Spearman's Rho Correlation Test Research Articles

Longitudinal exposure to pyrethroids (3-PBA and trans-DCCA) and 2,4-D herbicide in rural schoolchildren of Maule region, Chile

BackgroundSeveral studies showed that early exposure to pesticides affects the development and health of children. In Maule, there is previous evidence of the high exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) of schoolchildren. However, to date, there are no studies assessing exposure to pyrethroids and the herbicide 2,4-D.Objetive.To evaluate children's exposure to pyrethroids insecticides 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides. MethodLongitudinal study with 48 schoolchildren from two rural schools in the Maule region, Chile. Urinary metabolites of pyrethroids 3-PBA, Trans-DCCA and 2,4-D herbicides were evaluated in 2016 and 2017. Mann-Whitney U for repeated measurements and Spearman's rho correlation tests were used for data analysis. Also, we used a system of impulsive differential equations for mathematical modeling. ResultsAll the schoolchildren assessed had more than two pesticide urinary metabolites in both years, with the 3-PBA metabolite being the most frequent. There was an increase in concentrations of urinary 3-PBA in November 2017, compared to 2016 (from 0.69 μg/L to 1.90 μg/L). In 2016, the specific metabolites of 3-PBA were correlated with Trans-DCCA, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and para-nitrophenol. In 2017, 3-PBA was correlated with 2,4-D, and Trans-DCCA. The concentrations of 3-PBA of Chilean children were higher than studies conducted in the USA that found an association of prenatal exposure to these metabolites with cognitive difficulties. ConclusionsWe found high concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites among all the schoolchildren assessed, which may impact on their health and development. These insecticides had received no attention from the scientific community in Chile, and neither from the government agencies, despite the increased use of these chemicals in recent years. This is the first study in South America that confirms the exposure to pyrethroids and herbicides through biomarkers in human population living near farm fields.

MiR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells as a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, treatment response and MRD surveillance of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has been implicated in leukaemia. In recent years, miRNAs have been under investigation for their potential as non-invasive biomarkers in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). We investigated whether miR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells is a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, assessment of the treatment response and minimal residual disease (MRD) surveillance of APL. Sixty cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), including 30 cases of APL and 30 cases of non-APL AML, were selected. Thirty healthy controls were also selected. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from APL patients at diagnosis and post-induction. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed for miRNA profiling and miR-638 expression analysis, respectively. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Spearman's rho correlation test were used. Both microarray and qRT-PCR data showed that miR-638 was significantly upregulated in BM after APL patients received induction therapy. Moreover, miR-638, which is specifically downregulated in APL cell lines, was upregulated after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloid differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that miR-638 could serve as a valuable biomarker for differentiating APL from controls or non-APL AML. Furthermore, miR-638 expression was sharply increased after induction therapy and complete remission (CR). An inverse correlation was observed between miR-638 and PML-RARα transcripts levels in BM samples, while a positive correlation was revealed between PB miR-638 and BM miR-638 levels in APL patients after induction therapy. Our study suggested that miR-638 may serve as a potential APL biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of the response to targeted therapy, and PB miR-638 could be used for non-invasive MRD surveillance in APL.

Perbedaan kualitas hasil radiograf periapikal antara film konvensional dan film instan di Instalasi Radiologi FKG Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Objectives: This study is aimed to look at the distribution of the quality of periapical radiographs produced by students using conventional films and instant films at the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Brawijaya radiology installation. 
 Material and Methods: The method used in this research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional sampling method. The research datas were primary data with a total of 20 periapical radiographs from each method. Data was analyzed by Spearman test in SPSS software. 
 Results: Data were analysed using the Spearman rho correlation test which showed the results of ρ = 0,5. The results of periapical radiographs using conventional films as much as 65% were very good, 25% were good, and 10% were not acceptable. The results of periapical radiographs using instant film were 70% good, 15% very good, and 15% were not acceptable. 
 Conclusion: There is no difference in the quality of the results of conventional periapical radiographs and instant films in the radiology installation of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Brawijaya Malang. 

Unaffected fasting blood glucose levels by micronutrients in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Jember regency

Background: Macronutrients have been studied with regard to their relationship with blood glucose, but only a few have examined blood glucose relationship with micronutrients. Consumption of both macro and micronutrients that are right on target can help improve metabolic control, optimize treatment, and reduce the risk of further complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Objectives: To determine whether or not there is a relationship between micronutrient intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG)levels of DM type 2 patients in Jember. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 80 samples of type 2 DM patients in Jember by using the consecutive proportionate sampling technique from three hospitals. Measurement of micronutrient intake using the “24-hour food recall” questionnaire, conducted three times, while FBG data were obtained secondary from the patient’s medical record. Results:Statistical analysis using the Spearman rho correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between each intake of micronutrients with FBG levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: The amount of micronutrient intake did not have a significant relationship with the level of FBG in this study. Nevertheless, DM patients still need to pay attention to both macro and micronutrient intake to maintain regulated blood glucose levels.

Pertrochanteric Fractures in the Elderly: Is the Severity of Fracture Pattern associated with age and an increased rate of mortality?

Purpose: This study was aimed at assessing whether there is a correlation between age and pertrochanteric femur fracture severity and if this may be tied to mortality at a 1-year interval. Background: Pertrochanteric hip fractures are a common low energy fractures and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. To date, association of a worse fracture pattern to loss of Bone Mineral Density has not been proven. We set out to assess whether fracture severity may be tied to age in this specific patient population. Methods: From May 2010 to January 2013, we retrospectively collected the data of all patients (>60 years old) sustaining a low energy pertrochanteric fracture which were admitted at the Kaplan Medical Center. The following parameters were collected and evaluated: (1) demographics, (2) fracture pattern, (3) time from admission to surgery, (4) time from surgery to mortality. Results: We included 578 fractures in the study. These were divided into 4 groups according to age. We analyzed the data using a Spearman's rho correlation and Pearson Chi-Square Test but found no significant difference in fracture stability with increase in age. For the 544 fractures that were operated on at Kaplan Medical Center we found that 1-year mortality was significantly higher with increasing age (p=0.000) and male sex (p=0.001). With every additional patient year, the mortality risk rose by 8.3%. Moreover, the relative mortality risk in the male patients of our cohort was 1.93 as compared to the female ones. Fracture severity and time from admission to surgery were not found to have a significant effect on mortality. Conclusions: Statistically the pertrocanteric fracture severity classified after the AO does not correlate with the age or one-year mortality of the patient. The one-year mortality rate was significant higher with increased age and male sex.

The Correlation of Routine Hematological Parameters with In-hospital Mortality and Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Large Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction.

ObjectiveNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) reflect inflammation and these parameters have not been studied in patients with large cerebral artery infarction. This study investigated the correlation of these inflammation parameters with in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted with patients who had large MCA (M1 and M2 segments) infarction. Clinical data of the patients and laboratory results at presentation were obtained from our database and recorded for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the prognostic factors. The correlation between hematological parameters and LOS was investigated using Spearman’s Rho and Pearson correlation tests.ResultsA total of 143 patients (48 patients with hospital mortality, 95 patients without hospital mortality) were included in the study. The median LOS in patients with hospital mortality [10 (2-90) days] was significantly higher compared to the patients without [7 (2-30) days] (p = 0.024). RDW-SD was found to be a poor prognostic factor according to the multivariate logistic regression model (p = 0.004). There was a significant but weak and positive correlation between LOS and NLR (p = 0.003, r: 0.248) and a significant but weak and negative correlation between LOS and eosinophil count (p = 0.001, r: -0.278).ConclusionsHigh RDW at presentation is a poor prognostic factor in terms of in-hospital mortality in patients with large MCA infarction. In addition, a positive correlation has been found between NLR and LOS.

Knowledge and attitude regarding insulin self-administration among diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem, with a high prevalence worldwide, including in Pakistan. Insulin is a main treatment of type 1 DM (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D). Many challenges and complications are linked with insulin self-administration (ISA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a single teaching hospital in Pakistan. Study participants were adults with T1D or T2D treated with insulin who attended the hospital. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire that determined the participants’ knowledge of DM and ISA and their attitudes towards ISA. Mann–Whitney tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied to check the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge and attitude. The Spearman rho correlation test was used to check the correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. Data were analyzed by applying SPSS version 24.0. Of the 105 survey participants, 66.9% were male and 33.1% were female, with a median age of 45 years. Only 22.9% of the participants had good knowledge about DM, 50.5% had average knowledge, and 26.7% had poor knowledge. The attitude towards ISA was favorable in 30.5% of participants, but unfavorable in 69.5%. Age and duration of insulin use were significantly related to knowledge and attitude scores, and there was positive linear correlation between knowledge score and attitude score. Overall, participants had poor knowledge and unfavorable attitudes regarding DM and ISA therapy. The positive linear correlation between knowledge and attitude score suggests that if patients are knowledgeable about DM, their attitude regarding DM and ISA will also be favorable.

The Impact of Self Efficacy on the Foot Care Behavior of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesia

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes complications, one of which is diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). One of the factors involved in preventing diabetic foot injuries is performing foot care behavior. To improve patient behavior in terms of performing foot care is to improve self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the self-efficacy of diabetes patients on foot care behavior.Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design to reveal the correlative relationships between the variables with a sample of 106 respondents using probability sampling in the form of cluster random sampling. The data was collected using questionnaires, the foot care confidence scale (FCCS), and the foot care behavior scale for diabetes (FCBS for Diabetes). The independent variable of this study was the self-efficacy of DM sufferers and the dependent variable of this study was the behavior of foot care. The data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test (α=0.05).Results: Spearman Rho correlation test showed there to be a relationship between the self-efficacy of people with diabetes mellitus and foot care behavior p value = 0.001 (p<0.05), r= -0.542.Conclusion: The implication of this study is that a high self-efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus will improve the behavior related to foot care, thereby reducing the risk of behaviors that damage the feet.

Relationship between Physical Activity and Depression Score Patients with Schizophrenia

This study was conducted to identify the correlation between physical activity and depression score in patients with Schizophrenia. A cross sectional study involving 67 patients with schizophrenia was conveniently recruited from the inpatient ward of a mental health hospital in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia was used to assess the level of Physical Activity and Depression in patients with Schizophrenia. Descriptive statistics was used to determine caregivers’ socio-demographic characteristics, level of physical activity and depression. Spearman Rho correlation test was conducted to determine the relationship of physical activity and depression in patients with Schizophrenia. About 52.3% of schizophrenic patients had moderate to mild level of physical activity. The result showed that there was a significant, strong and positive correlation between physical activity and depression (r = 0.859, p=0.000). Most of the participants showed symptoms of depression. The findings indicated that lower physical activity was correlated with higher depression score in patients with schizophrenia. It is necessary to improve the mental health nursing services for patients with schizophrenia by scheduling their regular physical activity to minimize depression.

The gap between ultrasonography and computed tomography in measuring the size of urinary calculi.

Objective:Due to a lack of studies regarding the need for computed tomography (CT) in measuring the size of each urinary calculus before surgery, this study was conducted to elucidate the difference between ultrasonography (US) and CT in measuring the size of urinary stones.Methods:A retrospective review of 100 stones from 83 patients. Each urinary stone was measured using both US and CT; both measurements were then compared.Results:Of 83 patients, the mean age was 39.29 ± 23.76 years; 47 (56.62%) were male and 36 (43.37%) were female. Most of the urinary stones were <10 mm (50.0%) followed by 11–20 mm (42.0%), (P < 0.001). A cross-tabulation test revealed strong compatibility between US and CT in measuring the size of urinary stones (73.7% in stones <10 mm, 66.7% in stones 11–20 mm and 50% in stones >21 mm), (P < 0.001). Spearman's rho correlation test revealed strong compatibility between stone diameters measured by US and CT (r = 0.755), (P = 0 < 0.001). T-test for equality of means revealed no significant difference in the measured size using US and CT (mean = 11.80 ± 5.83 vs. 11.65 ± 6.59, respectively), mean difference = 0.15, and P = 0.865, 95% confidence interval: -1.584–1.884.Conclusion:No significant difference in measuring the size of urinary stones using US and CT. However, US may slightly overestimate small stones in some cases.

N-TERMINAL PRO-BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (NT-proBNP) IN STAGE 1 AND STAGE 2 HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

The increased levels of NT-proBNP in the blood occur when heart function, especially the left ventricular muscle chambers of the heart increases. Therefore, NT-proBNP is used as a biomarker to detect heart failure.The level of N Terminal – Pro Brain Natriuetic Peptide was independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension. This study aimed to determine the difference of NT-proBNP serum levels and the correlation between the levels of NT-proBNP in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. This research was conducted at RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo in August - September 2018. The study used a cross-sectional design with the total of 72 hypertensive patients, who had met the inclusive criteria. NT-proBNP levels were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. The collected data was processed using Mann Whitney Different Test and Spearman's rho Correlation Test. The study results indicated that the level of NT-proBNP in the hypertensive patients with stage 2 was higher and significantly different (p = &lt;0.001) compared to stage 1 hypertensive patients. NT-proBNP levels were higher in the hypertensive group of &gt;6 years than in the hypertensive group &lt;6 years. There were significant differences between the two groups statistically (p=0.010). It can be Conclude that there is a significant difference in the levels of NT-proBNP with a degree of hypertension where NT-proBNP levels were higher in patients with stage 2 hypertension compared to stage 1 hypertension, although there was not statistically significant correlation between levels of NT-proBNP with Hypertension degree. Further research was needed to determine the relationship of NT-proBNP levels with the degree of hypertension, which can confirm the diagnosis, especially in patients with hypertension. Also, it is suggested to consider the accuracy of the data length of a patient suffering from undiagnosed hypertension.

THE EFFECTS OF THE AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING TOWARD STRESS AND SELF-ESTEEM OF TEENS

Adolescence is a period of development and a period of adjustment for adult life and a period of stress and stress is a time of turmoil and pressure. At this time, there was a shift in the role of peers who began to "shift" the role of parents. Parents have an impact on adolescent development through the application of authoritarian parenting that is rigid and strict when interacting with adolescents and not infrequently can create tension in the relation of adolescents with parents so that it can provide psychological effects indirectly. Purpose of the study: This study aimed to determine the relation of authoritarian parenting parents with stress levels and adolescent self-esteem. Research methods:: The method used in this study is a correlation with independent variables parenting and self-dependent variable in adolescents. The population in this study were adolescents in vocational high school as many as 218 respondents with a total sample of 141 respondents taken by stratified random sampling technique. The instrument in this study used the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire and Rosenberg Self Esteem and for authoritarian parenting, the writer modified the questionnaire then validity test was conducted. The data was then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Showing that authoritarian parenting parents with stress levels have a relation with the results of the spearman correlation test rs = 0.002 and for authoritarian parenting parents and self-esteem there is no relation with the results of the Spearman rho correlation test = 0.139. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the authoritarian parenting style of parents and stress levels can be interpreted that parents who apply the type of authoritarian parenting to their teenagers tend to experience stress from mild to severe. There is no relation between parental parenting and adolescent self-esteem. Can be interpreted that the application of authoritarian parenting from parents in adolescents is not related to adolescent self-esteem. Suggestion: Provide positive support to adolescents to prevent adolescents from experiencing stress, and not limit every activity that teens like so that teens can socialize with their environment.

The Relationship between Mental Workload and Occupational Stress among Aircraft Maintenance Officers at PT X

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aircraft maintenance officer is one of the professions which is prone to work stress, because it requires abundant amount of knowledge and skills, as well as rapidity and accuracy in completing the task. Moreover, poor work environments such as noise, vibration, and extreme temperature also add to more workload and trigger occupational stress. This research aims to identify the relationship between mental workload and occupational stress on the aircraft maintenance officers at PT. X. Metods: This research was a descriptive observational research with cross-sectional design. The sample in this research was the total population of officers at PT. X, comprising 21 engineers and 20 mechanics. The total of 41 officers was used as the respondents in this research. The data of mental workload was collected using NASA-TLX method and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress among aircraft maintenance officers at PT. X. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that most officers had a heavy level of mental workload and experienced a moderate level of occupational stress. The Spearman-rho correlation test showed that there was a moderate relationship between mental workload and occupational stress (r = 0.306). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a relationship between mental workload and occupational stress among aircraft maintenance officers at PT. X. Keywords: aircraft maintenance officer, mental workload, occupational stress

Investigation of Perceived Organizational Identification from Different Generations: TRC1 (Gaziantep, Adiyaman, Kilis) Zone Example of Organized Industrial Enterprises

The rapid changes and developments in the environment of enterprises have led to changes in the perceptions of employees from different generations as well as the activities of the enterprises. In particular, the organizational identification levels of the different generation of employees in organized industrial enterprises, which play an active role in the regional economic development of the countries, have become one of the key factors in achieving the goals and objectives of the enterprises in order to carry out their activities continuously. Because, organizational identification differences of different generations also affect employees' expectations, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors towards the organization. It has become inevitable for the enterprises that have to be successful in reaching their goals and targets thanks to the employees of different generations, giving the necessary importance to the organizational identification that creates positive business results. In this study, perceived organizational identification level is examined in terms of different generations. In this context, the data set of the study was reached with the survey method applied to 1,105 employees selected by random sampling method among the employees in the organized industrial enterprises of TRC1 Zone. SPSS 22.0 program was used to analyze the data set. Within the scope of data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, normal distribution test and factor analysis were applied.The reliability coefficient of the organizational identification scale used in the study was 0.927. The level of consistency between factor analysis and items of organizational identification scale was found to be excellent and significant (KMO = 0.948; Barlett’s Test Sig. = 0.000). In addition, with the Rotated Factor Matrix, the organizational identification scale has reached a two-dimensional structure. The first di mension of the scale was named as cognitive identification and the second dimension was called emotional identification. In addition, as a result of the normality test, it was found that the data did not show a normal distribution characteristic (p <0.01). Spearman rho correlation test was used to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the cognitive and emotional identification dimensions of the organizational identification scale. According to the results of the study, significant differences were found between the cognitive and emotional dimensions of organizational identification of the different generation employees (p = 0.00 and 0.00 <0.05). In addition, a significant positive and significant relationship was found between cognitive and emotional identification dimensions of the organizational identification scale. According to the results of the study, suggestions were made for future researches. Keywords: Organizational identification, Generation X, Generation Y, Generation Z, TRC1 Zone. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-22-09 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Nutritional NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Malnutrition cause disturbance of processes such as production energy and growth on children. Chidren with age 6-12 years old prefer to watch television. They spend their time more than one hour to watching television and playing a game. The situation caused reducing energy, so can cause overweight. The purpose of this study was analized the correlation of nutritional status with physical activity. The method of this study used analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampel of this research were 6th grade students at SDN banyu Urip III Surabaya which amounts to 35 students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Physical activity was measured with questionnaire and nutritional status used body weight according to age curve from NCHS. The statistic used spearman rho correlation test. The result showed that p value = 0,00 with α=0,05. It means there is a correlation of nutritional status with physical activity. That situation described about the lack of nutritional status can cause lack of production energy so can cause less agile physical activity and look weak. The recommendation from this study are increasing physical activities beyond study time and increasing the variation of the menu in canteen, so that students can choose nutritious food.

Relationship Between Caregivers’ Burden of Schizophrenia Patient with Their Quality of Life in Indonesia

This study aims to identify the relationship between caregiver burden of patients with schizophrenia and caregiver quality of life (QOL). A cross sectional study involving 222 caregivers patients with schizophrenia was conveniently recruited from the psychiatric clinic of a mental health hospital in Malang Indonesia. Caregiver Burden Inventory Scale and Schizophrenia Caregiver QOL was used to assess the level of burden and QOL among the caregivers respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to determine caregivers’ socio-demographic characteristic and the level of caregivers’ burden and QOL. Spearman Rho correlation test was conducted to determine the relationship of caregiver burden and caregiver QOL. About 59.6% of schizophrenia caregivers experienced moderate to severe level of burden. The results showed that there was a significant, strong and negative relationship between the caregiver burden and QOL (r = − 0.434, p < 0.001). Most of the participants reported emotional burden and moderate QOL especially psychological and physical QOL, well-being, relationships with friends, and material burden. The findings indicated the higher the caregiver burden, the lower the QOL experienced by family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. It is necessary to improve the mental health nursing services for schizophrenia caregivers by providing mental health counseling, and developing support groups for them.

Association between dietary diversity, health and nutritional status of older persons in rural Zambia

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the association between dietary diversity, health and nutritional status of older persons aged 50 years and above in Milenge district of Luapula province, Zambia. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Subjects and setting: The study was conducted among 135 older persons (≥ 50 years) comprising 67 men and 68 women who were randomly selected from three communities in Milenge district, Luapula province. Outcome measures: Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among the respondents by calculating the body mass index (BMI). Food consumption was assessed using a non-quantified food frequency questionnaire and dietary diversity scores were used to determine the adequacy of food intake, while a health questionnaire was used to determine self-perceived health status of the respondents. Results: Based on the WHO BMI classification, 30.4% of older persons were underweight, whilst 8.1% were overweight. There was a significant difference in mean BMI between male and female older persons (p < 0.01). More men had severe underweight, whilst more women were found to be overweight and obese. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was 3.6 ± 1.1. Dietary assessment showed that 64.4% of the respondents had dietary diversity scores that were below the mean value, while 35.6% had scores above the mean value. The Spearman rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation (r = 0.184, p = 0.028) between BMI categories and dietary diversity scores. The majority (74%) of respondents reported having at least one health condition including high blood pressure (42.6%), coronary heart disease (8.9%), malaria (24.4%), tuberculosis (35.6%) and pneumonia (24.4%), while only 26% perceived themselves to be healthy. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of undernutrition and low dietary diversity among older persons. A positive association was found between nutritional status and dietary diversity. Although the majority of the respondents reported having health conditions, there was no relationship between nutrition-related health conditions and dietary diversity.

N Terminal-Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Nt–ProBNP) Pada Penderita Hipertensi Derajat 1 Dan Derajat 2

Peningkatan kadar N Terminal-pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) secara independen terkait dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan kadar NT-proBNP serum dan hubungan kadar NT-proBNP pada penderita Hipertensi Derajat 1 dan Derajat 2. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo pada bulan Agustus -September 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah pasien Hipertensi sebanyak 72 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Kadar NT-proBNP diukur dengan menggunakan metoda ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan uji beda Mann Whithney, Spearman’s rho.Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar NT-proBNP pada penderita hipertensi derajat 2 (172.85+316.26) lebih tinggi dan berbeda bermakna (p=&lt;0,001) dibandingkan hipertensi derajat 1 (34.98+28.99). Kadar NT-proBNP lebih tinggi pada kelompok penderita hipertensi &gt;6 tahun (247.83+361.01) dibandingkan kelompok penderita hipertensi &lt;6 tahun (62.79+164.66), secara statistik ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,010). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungaan yang bermakna kadar NT-proBNP pada penderita hipertensi derajat 1 dan derajat 2 (p=0.862) walaupun menunjukan hasil berbeda bermakna.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEG MUSCLE STRENGTH AND AGILITY OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE STUDENTS

Agility is very needed by a football player to deal with certain situations in a game. One of the factors that affectagility is leg muscle strength. The purpose of this study is to prove the relationship between leg muscle strength withthe agility of football players Udayana University Faculty of Medicine students. This research was conducted in May2018 with cross sectional analytic study design. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method with 57 samples.The sample age range is 18 - 25 years. The independent variable is leg muscle strength measured using legdynamometer. Dependent variable is agility measured using illinois agility run test. The relationship between twovariables was analyze using Spearman's rho Correlation test. There is a significant correlation between leg musclestrength to agility, based on data output from analysis with significance &lt; ?(0,05), where p value=0,001. Furthermore,based on data output known Correlation Coefficient of 0.525 which means the existence of positive and linearrelationship. There was a significant relationship between leg muscle strength and agility of football player of UdayanaUniversity Faculty of Medicine students.&#x0D; Keywords: Leg Muscle Strength, Agility, Football Player

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN VARIABEL CUACA DENGAN KEJADIAN DBD DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is the main public health issues in Indonesia, even endemic in all provinces. The incidence of DHF is still fluctuated annually in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine the pattern of the relationship between weather variables (air temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed) on the incidence of DHF in the city of Yogyakarta for 5 years (2010-2014). This study used the ecological study design with spatial-temporal approach. Population was the incidence of dengue for the period 2010-2014 in the administrative area of Yogyakarta city. Spearman-rho correlation test showed that the pattern of the relationship of DHF incidence was more significant (p &lt;0.05) and had a stronger correlation coefficient with an increase in weather variables in the previous few months. Rainfall in the previous two months (r = 0.5617), air temperature three months earlier (r = 0.4399), and humidity in the previous month (r = 0.6097) had a positive relationship pattern with an increase in the incidence of DHF. Wind speed is negatively related to the incidence of DHF in the same month (r = -0.3743). Based on graph/ time-trend analysis and spatial analysis of weather variables had a relationship with the incidence of DHF in the city of Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta City Health Office is advised to use weather data from BMKG every year in planning DHF prevention programs and determine the timing of mass mosquito eradication (PSN) activities.&#x0D; Keywords: Dengue, vector-borne disease, climate, temporal