Spearmans Rho Research Articles

Hubungan Kepatuhan Diet Dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Introduction: Frequent consumption of foods and drinks containing sugar and unhealthy lifestyles are an emergency problem for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, unhealthy lifestyles and irregular diets cause disease complications resulting in frequent deaths. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and lifestyle adherence to blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: Correlational research design using a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted for the period 1 November 2023 - 30 November 2023. The population in this study were patients diagnosed with T2DM at public health centers X and Y, in Kediri City. Sample measurements can use G Power with a power analysis effect size of 0.5, α err prob 0.05, power (0.95), and an increase in sample size of 20% to obtain a sample of 56 respondents. The sample selection technique was purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, namely that the patient was willing to take part in the research until completion, the patient could read and write, and the patient was diagnosed with T2DM by a doctor at the public health centers X and Y, in Kediri City. The research statistical test used Spearmans Rho. Results: The relationship between diet and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed that the majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had poor diet patterns and blood sugar levels ≥ 126, namely 64.3%. The results of the analysis of the relationship between diet and blood sugar levels also showed a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. The relationship between lifestyle and blood sugar levels in T2DM showed that the majority had poor lifestyles and blood sugar levels ≥ 126, namely 67.9%. The results of the analysis of the relationship between lifestyle and blood sugar levels also showed a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between diet and lifestyle on blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Suggestion: In T2DM patients, avoid eating foods and snacks that contain high sugar, and high fat, and control portion sizes to manage blood sugar levels. Do regular physical activity, according to your abilities and doctor's recommendations. Walking, cycling, and other sports can be good choices for controlling blood sugar.

Exploring Emotional Transitions Triggered by Color Changes: A Multidimensional Analysis

This study investigates the emotional responses triggered by color changes, utilizing both discrete and continuous video stimuli to explore the theory that color influences emotional states. Nineteen participants from the IHHSJF-30201 class were exposed to color pairs derived from the Berkeley Color Project 37 (BCP-37), specifically examining transitions between saturated and medium hues of red, blue, yellow, and purple. Through Spearmans Rho correlation analysis and differential emotion intensity measurements, the study evaluates how sudden versus gradual color changes affect emotional perception. Results demonstrate significant differences in emotional responses between the discrete and continuous color transition groups, highlighting the impact of transition mode on emotional dynamics. The findings support existing theories on the relationship between color and emotion and suggest the potential for personalized color applications to enhance user experience in digital interfaces. Future research directions include integrating machine learning techniques and expanding biometric data collection to further refine the understanding of color-emotion interactions and their practical applications.

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PHYSICIANS REGARDINGOBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN TABUK CITY

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type of sleep disorder breathing and is characterized by repeated brief episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep for more than 10 seconds. It is a growing public health challenge with most of the cases remaining unidentified. The study aims to evaluate the general knowledge and attitude of primary health care physicians toward OSA in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia during 2023. It is a cross-sectional study. The estimated sample size is based on comprehensive data collection in which all primary healthcare physicians are invited to participate in our research. The validated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire (OSAKA)was used. The data analysis was done by using SPSS for Windows version 21and GrpahPadPrism version 8.4.2. The level of significance is 0.05.The present study found that 65.7% of the participants (N=94) had good knowledge regarding OSA. The majority of participants had a positive attitude towards OSA. Additionally, results showed gender, nationality, and years of graduation had an association with knowledge regarding OSA (p=0.043, 0.047, 0.03 respectively). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (Spearmans rho = 0.29, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that females have good knowledge as compared to males (p=0.047*).

Assessing mental health from registry data: What is the best proxy?

Medical registries frequently underestimate the prevalence of health problems compared with surveys. This study aimed to determine the registry variables that can serve as a proxy for variables studied in a mental health survey. Prevalences of depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychoactive medication use from the 2018 Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS) were compared with same-year prevalences from INTEGO, a Belgian primary care registry. Participants aged 15 and above were included. We assessed correlation using Spearman's rho (SR), and agreement using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We also calculated the limits of agreement (LOAs) for each comparison. HIS questions about depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychoactive medication use were compared with the following variables from INTEGO: symptom codes, diagnosis codes, free text, antidepressant/benzodiazepine prescriptions and the combinations symptom+diagnosis codes and symptom+diagnosis codes+free text, wherever relevant. Correlation between the HIS and INTEGO was generally high, except for anxiety. Agreement ranged from fair to poor, but increased when combining certain variables, by including free text, or by increasing the prescription frequency to resemble chronic use. Agreement remained poor when comparing questions about anxiety. Prevalences from INTEGO were mostly underestimates. The external validity of medical registries can be poor, especially compared with survey data. A considerate choice of variables and prescription chronicity is needed to accurately use a registry as a surveillance tool for mental health.

Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Changes in the Extreme Precipitation Climate Indices over the Chungcheong Region of South Korea during 1973–2020

This study analyzed the changes and trends in twelve extreme precipitation-based climate indices obtained using daily data from 10 synoptic stations in the Chungcheong region of South Korea during the 1973–2020 period. The climate indices were used to assess the trends in the extreme precipitation characteristics of duration, frequency, and intensity using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The results of the ITA were further compared with two other non-parametric test methods such as Mann–Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho (SR). The results showed that most stations exhibited significant increasing trends in all the investigated climate indices at a 95% confidence level as indicated by the ITA method, with only a few stations indicating significant decreasing trends in R95p, R99p, Rx3day, and Rx5day. The sub-trend analysis further revealed the dominance of neutral behavior around the low-value cluster, especially for the extreme precipitation duration. At the same time, increasing trends dominate the high-value cluster at most stations. Meanwhile, only R10mm, R99p, and R95p exhibited monotonic trends in the Boeun and Seosan stations, respectively. Further, the ITA exhibited superior performance over the MK and SR methods by indicating the presence of more significant trends in the climate indices at most stations. The distribution of the extreme precipitation indices for duration, frequency, and intensity indicate the pronounced risk of flood conditions around the north–central and some parts of southern regions, while the western region indicates a potential drought risk, which could greatly impact the water resources and consequently agricultural activities in the study area. The results of this study provide essential information for addressing the climate-related problems of water resource management and agriculture in the study area and other related climatic regions.

Myocardial Fibrosis in Sickle Cell Anemia

Introduction Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) as they age.Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI has been utilized to evaluate myocardial fibrosis by calculating the extracellular matrix volume fraction (ECV) from pre and post-contrast T1 mapping. Recent research in both animal and human models reveal that SCD patients have elevated ECV suggestive of myocardial fibrosis and is associated with diastolic dysfunction. The effects of current first-line therapies, chronic transfusions (CTT) or hydroxyurea (HU), on myocardial fibrosis are unknown and at present, there is conflicting data regarding their benefits. At our institution, SCD patients are treated early with either hydroxyurea, chronic transfusions, or both. We aimed to determine whether current disease-modifying therapies differentially affect myocardial fibrosis. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of chronically transfused SCD patients and SCD patients on HU and/or CTT at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles between 2017 and 2022 aiming to assess clinical biomarkers associated with elevated ECV in sickle cell disease. This study was reviewed and approved by the Children's Hospital Los Angeles Institutional Review Board. All patients underwent cardiac MRI for clinical assessment of myocardial iron, cardiac enlargement, and myocardial fibrosis. Continuous variables are expressed as mean±standard deviation for normally distributed data and median [interquartile range] for non-normally distributed data. Parametric and non-parametric testing were used where appropriate and c-square testing was used for categorical variables. Results A total of 63 SCD patients, mean age 17.3±5.9 years (range 5-36yo), who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI imaging between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study: 27 CTT; 43 HU; and 7 healthy participants, mean age 15.4±2.4 years. There was no difference in age between treatment groups, nor healthy and SCD participants. There were 6 SCD patients not on any therapy and 13 patients on both. The ECV was elevated in SCD versus healthy (31.3% [27.9, 35] vs 26% [23.7,27.2], P=0.0003). There was no significant difference between the ECV values of patients on CTT, HU, both or no therapy, P=0.56 (Fig.1A). There was no difference in average length of therapy between CTT or HU, mean 10.4±4.9 vs 10.2±5.2 years and no association between length of therapy and ECV. We found positive correlation of E/A ratio with ECV in patients with SCD regardless of therapy (Spearmans rho 0.34, P=0.008), suggesting an association with left ventricular (LV) restrictive physiology. ECV was associated with increased WBC count (rho +0.28, P=0.03), AST (rho +0.3, P=0.02), decreased GFR (P=0.02), and decreased hemoglobin (rho -0.41, P=0.0013) (Fig.1B), while there was a trend toward increased urine microalbumin (rho +0.41, P=0.09). Discussion Fibrosis is likely due to prolonged, continuous exposure to inadequate myocardial oxygen supply and cardiac microvascular disease. Amelioration of myocardial fibrosis likely requires consistent, effective CTT or HU therapy as suggested by the Cincinnati/CHLA study. The HU patients in that study had documented high MCV or HbF over many years before ECV was measured. St Jude's study was prospective but follow-up was only 2 years and not compared to an untreated or poorly treated cohort. The sum of these studies suggests that protection from fibrosis may only be seen with continual protection from anemia/microvascular disease. This hypothesis remains to be proven. While we did not see a differential effect of hydroxyurea vs. chronic transfusion therapy, it is important to put this data into the context of SCD therapies and their indications. CTT is generally reserved for the most severe vascular disease phenotypes, such as stroke. Hydroxyurea is often prescribed but not always adhered to. The ECV range in our cohort was lower than that found in the original Cincinnati cohort, mean 44%±8, but similar to that found in the St. Jude cohort, median 30% [IQR 28,34] (Fig.1A). Lastly, elevated ECV correlates with anemia, a modifiable risk factor; restrictive LV physiology; and decreased estimated GFR, which may hint at similar etiologies. In summary, ECV is a clinically relevant cardiovascular biomarker and current preventative therapies may ameliorate but not abrogate myocardial fibrosis.

P21.01.A EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC LESIONS AFTER RESECTION OF LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse low-grade gliomas are slow-growing malignant brain tumors that mainly affect people in their 30s and 40s, usually resulting in death within a decade. The standard treatment is surgery, which has a moderate risk of neurological sequelae. Clinical experience indicates that not all sequels are directly related to the resected area but rather caused by collateral damage, such as tissue- and vascular damages at the surgical site, causing ischemic lesions in the surrounding tissue. In this study, the epidemiology of these lesions is investigated, in terms of how common they are and how they are related to the size, type and location of the tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-six patients who underwent resection for grade II glioma (WHO 2007 or 2016) between 2012 and 2017 at any of nine hospitals in Sweden and Norway and had a postoperative MRI scan including diffusion-weighted imaging within three days after surgery, were included in this study. Lesions were segmented on the b1000 image, using the ADC and T1 image to exclude hyperintense areas caused by other factors than ischemia. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Analyses were carried out with ischemic lesion size as a continuous variable, and since the volumes were not normally distributed, non-parametric tests were used. RESULTS Ischemic lesions were found in 146 out of 166 (88%) cases, the median volume of the segmented lesions was 1.9 ml, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.95-4.5 ml. Patients with new or worsened deficits did have significantly larger ischemic volumes than does who did not (1.7 vs 2.8 ml, p=0.03). Ischemic volume was significantly correlated to both pre- and post-operative tumor volume (Spearmans rho = 0.370 and 0.304, p<0.001). No difference in ischemic volume was found between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, based on reported histopathologic diagnosis (p=0.43) or molecular status (p=0.44), neither between main tumor local (frontal (60%) vs temporal (19%), parietal (8%) or insular (12%), p>0.37). CONCLUSION Ischemic lesions after glioma resection are very common, but mostly small and restricted to a region close to the resection cavity. Large ischemic regions were associated with new or worsened neurological deficits and were mostly found in association with large tumors. More fine-tuned measures might be needed to find potential associations between tumor local and ischemic lesions.

The Swedish version of the STarT MSK Tool: cross-cultural adaption, test–retest reliability, and aspects of validity

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common reason for seeking primary health care. The STarT Musculoskeletal (MSK) tool is designed to stratify patients suffering from MSDs to risk groups, based on prognostic factors.AimThe aim was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the STarT MSK tool in a Swedish primary health care context through testing of reliability and construct validity.MethodsWe included consecutive patients with MSDs seeking primary care (n = 99). The STarT MSK was translated using international recommendations. Construct validity was investigated by correlation analysis (Spearmans Rho) with the following reference instruments: the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ), the EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D) and the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSKHQ). Reliability was tested using test–retest (Intra Class Correlation, ICC2.1) (n = 31). Known-groups validity was calculated with a difference of 10% between risk groups based on how the participants had answered.ResultsThe STarT MSK was successfully translated into Swedish. The participants were grouped into low risk (n = 28), medium risk (n = 60) and high risk (n = 11). The construct validity showed a moderate to high correlation with the ÖMPQ (r = .61), EQ-5D (r = .59) and MSK-HQ (r = .56). All separate items except item 2 and 9 correlated according to predefined hypotheses. Test–retest demonstrated an excellent reliability for the total score (ICC2.1 0.85) (n = 31). The STarT MSK tool was able to differentiate by 10% between the risk groups, based on how the participants had answered.ConclusionThe STarT MSK has been successfully translated and adapted into Swedish and shows acceptable measurement properties regarding test–retest reliability and aspects of validity and seems to be able to discriminate between the proposed risk groups. The tool can therefore be useful in a Swedish primary health care context. A future study needs to determine the tools predictive validity and to investigate if stratification to risk groups leads to a faster recovery and to lower health care costs.

Asymptotic properties of Spearman’s footrule and Gini’s gamma in bivariate normal model

Asymptotic properties of Spearman’s footrule and Gini’s gamma in bivariate normal model

Meteorological Drought Assessment and Trend Analysis in Puntland Region of Somalia

Drought assessment and trend analysis of precipitation and temperature time series are essential in the planning and management of water resources. Long-term precipitation and temperature historical records (monthly for 41 years, from 1980 to 2020) are used to investigate annual drought characteristics and trend analysis in Somalia’s northern region. Six drought indices of the normal Standardized Precipitation Index (normal-SPI), the log normal Standardized Precipitation Index (log-SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Index using the gamma distribution (Gamma-SPI), the Percent of Normal Index (PNI), the Discrepancy Precipitation Index (DPI), and the Deciles Index (DI) are used in this study for the annual drought assessment. The log-SPI, the gamma-SPI, the PNI, and the DPI could capture historical extreme and severe droughts that occurred in the early 1980s and over the last two decades. The results indicate that Somalia has gone through extended drought periods over the past quarter century, exacerbating the existing humanitarian situation. The normal-SPI, gamma-SPI, and PNI indicate less and moderate drought conditions, whereas log-SPI, DPI, and DI accurately capture historical extreme and severe drought periods; thus, these methods are recommended as annual drought assessment tools in the studied region. Not only are the PNI and DPI less correlated to each other, but their correlation coefficient (CC) with SPI-based drought indices are not as high as SPI-based indices which are close to unity. For the purpose of the trend analysis, the Mann Kendall (MK) test, the Spearman’s rho (SR) test, and the Şen test are used. Furthermore, the Pettitt test is implemented to detect the change points and the Thiel-Sen approach is used to estimate the magnitude of trend in the precipitation and temperature time series. The results indicate that there is overall warming in the region which has experienced a significant shift in trend direction since 2000. The trend analysis of annual precipitation data time series shows that Bossaso and Garowe stations have significant positive trends, while the Qardho station has no trend. In 1997 and 1998, respectively, abrupt changes in annual precipitation are detected at Qardho and Garowe stations. Due to the civil war of more than three decades in Somalia and the non-institutionalized governance to inform historical drought conditions in the country, determining the most appropriate meteorological drought index would help to develop a drought monitoring system for states and the entire country.

(168) Financial Toxicity of Erectile Dysfunction: The First Assessment of the Economic Stress Associated With the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract Introduction Financial toxicity (FT) describes the direct and indirect financial burden associated with disease treatment. FT has been associated with adverse outcomes, including medication-rationing, psychological distress, and bankruptcy. Despite the well-described psychosocial impact of erectile dysfunction (ED), limited work has been performed to characterize its financial impact on patients. Objective We present the first study to directly report on the FT associated with ED management. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of patients treated for ED in a diverse, urban academic medical center. Patients were surveyed with the validated COST tool (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity), the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function), and a 10-item social needs screener. The maximum score for the COST tool is 44, with lower scores indicating increased FT. Patients were stratified into “Moderate-to-Severe FT” (COST 25-0 points) and “Low FT” (COST >26 points). Lower IIEF-5 scores similarly indicate more severe ED. FT score distributions were analyzed by patient characteristics and ED severity. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, linear regression, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed using SPSS v28. Results 48 patients were surveyed. 46% of patients identified as Hispanic, and 90% identified as non-white including 31% Black and 40% Latinx. Average age was 62.6 ± 9.0 years. Median ED severity was mild-moderate (IIEF5 Score = 13) and 73% of patients used oral ED medications. In the last year, 34% of respondents spent <$100 on these medications, 23% spent $100-$499, 26% spent $500-$1000, and 9% spent >$1000. Indirect costs of ED care were defined as cost of transportation to visits, copays, lab tests, or imaging. 40% of respondents spent nothing on indirect costs, 27% spent $100-$499, and 19% spent >$500. Mean COST score was 26.7 ± 9.2 and “Moderate-to-Severe FT” was found in 48% of patients. Compared to those with "Low FT", the “Moderate-to-Severe FT” cohort had lower income (OR for annual income <50,000 = 6.4, 95% CI 1.8 - 23.1, p=0.003), were less likely to have English as their first language (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.8, p=0.02), were less likely to self-drive (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.84, p=0.02), screened positively for more unmet social needs (mean difference 1.3, 95% CI 2.0 - 0.6, p<0.001) and had more severe ED (mean IIEF score difference of 3.1, 95% CI 0.2 - 6.0, p=0.035). IIEF score was significantly correlated with COST Score (Spearmans rho correlation coefficient = -0.302, p=0.039). Conclusions Our findings suggest FT and unmet social needs may be related to ED severity. In addition to medical interventions, these patients may benefit from financial social services. 48% of our patients reported moderate or severe FT. As even moderate FT has been associated with cost-coping behaviors, like medication rationing, the clinical implications of these findings are potentially significant. We recommend that urologists inquire and investigate the financial burden incurred on their patients. Disclosure No

Fontan Hepatopathy - Managing Unknowns.

How to best monitor Fontan associated liver disease (FALD) remains unclear. We describe results from a prospective liver care pathway in adults (n=84) with a Fontan circulation. Routine assessment of the liver, by acoustic radiation force frequency and ultrasound was undertaken. Results, including liver biochemistry, systemic ventricular function (echocardiography), functional class, medication use and clinical endpoints (varices, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart transplantation and death) were collated. Most individuals returned a cirrhotic range acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) result. ARFI values were greater in the proportion of individuals with hepatic nodularity (p=0.024). Univariate analysis demonstrated moderate correlation with platelet number (Spearmans rho= -0.376, p=0.049). Patients with clinical endpoints had lower platelets (p=0.012) but only a trend to hepatic nodularity (p=0.057). Clinical endpoints were more common in those with ventricular dysfunction (p=0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at Fontan and being on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) predicted ARFI score (β=0.06 (95% CI 0.01-0.09), p=0.007 and β=0.53 (95% CI 0.17-0.89), p=0.005, respectively). However, these associations were not significant once adjusted for Fontan type, age at ARFI, systemic ventricle morphology, ventricle function, or Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD-XI) excluding international normalised ratio (INR) (p>0.05 for all). Ideal FALD monitoring remains unclear. ARFI has utility as a binary non-invasive indicator of cirrhosis, highlighting individuals who may need more frequent ongoing monitoring for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no definite advantage to serial ARFI, once cirrhotic range ARFI results are present, has been identified.

Validity and consistency of an outpatient department user satisfaction rapid scale

Background: User satisfaction is key to define and assess the quality of care; however, there is no patient satisfaction rapid scale in Mexico. Our objective was to determine the validity and consistency of an outpatient department user satisfaction rapid scale (ERSaPaCE). Method: Comparative, observational, cross-sectional, prolective study. In phase 1, a rapid scale model was developed, which was submitted to experts in medical care for assessment; the instrument was pilot-tested in 10-patient groups, using as many rounds as required until it obtained 20 approvals. In phase 2, the resulting questionnaire and the Outpatient Service User Satisfaction (SUCE) scale were applied to outpatient department users. ERSaPaCE was reapplied by telephone 10 days later. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s a, Spearmans correlation and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used. Results: Two-hundred patients were recruited, out of which 53 % were aged 31-60 years; 51.5 % were women and 48.5 % men, all of them users of outpatient services from 13 specialties. Cronbach’s a for ERSaPaCE was 0.608, whereas ICC was 0.98 (p = 0.000). Convergent validity was 0.681 (p = 0.000) using Spearmans rho. Conclusion: ERSa- PaCE was a valid and consistent instrument for the assessment of outpatient department user satisfaction.

Assessment of Drought Characteristics and Trend Analysis in Antalya Basin, Turkey

Drought is a phenomenon related to water scarcity due to decrease in precipitation over a long period of time. It is also identified as a natural and a recurrent feature of climate, although many erroneously consider it as a rare and random event. The understanding and trend analysis of historical drought is vital for the future development and management of water resources. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at SPI 1, 3, 6 and 12 month time scales was computed using long time series (1970-2007) of monthly precipitation data observed at 9 meteorological stations in Antalya Basin, Turkey. The computed SPI values were, then, subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s Rho (SR) statistical trend analyses. Based on the results of the study, most of the results of SPI determined for above indicated time-scales, were found to fall under “No Drought” and “Near Normal” drought intensity classes. Though there are variations in the values of the drought characteristics considered in the study, the values did not show spatial pattern. In addition, significant trend without spatial pattern was observed in the SPI 12 values determined for almost all of the stations considered in the study.

Proposing New Hybrid Models for Multicriteria Inventory ABC Classification

The literature is abundant with research studies that have been developed to provide an efficient model which has never been studied for multicriteria inventory classification MCIC problems. Therefore, this study proposes two hybrid inventory classification systems. Recently, the TOPSIS model has been widely developed, initially examined, and found very efficient to the (MCIC) due to its advantages and simplicity of use. In contrast, to the best of our knowledge, the PROMETHEE II and COPRAS models for determining (criteria weights) parameter values and classification, resulting in low/or competitive inventory cost and high service level. The proposed models utilize two sets of weights of CRITIC and Spearman’s rho (SR) tools for learning and optimizing PROMETHEE II and COPARS. In addition, a performance analysis is validated using a real-world dataset composed of 63 stock-keeping units (SKUs). The performance is compared to existing six MCIC classification models. The results reflect performances of the proposed models. Additionally, the comparative analysis indicates that the COPRAS model is the most preferred. Finally, the performance of the proposed models can be a great support for the overall supply chain system and decisions.

Hubungan efikasi diri dengan resiliensi warga perumahan aspol bangkingan selama masa pandemi COVID -19

The number of people experiencing mental health problems during this pandemi is understandable considering that Covid - 19 is a new source of stress for the world community today, one of those affected is the residents of the Bangkingan Aspol housing complex. The problems faced and the difficulties experienced by these residents require residents to have a psychological aspect that can improve or maintain their psychological condition in dealing with the current situation and conditions. The data collection technique used was purposive sampling (judgmental sampling) where there was a 5% error tolerance and based on the sampling of 150 people, the number of subjects in this study were 105 respondents. Self-efficacy and resilience scales in the form of a questionnaire were filled out for each topic and Spearmans Rho correlation analysis was carried out which showed a correlation coefficient = 0.410 (quite strong correlation) and p = 0.000 (p <0.01) based on the results of hypothesis testing showed that the hypothesis the researchers formulated accordingly, namely that there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy and resilience. This means that the self-efficacy of residents affects the resilience of each individual, so that residents who have positive self-efficacy tend to be more resilient. On the other hand, if the self-efficacy is lower, each citizen will have lower resilience. 
 Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Resilience

PS-P02-3: DIETARY RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION- INSIGHTS FROM THE TESCO 1.0 DATASET

Background: Tesco published an open-source dataset containing area-aggregated product purchase information from 420m transactions across 16m individual Clubcard users in the Greater London area, at a borough level. This dataset is presented as a typical product purchase for each borough, divided into 220 individual datapoints. Purpose: We wanted to explore dietary correlates with the prevalence of hypertension, utilising the London Borough wide Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) for GP reported hypertension diagnoses. Methods: The Tesco 1.0 dataset (2015) was accessed on 1/11/21 and all data downloaded. Hypertension data was accessed from the QOF reporting database (gpcontract.co.uk) for the last year available presented by Borough (2017). HYP001: the number of established hypertension patients as a total of registered patients, and HYP006: the % of hypertensive patients with a reading < 150/90 mmHg were selected, representing the prevalence and control of hypertension respectively. To explore for relevant associated factors, the average deprivation index (IMD) for each borough was accessed from Public Health England, and demographic data accessed from the Greater London Authority database. Univariable correlation using Spearmans Rho was calculated in using scipy in Python (3.0) and significance value of < = 0.01. Results: Highly significant risk factors for hypertension were the consumption of sugar, carbohydrate and sweets. Diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalence were also highly correlated with hypertension. Salt consumption was not a significant risk factor. Highly significant protective factors included consumption of eggs, fish, fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: The Big Data approach of utilising supermarket data allows a unique insight into dietary habits at a population level. We have demonstrated here an unexpected finding, the consumption of sugar and carbohydrate are highly significant risk factors for hypertension prevalence, while salt consumption is not. While not the first time the sugar versus salt question has been asked, this is the first time it has been answered in this manner.

Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Honey Produced in the Maltese and Gozitan Islands

Honey has always been a prized possession in Malta since it is known for its therapeutical, medicinal and antioxidant properties. The main compounds responsible for such activities are the phenolic compounds. In this study, the chemical profile as well as the antioxidant activity of the honey produced in Malta and Gozo were analysed by several in vitro colourimetric assays, such as the DPPH and ABTS assay, to measure antioxidant activity. The Folin Ciocalteu and the aluminium chloride assays were also implemented in order to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid content respectively. CUPRAC, FRAP and TdPc assays were also performed. From a Kolmogorov Smirnov test it was noted that the data was not normally distributed and therefore a series of non-parametric tests were performed. Correlations were also obtained by implementing a Spearmans rho correlation test. From this study it was observed that the darker honey samples had more phenolic content which resulted in a higher radical scavenging activity. Therefore, this gives a clearer indication that the phenolic compounds are correlated with the antioxidant activity. The Gozitan honey was found to have a much higher phenolic content, a higher scavenging activity and greater FRAP values when compared to the Maltese honey. On the other hand, the Maltese honey showed higher flavonoid content and greater CUPRAC values. No significant differences were seen between the samples collected during 2020 and those collected during 2021.

Comparative performances of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and Mid-regional proADM to predict composite death and new heart failure rehospitalisation in acutely breathless patients

Abstract Background Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a pleotropic receptor, capable of orchestrating plaque vulnerability and vascular immune dysfunction. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is the stable peptide precursor of adrenomedullin, with concentrations reflective of vasodilation and cardiac remodelling. We compared the prognostic performances of suPAR and MR-proADM for the composite clinical endpoint of death and new heart failure (HF) in patients with undifferentiated breathlessness. Methods Patients presenting to hospital with the primary complaint of acute dyspnoea were recruited in New Zealand (n=612) and in Singapore (n=483)]. Baseline plasma measurements were undertaken for suPAR (ViroGates) and MR-proADM (Thermo Scientific). Cardiac biomarker levels of NT-proBNP (Roche) was available on all patients. Statistical assessment was made using SPSS v28 (IBM), with all biomarkers treated as continuous variables and presented as median [interquartile range (IQR)]. Prognostic performance of suPAR, MR-proADM and NT-proBNP to predict the composite clinical endpoint of death/new HF at 90-days and 1-yr were assessed using receiver operator curve (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) analysis (Z-scores) and Cox hazard regression analysis (per doubling of biomarker concentrations) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the entire acutely breathless cohort [median age: 65 years (IQR: 52.9–76.0), 63.1% males], 343/1095 of patients had the final adjudication of ADHF. suPAR and MR-proADM concentrations were higher with increasing age (Spearmans rho, r>0.46, P<0.0001), lower eGFR (r>0.58, P<0.0001) and in those with ADHF (r>0.40, P<0.0001). During the follow-up period, 122 patients were categorised with death/new HF by 90-days, rising to 281 at 1-year. suPAR and MR-proADM were able to predict death/new HF at 90-days (both ROC-AUC >0.77) and at 1-year (both ROC-AUC ≥0.78) (Table 1). All markers were however less accurate in predicting this endpoint in the presence of ADHF (ROC-AUC <0.71). After adjustment in Cox-regression modelling, suPAR obtained HR >1.35 per doubling of suPAR concentrations (P=0.001) for outcomes at 90-days and at 1-year (Table 2), achieving the highest prognostic performance for this clinical endpoint, followed by NT-proBNP (HR >1.29) (Table 2), whilst MR-proADM was not an independent predictor of death/HF in this cohort. suPAR was also an independent predictor of death/HF for patients with ADHF, obtaining HR >1.35 per doubling of concentrations. Above a cut-off concentration of 3.6 ng/mL, suPAR was associated with a HR of 2.1 (95% CI: 1.55–2.91) for death/HF at 1-year for acutely dyspnoeic patients. Conclusion suPAR concentrations is superior than MR-proADM in predicting the clinical end-point of death/HF at 1-year in this cohort. It may aid in risk-stratification strategies for the management of acutely breathless patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Foundation of New ZealandHealth Research Council of New Zealand

Premature ventricular complexes are not independently associated with concurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on mobile cardiac telemetry

Abstract Background Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) on 24hECG predict incident atrial fibrillation in long-term prospective studies, but whether PVCs detected on ambulatory monitoring indicate a risk of concurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is unknown. Objectives To determine whether PVCs predict paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on ≤30-day ambulatory mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT). Methods US patients aged 17–100 years with 2–30 full days of ambulatory full-disclosure ECG using a mobile cardiac telemetry device, without atrial fibrillation on their first day of recording, were included. The association between PVC frequency on recording day 1 and and the outcome of atrial fibrillation ≥30 seconds during subsequent recording days was analysed using age and sex adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines, with additional adjustment for premature atrial contractions (PACs). Results The study population included 18,220 patients with a mean age 64 years; 58% were female. Median monitoring duration was 19 days (interquartile range 9–29). PVC and PAC frequency were moderatly correlated, Spearmans rho 0.359, p<0.0001. Using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and recording duration, PVCs were associated with atrial fibrillation detection (Figure 1a), but in models additionally adjusted for PAC frequency there was no remaining effect of PVC frequency on atrial fibrillation risk (Figure 1b). Conclusions A finding of PVCs, in the absence of PACs, on 24hECGs does not imply increased risk of concurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation detected on ≤30 day MCT. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Hjärt-Lungfonden, Swedish Society for Medical Research