Special Work Research Articles

Analysis of possibilities for stabilizing hydrocarbon production depending on the stage of development

Of key importance for planning the sustainable development of territories is the potential for stable production of hydrocarbon reserves, which can be expressed by the time of its duration. In the practice of developing oil and gas fields, two methods are known to stabilize production: through geological and technological measures that increase the productivity of wells and by regulating their operating modes. The second method, on the contrary, involves limiting the growth of selections at the initial stage of development. Due to this, the further decline in production turns out to be slower. Accordingly, the need for geological and technological measures is also decreasing. To describe the quantitative characteristics of production stabilization in both cases, a mathematical apparatus has been developed, based on the equations of state of hydrocarbons, the laws of underground hydrodynamics, as well as the work of specialists in the field of analysis and forecasting of the production of hydrocarbon reserves. It has been established that the processes of development of recoverable reserves of both oil and gas are subject to the same laws, and therefore can be described by means of one generalizing equation. Based on the equation, formulas are derived for calculating the duration of a stable production period depending on both the efficiency of intensification technologies and the degree of capacity redundancy, as well as the availability of recoverable reserves and the degree of their production. Calculations of the duration of the stable production stage for specific geological and technological conditions are presented. Keywords: hydrocarbon production; geological and technological measures; operating mode; reserves development.

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (DIAGNOSTIC CONTEXT IN BULGARIA AND RUSSIA)

Background. The paper describes ways of diagnosing social and psychological resources of children with special needs. The authors propose to study the diagnostic capabilities of socialization of children with special needs as a unique integrative tool in the work of specialists getting in touch with children with special needs (inclusive education, special education). Two aspects of diagnostics of socialization of preschool children with special needs in Bulgaria and Russia who are provided with inclusive education according to official procedures are considered. The research hypothesis is the assumption of inclusion of multiple characteristics of socialization of preschool children, which can serve as resources for successful social adaptation of children with special needs. The purpose of the study is to structure the review based on the grouping of parameters related to the characteristics of adaptive socialization resources in the context of meeting special needs. Methodology. The study was carried out in accordance with the theoretical and methodological principles of psychology and pedagogy and the special methodology of psychological science (the principle of personal approach), the following methods were used (analysis; synthesis; abstraction and specification; comparison and generalization; method of induction and deduction, method of analogies; modeling). The results are based on introductory studies of official recommendations for research on socialization of children with special needs in earlier studies conducted in both countries. It is shown that most of the target socialization scales are the same and are reflected in the predictive research procedure. In addition, it has been proven that in Bulgaria the scales are more substantive about the child's conditions and developmental situation, while in Russia they refer to the child's personal and socio-psychological indicators. In Bulgaria, there is no tendency to emphasize the functions of socialization areas, while in Russia, a number of diagnostic tests emphasize the socialization areas of the preschool child with special needs. Practical implications. This Russian peculiarity allows us to refer to the method of prediction level measurement as an integral and unique tool which includes socialization parameters through refraction of personal characteristics of a child with special needs in various spheres of his/her relations (parents, adults, peers) and ways of organization of activity (organized and free), i.e. conditions of social development. In conclusion, in both countries it is necessary to redirect diagnostic methods to more integrative methods of work. In Bulgaria, more attention needs to be paid to comprehensiveness, and in Russia, the specificity of developmental disorders must be monitored.

Art-methods in psychosocial rehabilitation: resources and opportunities

The article highlights the prerequisites, methods and means of creating a psychotechnology for the rehabilitation of certain segments of the population with its full social content and personal effectiveness, in which reflective thinking, existential freedom, professional competence and humane orientation of the specialist’s personality are important. The purpose of the study is to highlight the heuristic resource potential of the art therapeutic method and its corresponding work techniques in the implementation of psychosocial rehabilitation of individuals aimed at restoring their psycho-spiritual capabilities and social and role functions. The object of study is psychosocial rehabilitation in the complementarity of methods, tools, techniques and procedures for effective psychological work of a socio-humanitarian specialist with a traumatized client and methods, tools, techniques and acts of correct social influence on his or her personality for psychological and functional recovery as a citizen. The subject of the study is the rehabilitation technology of art therapy, gradually implemented and funded, enriched with psycho-spiritual resources and social capabilities of both participants, joint activity – a psychologist or social worker and the personality of a client who has suffered a certain hellish loss, is in a psycho-traumatic state and needs existential and purely human help for psychosocial recovery and personal recovery. In particular, psychosocial rehabilitation is interpreted as a complex multi-stream process aimed at restoring or improving the social functioning and mental health of persons with mental disorders, psychological trauma, or in difficult life situations. It is noted that the expediency of using the art therapy method as a form of psychological rehabilitation, which practices art as a means of expressing emotions, self-knowledge and improving mental health, is emphasized. Art therapy involves the use of various types of artistic creativity, namely drawing, painting, modeling, collage, photography and other artistic forms to help people express their inner feelings, accentuated psycho-mental states and poorly regulated mental tendencies.

Genetic algorithm-based path planning for grain leveling robot

Grain is the root of the people, and grain storage is a top priority. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of grain storage operations and reduce work intensity, so it is important to develop an automated or even intelligent grain leveling robot for the precise operation of grain silos. In this paper, we propose an area classification method based on target leveling height for the special working mode of truss-type grain leveling robot, simplify the 3D map to a 2D map, reduce the difficulty of path planning, and improve the working efficiency. Based on multi-level path planning and genetic algorithm to achieve the planning of the working path of the grain-leveling robot, it solves the problem of a large number of useless trips under the adoption of full-coverage operation. It saves a lot of time, improves grain-leveling efficiency, reduces energy consumption, optimizes the effect of grain-leveling, and helps realize the precise storage operation of grain silos. The experiment of rough leveling operation was carried out through the grain leveling robot prototype and the simulated experimental warehouse, and the results show that the height difference between the peak of the grain surface and the target leveling height is within 5 cm, which verifies that the path planning method in this paper is feasible, and shows that the grain leveling robot can complete the task of grain leveling and the effect is good.

Transition from pediatric to adult care in patients with chronic intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition: How to do it right?

BackgroundLife expectancy of children with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) on home parenteral nutrition has greatly improved. Children are now able to grow into adulthood which requires transfer from pediatric to adult health care. A guideline for structured transition is lacking and the demand for a more standardized care for this patient group is necessary. Therefore, we investigated the perceptions of health care professionals from various disciplines working in this specific field, concerning effective interventions regarding transition to adult health care. AimTo create a standardized protocol which provides practical guidance for health care professionals in order to bridge the gap between pediatric and adult health care and to facilitate successful transition of children with chronic intestinal failure. MethodsA survey consisting of 20 interventions for transition was sent out to members of the Intestinal Failure working group of European Reference Network for Rare Inherited Congenital (gastrointestinal and digestive) Anomalies (ERNICA) and the Network of Intestinal Failure and Intestinal Transplant in Europe (NITE) group - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) healthcare professionals in 48 medical centers in various countries. Next to 20 interventions, an open-ended question to fill in any other suggestion with respect to most effective intervention was included. Interventions scoring higher than 80% by the participants were included in the protocol. Interventions scoring between 50% and 80% and other own suggestions were discussed during a consensus meeting and included when consensus, defined as unanimous agreement, was reached. Interventions scoring as effective by < 50% of participants were excluded directly. ResultsA total of 80 healthcare professionals from 33 medical centers (participation rate 69%) participated. The protocol consisted of modifiable components expected to be targets of interventions. The most important key outcomes of the survey were: 1) assessment of patient’s transition readiness and provision of knowledge to the patient by the pediatric team, 2) involvement of parents in the transition process, and 3) collaboration between the pediatric and adult chronic intestinal failure team. In addition it is advised that the transition process should start 1 to 2 years before transfer. A nurse specialist working in both services should form a bridge. All interventions must be tailor-made and based on the maturity of the patient. ConclusionThis study provides a protocol describing transition of children with chronic intestinal failure from pediatric to adult care. This international protocol will serve as practical guidance for pediatric chronic intestinal failure which will provide a more structured, optimal transition process. It is advised to use this protocol as a formal checklist that can be placed in the patient’s chart to review and track the transition process by CIF team members. Future research investigating transition readiness of CIF patients is needed.

Micro-Groove Optimisation of High-Speed Inner Ring Micro-Grooved Pumping Seal for New Energy Electric Vehicles

Traditional oil seals are insufficient for the high-speed and bi-directional rotation of new energy electric vehicles. Therefore, we developed a Python program focusing on micro-groove pump seals and examined the unexplored non-contact oil–air biphasic internal end-face seals. Real gas effects were described using the virial and Lucas equations. We introduced an oil–air ratio to determine the equivalent density and viscosity of the two-phase fluid in the seal. Furthermore, we solved the compressible steady-state Reynolds equation using the finite difference method. Analysing the seal’s pumping mechanisms and the effects of operating parameters on sealing performance, we assessed 17 types of hydrodynamic grooves. The results demonstrate that inverse fir tree-like grooves perform well under typical sealing conditions. Under the conditions given in this study, the pumping rate of the optimal groove type compared to other groove types even reached 633.54%. In the oil–air biphasic state, the micro-groove pump seal exerts significant dynamic pressure on the sealing surface. Seal opening force increases with rotational velocity, oil–air ratio, and inlet pressure but decreases with temperature. The pumping rate first increases and then decreases with rotational velocity, increases with oil–air ratio and temperature, and then decreases with inlet pressure. Some special working points require consideration in sealing design. Our results provide insights into designing micro-grooved pumping seals for new energy electric vehicles.

USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL PROCESSES

The beginning of a new era has led to the emergence of new factors that impede the effective operation of enterprises. One of these factors is the exponential growth of the amount of data that needs to be processed and analyzed in order to make effective management decisions. This leads to the need to develop or search for a software product aimed at collecting, analyzing and systematizing a large amount of data, as well as performing relevant tasks based on them that artificial intelligence is capable of. The article is aimed at researching and revealing the potential of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of accounting. The main focus is on improving the efficiency of the enterprise, which is achieved by automating and optimizing various aspects of accounting work. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the works of foreign and domestic specialists, the theoretical aspects of the concept of artificial intelligence are distinguished on the basis of systemic, functional and information approaches. The directions of compliance of the accountant, which can be artificial intelligence, are identified, namely: processing of invoices, cost management, analysis of financial statements, management of payables and receivables, compliance with tax legislation and detection of fraud and risk management. Ways of using AI in processes of automation and optimization of processes, such as invoice processing, cost management, financial reporting analysis, control of accounts payable and receivable, ensuring compliance with tax legislation and fraud detection and risk management, have been identified. The artificial intelligence technologies for their purpose, which are the most used in the world, are presented. The sequence of actions in the identified needs in artificial intelligence and its outstanding volume is structured. The results of the study confirm the potential of AI to automate operations, increase productivity and accuracy in accounting, as well as reduce risks and improve audit efficiency. Key words: Artificial intelligence, accounting, analysis, accounting automation, accounting information systems, information systematization, management efficiency.

DOCTRINAL AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF CIVIL SERVICE

The civil service as a type of public service is distinguished by many scientists in the field of constitutional law, administrative law and other branches of law. However, a uniform approach in science to the definition of civil service has not been developed, because of discussion about belonging of the civil service to a particular branch of law. In this article, the civil service is considered from the perspective of various branches of law: as an labor law, administrative law, сivil service law and constitutional law. The author argues position about belonging of civil service to the branch of constitutional law, also the author argues necessity to consider civil service as a special professional work of citizens, analyzed legislation in order to give a legal definition of civil service, and offers doctrinal definition of civil service.

Creation of a Medical Knowledge Base for Unify the Development of Clinical Decision Support Systems Based on the National Metathesaurus

Background: The rapid growth in the volume of medical data, the extensive possibilities of information technology, the transfer of medical document flow to electronic format generates a high demand for the introduction of information and reference assistance tools and clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Work on the creation of CDSS currently combines the expert activities of doctors with the work of information technology specialists, mathematical statisticians, data scientists, knowledge engineers. Most of the developments involving the formation of knowledge bases are created in isolation, without the use of universal approaches that allow combining various solutions. At the heart of any medical knowledge base (MKB) there is a thesaurus, which is a systematized dictionary of terms that helps to standardize terminology, which makes it possible to speed up the search and exchange of information. It includes concept terms and relationships between them, as well as synonyms and various attributes. Aims — creation of a national medical metathesaurus, built on the ontological principle and the development of MKB based on it. Methods. International systematized dictionary of medical terms UMLS (Unified Medical Language System); clinical recommendations for 22 groups of nosologies; reference books of the federal portal of normative reference information of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; electronic medical records – 330 thousand (dataset MIMIC-IV); abstracts of PubMed publications-28 million. Semantic analyzers SemRep (Semantic Repository) and MetaMap were used; methods for evaluating lexical similarity, connectivity, contextual combinability of entities in a subgraph, and mathematical statistics. Results. The first version of the Unified National Medical Nomenclature (UNMN) has been created. It is proved that ontological models are an effective way of presenting structured information. Components of information search engines have been created. Analytical tools for working with metathesaurus have been developed. Conclusions. On the basis of the UNMN and the created tools, it is possible to automate the formation of a clinical picture of the disease (knowledge base) and single-platform development of the CDSS.

The Value of International Exchange Programs for Physician Assistants: Surveying a US-Netherlands Advanced Practice Provider Exchange Program.

International exchange programs between physician assistants (PAs) and other advanced practice providers (APPs) from different countries can facilitate opportunities for global health training and experiences. This article examines a survey of 5 PAs, 4 nurse practitioners, and 1 certified nursing specialist working in the United States (US) about their experience collaborating in an international exchange program with APPs in the Netherlands. Ten APPs in the United States anonymously answered an 8-item survey on their experience in an international exchange program with APPs in the Netherlands with a 100% response rate. The survey contained questions regarding the impact of the program on cultural competence, professional development, and perception of health care systems. All respondents agree or strongly agree that the program contributed to APP growth in cultural competence and professional development. Eighty percent of respondents found APP practices in the United States compared with the Netherlands to be somewhat or extremely similar, with differences noted in training and education, patterns of utilization, and roles in procedures. Free responses indicate APPs are used similarly in the Netherlands and the United States, while APP training models and health care infrastructure in the 2 countries have notable differences. Survey results examined in this article underscore how an international exchange program can not only enrich individual professional paths but also positively contribute to the broader global health care landscape. The lessons learned, shared experiences, and insights gained have the potential to shape health care practices on an international scale, fostering a collaborative and interconnected future for health care providers worldwide.

S-shaped cheek-pieces from burial mounds of the nomads of the Scythian period in the Southern Urals

The article is devoted to the presentation of the typology of cheek-pieces used by the nomads of the Southern Urals in the VI–IV centuries BC and received the name S-shaped in special archaeological works. The relevance of the development is due to a significant increase in the number of cheek-pieces of various shapes found in mounds that were studied in the territory of the specified region. The number of these pieces of horse harness currently published in the scientific literature is about 200. The S-shaped cheek-pieces discussed in the article are metal rods with two holes in the body for fastening to a rein and ends bent in opposite directions at an angle to the central part. The development is based on the typology published by K.F. Smirnov in 1961, who considered S-shaped cheek-pieces as one type, represented by three options. The types were identified based on a set of characteristics that formed specific combinations and characterized the material from which the cheek-piece was made, the general configuration of the object, as well as the nature of its decoration. A sample of 57 specimens of these bridle parts was used to write the article. It is proposed to distinguish 6 types of two-hole S-shaped cheek-pieces. The dates proposed by researchers for the burial complexes containing these objects made it possible to establish the time of existence of each type among the South Ural nomads. Nomads of the Southern Urals used such cheek-pieces from the end of the 6th to the 4th centuries BC inclusive. The article examines the features of the spatial distribution of types represented by the largest number of copies.

The Moral Principles Guiding the Judge’s Activities (Illustrated by the Life Journey of A. F. Koni)

The year 2024 commemorates the 180th anniversary of the birth of Anatoly Fedorovich Koni (1844–1927), a prominent lawyer, prosecutor, statesman, and public figure in post-reform Russia during the latter half of the 19th century. In this context, it appears fitting to reconsider the legacy of this iconic individual, whose life journey serves as a compelling testament to the challenging process of shaping and advancing the principles upon which the trial currently rests. The aim of this study is to uncover the attributes of the present-day incorporation of A. F. Koni’s moral and ethical principles within the domestic legal framework. Research methods. This study was based on general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, etc.) and methods of legal science (historical-legal, formal-legal). The study is based on the theoretical works of domestic specialists who have studied the A. F. Koni’s legacy. Study results. The moral concepts of A. F. Koni were formulated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, wherein the fundamental tenets of administration of justice are enumerated: independence, irremovability, inviolability of judges, and openness of court proceedings. Moreover, the judge’s moral and ethical requirements coined by A. F. Koni were mirrored in the Law of the Russian Federation No. 3132-1 on the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation dated 26 June 1992. The Code of Judicial Ethics adopted in 2012 gains particular importance in the context of the analysis of A. F. Koni’s legacy. This document consistently and comprehensively outlines the principles of professional conduct for judges, as well as their involvement in activities pertaining to the advancement of law and legislation, implementation of legal practice, etc. It appears imperative to conduct further examination of A. F. Koni’s moral and ethical concepts to enhance the existing legislative instruments regulating judicial activities.

The emotional boundary seesaw model to help cancer clinical nurse specialists work with patients who challenge them.

Receiving a diagnosis of cancer and receiving treatment can be physically and psychologically onerous for cancer patients. Alongside their nursing skills, cancer clinical nurse specialists (CCNSs) are trained to provide psychological support, assessment and intervention following a cancer diagnosis. Mental health specialists, usually clinical psychologists, provide clinical supervision to CCNSs to support them with this. One of the regular themes that comes up in clinical supervision with CCNSs is how to maintain a supportive and therapeutic relationship with 'challenging' patients. These patients may be considered challenging because they are inconsistent, demanding or ambivalent about their care, which puts a strain on the relationship with their CCNS. By using the emotional seesaw model to reflect on and attend to the emotional boundaries of the relationship, within clinical supervision, these challenging relationships can be understood and managed, and better outcomes for the patient can be achieved.

To the problem of improving technical skills of ski racers

The article examines the ways of optimizing the educational process and improving the management of motor actions in sports training by using different activity conditions (modes, action tasks) and creating functional systems of the technology of progression of sports skills. It has been established that the regimes of alternating exercises with rest are a means of selective action on indicators of general and special work capacity, coordination structure of movements, reaction of the body’s service systems. The effect of alternating exercise regimes with rest "A" and "B" and action tasks "faster thrust", "wider step" on the change of individual indicators of technique, movements, speed, speed endurance of ski racers when overcoming climbs was established. The practical significance of the obtained data is that they allow building models of directed and previously known action not only for the change of the integral indicator of special performance, but also for the parameters of the coordination structure of movements, as well as to determine the athlete's behavior program depending on the topography of the competition. Research results make it possible to create models of lessons that selectively affect various systems of the athletes' body and contribute to more accurate management of the development of special working capacity, the formation of technical skills. The application of these models in the general structure of the development of special capacity for work creates an opportunity to comprehensively influence a person as a complex organized, self-regulating system. Practical use of research results optimizes the process of managing sports training over a longer period of time.

CURRENT TRENDS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

The article focuses attention on the need to research modern trends in the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists through the prism of deontological and professional standards. It was established that the modern system of professional training of future specialists in the pharmaceutical industry was influenced by the changes that the industry underwent after Ukraine gained independence: a significant reduction in the range and volume of production of domestic pharmaceutical products, orientation towards European standards of professional training of specialists, compliance with the ethical principles of the work of pharmaceutical specialists. It is noted that the Code of Ethics of Pharmaceutical Workers of Ukraine became the basic regulatory regulator of pharmacist professional ethics in Ukraine, but the further development of international legislation requires adaptation of the domestic pharmaceutical education system to its requirements. The article analyzes the key normative documents that determine the deontological and professional standards for the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists. Modern trends in the training of specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are defined as: the focus on increasing the prestige of the pharmacist profession, raising its status and improving its image in society; compliance with high standards of professional behavior of pharmaceutical industry specialists; strengthening of patient- and client-oriented professional activity in the field of pharmacy, which meets the modern requirements of deontological and professional standards regarding the transfer of emphasis from subject-object interaction in the specialist-client-patient plane to subject-subject interaction; strengthening the professional autonomy of pharmacists among other specialists of the health care system.

The Lesser of Two Evils? Explaining Chinese Rural Migrant Workers’ Preference for On-demand Food Delivery Work With Reference to the Legal Framework

Drawing on a series of interviews with on-demand food delivery riders, who are rural migrant workers, this paper seeks to explain the workers’ decision to give up stable jobs in factories in favour of largely unregulated and precarious on-demand work. Focusing on those aspects of the legal framework which shape workers’ decisions, it presents the explanation under the dual banners of ‘income’ and ‘freedom and flexibility’. In terms of income, Chinese law often enables low factory wages and a reliance on overtime; migrant workers view social insurance contributions as a loss; issues with payroll and wage arrears are significant. In terms of freedom and flexibility, insufficient rest rights lead to inadequate breaks for assembly line workers and, compounded by unspecified ‘special working time’ permit physically unbearable shifts without extra compensation. Age and gender discrimination are prevalent both in factories and various sectors. In contrast, on-demand delivery work has relatively low barriers to entry.

Characteristics of motor temperature distribution in plateau

The motor temperature distribution characteristics help to understand the working condition of the unit, thus improving efficiency. Currently, the motors are gradually being used at high altitudes. However, the plateau region has low air pressure, thin air and large differences in humidity. There is a lack of research on the effect of its complex and special working environment on motor temperature. Therefore, in this study, the numerical analysis of the motor temperature field is carried out from the novel perspective of plateau characteristics. In this paper, the finite volume method is used to analyse the flow-heat-solid coupling of a 20 MW motor. By comparing and verifying the experimental data with the simulation data, it is found that the error between the two is within 5 %. In order to have a more comprehensive picture of the motor's operation in the plateau environment, the temperature effects of different air pressure, air intake and relative humidity on the motor were investigated. The results of the study show that air pressure changes have a large effect on the temperature of the stator structure. The temperature decreases when the air pressure increases and the temperature difference decreases gradually with the increase of air pressure. The largest temperature difference in the stator structure occurs when the air pressure increases from 10 kPa to 40 kPa. The change in air intake has a positive effect on the stator structure temperature, which decreases when the air intake increases. After simulation calculations, it was found that the best heat dissipation effect was achieved in the range of air intake between 3.5 m/s and 4.5 m/s. Relative humidity has a minimal effect on the stator structure temperature. The conclusions of this paper can provide certain theoretical reference for the temperature change law of the motor under plateau operation, which is of great significance to improve the comprehensive hydraulic performance.

Ethical climate and its relationship with attitude to teamwork in operating room nurses: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionIn the nursing profession, ethical climate is considered to be an important element of the work environment. Nurses are exposed to moral tension due to the volume and high work pressure; on the other hand, the stressful nature of this profession can have many negative effects on nurses and, as a result, the quality of care. Therefore, improving the conditions and ethical climate becomes very important. In the operating room, due to the special working conditions and the variety of available specialties, team work is of great importance among the operating room staff. Improving teamwork in the operating room reduces stress and anxiety, increases work efficiency, improves the quality of care, and increases the patient safety. ObjectiveThis study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the ethical climate and the attitude towards teamwork of operating room nurses in hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. MethodThis research was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2022. The study involved a sample of 310 operating room nurses from hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, selected using convenient and purpose-based sampling methods. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of demographic information, Olsan's ethical climate and attitude towards teamwork baker were used. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V20. FindingsThe average score of the operating room staff from the ethical climate was 94.12±14.96, and that of the overall attitude towards teamwork was 121.92±11.74, which indicates a favorable attitude towards teamwork. There was a significant relationship between the scores of the ethical climate and the attitude toward teamwork among the operating room personnel (r = 0.339,p < 0.0001). ConclusionThe results showed that there is a significant relationship between the attitude towards teamwork and the ethical climate of operating room nurses. Managers of hospitals and operating rooms can strengthen the spirit of teamwork and create a suitable atmosphere in the operating room by holding training courses and increase safety and productivity there.

ОХРАНА МАТЕРИНСТВА И ДЕТСТВА В ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ СОВЕТСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ В ГОРНОМ АЛТАЕ

The paper highlights the formation and further development of the system of maternity and childhood protection as one of the most important spheres of the Soviet healthcare in 1920s–30s. The field of child protection in the in Gorny Altai was in particular need of expanding the forms and methods of work, since child mortality rates at the beginning of the 20s were quite high. There was no specialized work on the protection of motherhood and childhood; there were no trained personnel. The development of diseases, and consequently mortality, was facilitated by unfavorable living conditions of the local population, lack of hygienic culture and regular movements of the population throughout the region. The solution to this problem was facilitated by the introduction of Soviet legislation on labor protection for pregnant and lactating women and their children. Since the mid-20s, commissions to promote the protection of motherhood and childhood were formed in the region, which carried out active educational and organizational work. The organization of mobile institutions for the protection of motherhood and childhood played a great role in solving the problem. In addition to a few stationary consultations, mobile institutions assumed the responsibility of providing assistance to the population of the region leading a nomadic and semi-nomadic lifestyle. In large population centers, the consultation stopped for more than a month, conducting surveys and providing ongoing assistance in remote areas of the mountainous terrain. Along with providing medical care, mobile consultation workers provided explanations about religious prejudices and superstitions. The data presented show the features of the formation of stationary institutions, the development of mobile services for mother and child care in the Oirot Autonomous Region. A positive result was a decrease in child and maternal mortality and an improvement in demographic indicators in the country.

A novel approach on the sequential type ψ-Hilfer pantograph fractional differential equation with boundary conditions

This article investigates sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the ψ-Hilfer sequential type pantograph fractional boundary value problem. Considering the system depends on a lower-order fractional derivative of an unknown function, the study is carried out in a special working space. Standard fixed point theorems such as the Banach contraction principle and Krasnosel’skii’s fixed point theorem are applied to prove the uniqueness and the existence of a solution, respectively. Finally, an example demonstrating our results with numerical simulations is presented.