between the outcome and independent variables was assessed by using an odds ratio with a 95% CI. The time motion of patient satisfaction study found that 53.1% (224/422) of the study participants were satisfied. As independent predictors, time spent (time motion) waiting to be seen by a health professional (AOR = 0.228, 95% CI = 0.079-0.661), patient-provider interaction (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.111-5.771), perceived privacy (AOR = 2.912, 95% CI = 1.76-2.78), sex (AOR = 2.499, 95% CI = 1.556-4.009), and income class (AOR = 0.228, 95% CI = 0.073-0.707) were associated with outcome variable. The study found low patient satisfaction with ART services, indicating the need for further improvement to enhance patient-centered services with the given time motion. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the intensity and reach of the information through an analysis of pre- and post-intervention that provides a complete picture of conceptualizations of time motion studies.

RESHAPING TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONS IN THE DIGITISED SOCIETY

This article highlights the need to redefine teacher-student relationships according to the generations of students’ characteristics (Generation Z, Generation Alpha). Each generation has a specific way of learning and interacting with peers or adults. The theoretical premises of the study are to be found in the recent work of psychologists, sociologists, and specialists in educational sciences on how social characteristics influence the life style of people belonging to that generation. The school with all its structure, content, and relationships cannot but be affected by the changes imposed by technology, globalisation, and social dynamism. This study used qualitative methods (interviews and observation of teachers’ classroom behaviour) carried out in the school year 2022-2023. We have taken a constructivist-interpretive approach in conducting the research. A number of 60 participants (20 teachers from primary, 20 secondary, and 20 from high school level) from Braşov were involved in the study. Five teachers from primary schools were observed in the classroom. The results revealed that there are still teachers who have a classical view of relationships with pupils but who are making efforts to understand, accept, and adapt to the generations of pupils. One of the conclusions of the research is that teachers need to restructure their conceptions of the teacher-student interaction to suit the way students in the society of the future will learn and, more importantly, live. In fact, this teacher-student relationship is based on the values of accepting the diversity of students, personalising learning, motivating, and empowering students while ensuring their well-being is the basis of quality education.

Relationship between the Maintenance Management Problems and the Maintenance Performance of High-Rise Residential Buildings

Building maintenance is the practice to retain the property habitable and functioning as it is designed for. However, the effectiveness of maintenance management appears to be the issue in housing context. Many maintenance management problems still exist up to date. They are likely to influence the service quality and resident satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of this research is to establish the relationship between the maintenance management problems and the maintenance performance. The research adopted quantitative approach to achieve the research aim. The approach comprised of literature review, questionnaire survey using google form that included both close-ended and open-ended questions. Based on the literature review, fourteen (14) maintenance management problems of high-rise residential buildings are identified. From the correlation analysis result, two (2) significance correlations are determined. The maintenance budget overrun is significantly correlated with the ratio of actual maintenance spent to planned maintenance cost (cost variance) of high-rise residential building, and a significant correlation occurs between unavailability of spare parts and ratio of actual to planned maintenance downtime (equipment effectiveness) of high-rise residential building. Besides, the opinions and strategies on solving the maintenance management problems were provided, including educating the residents about the Strata Management Act 2013, selecting qualified maintenance contractor, outsourcing the maintenance services, implementation of preventive maintenance (PM), hiring specialist to perform special maintenance work, providing training for maintenance staffs, formulating the building maintenance regulation, ensuring transparency of financial account, and setting up maintenance policy.

RESEARCH OF THE RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY AND SUBURBAN AREA – CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES

With the development of large cities, stable and dynamic development of recreational areas becomes relevant both directly in cities and in suburban areas for short-term stay of urban residents. The problems of organizing recreation in the city and suburban area were dealt with by specialists in architecture and urban planning, specialists in recreational geography and researchers noted that recreational activities are clearly differentiated geographically and are directly related to the natural properties of the territory. The methodological problem of such developments is their predominant orientation to commercial forms of recreational activities, in particular to tourism and to mass organized recreation, which has its own management and marketing. Other types of recreational activities – mass unorganized recreation and domestic forms of recreation and leisure – are practically considered in this context, experience not considered in this context, experience has shown that recreation is actually a complex phenomenon. A typical problem has become an intersectoral one, which requires the joint work of many specialists. The aim of the study is to deepen the concept of the recreational environment of the city and suburban area. Currently, the «city-suburban zone» system is considered as a single whole with its own connections, interdependencies and interactions, with its own principles of integrated and synergistic development. One of the main functions of the suburban area is recreation and recreation of the city’s population. There is a practical need to consider the recreational resources of the city and suburban area together and term this combination as the «recreational environment of the city». The recreational environment of the city and suburban area is considered as a multicomponent system that combines components – natural, historical and cultural, social, economic, manmade, environmental, legal, managerial, information environments. The recreational environment, formalized as a result of the overlap and interaction of the original environmental environments – natural, historical, cultural, and social, technogenic, economic, ecological is a set of resource components united by a common social function-ensuring the recreational needs of the population.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT IN SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Since the development of small business is approved as one of the strategic goals of the national economy of Republic of Uzbekistan, study of the small business management issues becomes relevant today. In this regard, our article aims to discuss the features of management specific for small businesses in order to study best practices that can enhance small business growth. The different works of various researchers and specialists are observed regarding the topic of the study. management methods for running of small entities are reviewed. During the study, both advantages and disadvantages of small business management are observed in detail. And the series of modern software products are offered for small businesses which aim at facilitating business processes.

The Structure and Application of a Flexible Manipulator Based on Octopus Biomimetics

With the gradual development of modern science and technology, robotic arms have become increasingly important equipment, which can replace humans to complete various tasks. It has played an important role in many fields such as science, military, and industry. But the traditional rigid manipulator is often limited in some special working environments. With the development of Bionics, people find that flexible manipulator has better performance in the special working environment. This article studies the mechanical structure, driving mode, control mode, and bionic suction cup of the octopus’s biomimetic robotic arm, and conducts application analysis in three aspects: underwater rescue, narrow space operation, and fire rescue. It has been proven that flexible robotic arms have higher flexibility and larger motion space than rigid robotic arms. The octopus’s biomimetic robotic arm has high flexibility and large load-bearing capacity, which has great research significance in dealing with special working environments such as narrow spaces.

Advantages and Challenges of Inclusive Education: Analysis of Teachers’ Subjective Experiences

The article aims to reveal the context of the expression of advantages and challenges of inclusive education. The research was based on an interpretive approach to research methodology in order to find out the attitude of the research participants – teachers of general education schools – about the reality of the implementation of inclusive education in the context of general education. In order to achieve high-quality education for all, the teachers saw the positive benefits of inclusion for all participants in the process of education, the community of the institution, the positive process of socialization, and the emotional well-being of children. It is emphasized that the successful implementation of the principle of inclusion in the school is impossible without changing values, attitudes, and beliefs, constructive and effective cooperation, team work of teachers and educational support specialists both when planning activities and directly working in the classroom.

Patient-reported measures for integrated care assessment: interprofessional collaboration, self-care and outcomes.

Chronicity is spreading and rapidly becoming a urgent issue also for the complexity of care. 32.2 million of NCD deaths (80%) are due to chronic diseases (1). Every country has been developing strategies to guarantee assistance to chronic patients while ensuring the sustainability of the system. Interprofessional collaboration is among the features to improve the assistance for chronic patients and to reach coordination, appropriateness, and continuity along the care pathways (2,3). Data collection on this topic is still scarce, especially from the point of view of patients themselves. Patient Reported Outcome and Experience Measures (PROMs and PREMs) collected in an integrated way can help in understanding the relationship of experience and outcome along the patient care pathway, thus providing a complete vision of the quality and integration of care from the patient perspective (4).
 This work aims at reporting some preliminary results about the impact of interprofessional collaboration on the health outcomes and self-care capacity of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. 
 Data from the Observatory on PROMs and PREMs of the Tuscany Region in Italy will be used to explore the hypothesis that interprofessional collaboration can lead to better self-care and outcome scores as reported by patients. The selected sample replied to four questionnaires: one at discharge by the hospital, a first follow-up after 30 days; a second follow-up after 7 months; a final follow-up after 12 months (5). Average scores and deltas for the KCCQ-12 and the SCHFI scales will be used to detect potential differences between patients’ self-care, health status and quality of care according to the reported level of integration between the general practitioner and the specialist.
 132 responses were valid to be analysed. At baseline, 23% of patients declared that their GP and their specialist were in contact to take care of the care pathway, 15% declared they did not know. Differences between scores are not significant for the KCCQ-12 on health status and quality of life. A weak difference emerged for the Self-care Maintenance about daily lifestyle adherence. 
 Further research should be conducted on this topic to understand if these results are linked to a scarce knowledge of patients with respect to the joint work of GPs and specialists or if the interprofessional collaboration is not sufficient to guarantee an improvement of outcomes, at least for CHF patients. Indeed, the same analyses could be repeated on other two chronic populations (e.g. diabetic and IBD patients) which are providing their data that will be available next year.
 
 1.2018. “NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide Trends in NCD Mortality and Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4.” Lancet 
 2.Pascucci2021. “Impact of Interprofessional Collaboration on Chronic Disease Management.” Health Policy 
 3.Davidson2022. “What Do Patients Experience? Interprofessional Collaborative Practice for Chronic Conditions in Primary Care” BMC Primary Care
 4.Pennucci“Can the Jointly Collection of PROMs and PREMs Improve Integrated Care?” IJIC
 5.Pennucci“Piloting a Web-Based Systematic Collection and Reporting of PROMs/PREMs in Chronic Heart Failure.” BMJ Open

Organization of design and research activities of students in teaching elements of series theory

This article is about organizing the design and research work of students through project work when teaching elements of series theory in high school. When teaching elements of series theory, the possibility of dividing the design and research work of schoolchildren into four types is described. The mechanisms for organizing simulation-restorative, scientific-implementation and creative-design work of students are given. The types of project work of schoolchildren, tasks and stages of their implementation are highlighted. It has been determined that teaching the elements of series theory using the project method meets the requirements of the modern credit education system and can meet the tasks posed from the point of view of our time. The article defines the features of the concepts “project method”, “design method”, “using the design method in the classroom”, “design and research work of students”, design teaching technologies. When using the design method, it is stated that special design work (tasks) that puts students in a problem situation, its features and the possibility of getting out of this situation, including a set of different methods that encourage students to search and conduct research. In addition, it is shown that the use of the design method makes it possible to evaluate not only the preparation process, but also the final result of the students’ work.

On the Conditions for the Introducing Distance Learning in Russian Universities

Modern computer and Internet technologies make it possible not only to transfer educational materials to digital media, but also to implement in a remote format various teaching methods, diagnostics, individualization of educational interests and trajectories, and much more. In addition, modern technologies in this area allow us to do what was simply impossible within the framework of the conventional education system. But the issue of a reasonable measure of the use of these technologies and the adequate setting and implementation of tasks in this direction requires special work. The article presents the results of this kind of work carried out on the basis of a program-project approach. Although the work was carried out within the framework of the assignment of the FEMU to classical universities for mathematical education, the specifics of universities and mathematical education were not significant. The assignment was to determine the readiness of the mathematical faculties of universities for the systematic use of distance learning through an expert survey of FEMU members. The relevance of the question of the timeliness of the introducing distance learning in a particular situation, on the one hand, and the problematic nature of this issue, due to the lack of proper systemic, logical grounds for its solution, prompted the author to apply his own method, which is conceptually different from the numerous surveys and “experiences” available in literature. The application of this method (“double inversion of position” or, in other words, “double negation”: intent – objections – withdrawal of objections), made it possible to formulate three principal lists. The first contains an explicitly formulated framework in which the introducing distance learning makes sense; the second and third represent the research and development program necessary for the implementation of distance learning. And already on the basis of the first list, related to the current situation, a survey of experts was conducted, which made it possible to formulate the main conclusions on the problem under discussion. The results obtained fix a logical necessity that does not depend on private opinions or specific features of the situation.

MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF PATIENTS DISSATISFIED WITH THE LEVEL OF DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGICAL CARE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The study aims to form a medical and psychological portrait of patients who are dissatisfied with the level of diagnostic radiological care during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the study of their opinion on the quality of work of radiological diagnostics services in medical institutions of Lviv city and region.
 Material and Methods. The study involved a sociological survey using the questionnaire method of 409 patients who applied for medical radiological diagnostics to medical institutions of Lviv city and region in 2023. According to the results of the survey, 2 focus groups were distinguished: group 1, "Dissatisfied" - 26 patients (6.36%), who expressed a certain level of dissatisfaction with the services received during the COVID-19 pandemic, group 2, "Satisfied" - 383 patients (93, 64%), who were generally satisfied with the services provided in the same period.
 Results and Discussion. Based on the obtained data, certain psychological and medical features characteristic of individuals who were dissatisfied with the quality of medical diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified, and their medical and psychological portrait was formed. Specifically, it is an individual who has already had an unsuccessful experience of visiting state health care facilities in the past, applies for a medical examination for work/study, mainly for the diagnosis of respiratory system organs, and is dissatisfied with the long waiting period until the appointed day of the examination and the long live queue for the examination, considers the attitude of the physician or another employee as unkind, is dissatisfied with the work of the diagnostic specialist and the opportunity to freely ask the physician the necessary questions, is dissatisfied with the low quality of medical equipment and cleanliness and comfort in the physician's office or the department.
 Conclusions. The obtained data on the characteristic features of individuals who were not satisfied with the medical care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic will be important in improving the work of the radiation diagnostics service.

Web photoplethysmography: opportunities and prospects

This literature review is devoted to the possibilities of using in clinical practice a new modification of photoplethysmography – its web version. The use of modern innovative techniques in the form of photo/video fixation of the human skin allows for contactless and remote assessment of the main physiological indicators of human health. This approach is of particular importance in conditions of shortage of medical workers, territorial separation of doctors and patients, restrictions in visiting medical institutions in the event of epidemics/pandemics of infectious diseases and it contributes to the development and implementation of telemedicine technologies in the daily work of medical specialists. The article discusses the possibilities of using web photoplethysmography to assess microcirculation (web capillaroscopy), heart rate and other indicators (respiratory rate, pulse rate, saturation, body temperature, etc.). Web photoplethysmography is a sensitive, simple and effective method of registering vital body functions. Its effectiveness as a possible screening method for detecting rhythm disturbances and its prospects in using blood pressure measurement has already been proven. The possibility of using not only video, but also photographic materials, for example, for the detection of cardiovascular diseases, is also described. No less promising is the possibility of using the method in conjunction with thermometry. The importance of studying aspects of web photoplethysmography is seen in the need to activate the processes of import substitution and technological sovereignty, as one of the main paradigms of our country’s development. It is obvious that the development of contactless research methods is one of the priorities in modern healthcare. Given the widespread availability of various devices, it is necessary to further explore the possibilities of using webcams and mobile devices in medical practice. The development and introduction into routine practice of medical devices that allow remote non-invasive early diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases is of special interest.

The Problem of a Scientific Approach to Creating an Educational Project Development Ecosystem in a Senior School

In the article, the authors analyze approaches to creating a developing educational ecosystem within the framework of modern senior school. The most important condition for the development of adolescents and their subjectivity in the research and project activities required by the Federal State Educational Standard is the creation of an educational project development environment. Besides a group of students mastering a uniform curriculum within the walls of a school, a child-adult educational and project community is formed there. This community independently initiates the content and development trajectory of its participants with access to the social and professional contexts. A project office can become an organizational core of an educational project development ecosystem. But in contrast to the managerial understanding of the project office as a project management tool, the authors consider the educational and project office at school as an initiating and consolidating system for developing a creative child-adult educational and project community and the organizational environment of its activities. Community incubation, according to the authors, is associated with a special work in the space of the student’s subjective reality: 1)in the space of the co-existential community of the project through the solution of various types of project tasks (the formation of educational and project subjectivity); 2) in jointly shared activities through initiating the transformation of forms of collaboration (mastering the very form of organizing joint project actions); 3) in the space of a professional choice situation through systematic reflection of the experience gained and designing an individual professional trajectory (sustainable professional choice).

СПОСОБИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ У СВІТЛІ ПРАЦЬ ІВАНА ОГІЄНКА

In the article Ivan Ohiienko’s views on changes in phraseological units in speech have been analyzed and the scientist’s practical approaches to their recording in sci-entifi c works and dictionaries have been studied. The signifi cance of the linguist’s works for further research into non-derivative and derivational transformations of phraseological units has been emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to its appeal to the problem of phraseological units’ transformation, popular in linguistics, and the need to highlight the role of Ivan Ohiienko’s works in the formation of this area of linguistics, and to confi rm the thoroughness of his approach to the linguistic phenomena under consideration.On the basis of a «broad» view on phraseology, we consider fusion, unity, phrase-ological connection and phraseological expression (proverb, saying, aphorism, catch-phrase, etc.) to be a phraseological unit. Phraseologisms – non-uniform, relatively stable linguistic signs – can change and transform in speech. Among the transforma-tions we distinguish non-derivative and derivative ones.Non-derivative ones concern only the formal side of a phraseological unit or lead to such a modifi cation of the meaning in which the unit remains recognizable and understandable. These are grammatical transformations of one or all components, determined by its (their) morphological properties; rearrangement of components; freedom to use prepositions; replacing a component with a synonym word or replac-ing an obsolete word with a literary one; playing with the morphemic structure of the component in a wide semantic range; expansion of the component composition due to words that clarify the phraseological meaning is emphasized by its elements.As a result of derivational transformations, either a new phraseological unit or a new word is formed from it, or the phraseological unit is lost and transformed into a free combination of words. Ivan Ohiienko was perhaps the fi rst to draw attention to the possibility of «collapsing» a phraseological unit into a word while preserving phraseological semantics through affi x word formation; described the phenomenon of semantic condensation of the idiom content in one component without its affi xation; recorded compound words formed from phraseological units; described the replace-ment of a component resulting in a new unit; negatively assessed the mechanical tracing of foreign language units, which makes the language incomprehensible to the people due to the loss of phraseological image (dephraseologicalization of units).So it can be stated that long before the appearance of special works on phraseo-logical transformation, Ivan Ohiienko outlined the main approaches to fi xing and as-sessing speech changes in Ukrainian phraseological units, and laid the foundation for further research on their nature and range.

Tribocorrosion and Surface Protection Technology of Titanium Alloys: A Review.

Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility and is widely used in marine equipment, biomedicine, aerospace, and other fields. However, the application of titanium alloy in special working conditions shows some shortcomings, such as low hardness and poor wear resistance, which seriously affect the long life and safe and reliable service of the structural parts. Tribocorrosion has been one of the research hotspots in the field of tribology in recent years, and it is one of the essential factors affecting the application of passivated metal in corrosive environments. In this work, the characteristics of the marine and human environments and their critical tribological problems are analyzed, and the research connotation of tribocorrosion of titanium alloy is expounded. The research status of surface protection technology for titanium alloy in marine and biological environments is reviewed, and the development direction and trends in surface engineering of titanium alloy are prospected.

Brocade Papers in the Collection of Russian Books of Civil Printing of the 18th Century of the Russian State Library Book Museum

Among the decorative binding papers of the 18th century, brocade papers, so called because of their resemblance to expensive gold woven fabrics, can be recognized as particularly spectacular. The rich relief pattern, the combination of gold and silver lustre with a multi-coloured paper backing was the secret of their popularity in European countries for a whole century.The technique of paper gilding and embossing originated in the early 18th century in Augsburg. Subsequently, brocade papers were produced in various cities in Germany and mainly spread throughout Europe from there. Although brocade papers were also used by Russian masters, there are no special works about this binding material in the Russian historiography.The article is devoted to the description of the collection of brocade papers preserved as covers and forzats in Russian civil books of the 18th century in the collection of the Book Museum of the Russian State Library (RSL). The questions of terminology, production technology and systematization of brocade papers are considered. The main types of domestic publications characterized by the use of this material are calendars, published annually at the Academy of Sciences printing house in St. Petersburg, and descriptions of various celebrations, speeches “on occasion”, odes, “instructive words” and “reasonings”, produced by different printing houses and usually small in volume.The collection provides rich material for a more accurate understanding of the role of the printing house and the aesthetic preferences of the reading public in the external design of books in the period of the birth of bookbinding in Russia. Decorative binding papers are valuable not only for the researcher of old-printed books, librarian, collector or restorer, but also for the cultural historian in a broad sense, as content, stylistically and technologically they reflect general trends in the production of wallpapers, fabrics, furniture and trade packaging. On the basis of the description of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the collection of the RSL Book Museum a methodology of working with brocade papers is proposed, which can be applied to the collections of other fund holders as well.

Theoretical Aspects regarding Athletics and the Event of the Javelin Throw

Standing out among the other three throwing events, the javelin throw is known to be one of the most spectacular events in the discipline of athletics. It usually takes place in the last two days of major world competitions due to its impressive show and thrilling changes that occur during the six attempts. This paper aims to present the theoretical aspects of this event through the research and study of the published literature and scientific work of specialists in this field. As the sports domain is one of a large content this paper is a contribution to a dynamic and expanding literature. Athletics and gymnastics are the sports disciplines that lie at the basis of all sports. The throwing technique of this event is constantly improving due to the specialized equipment and the continuous development of the technologies. In conclusion, the academic literature is expanding and the theoretical aspects are adapted to the discoveries.