Spearman's Rho Correlation Test Research Articles

Digital-Immigrant Lecturers’ Perceived Easiness About and Acceptance towards E-Learning during the Pandemic Era

Most of digital immigrant lecturers (DILs) in university possess good perceived usefulness but at some extent they hold low perceived easiness towards e-learning portals such as the LMS. This study aimed to analyses the digital-immigrant lecturers’ perceived easiness about e-learning portals and the relationship between the perception and their acceptance towards the portals. This study used survey and experimental research designs. The subjects of this study involve 78 participants of the University students of information communication technology peer-tutorial training. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, during the training they were encouraged to express their perceived easiness about and acceptance towards the portals via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Spearman rho correlation test. The results of the analysis show that the peer-tutorial training increases the digital-immigrant lecturers’ perceived easiness about the portals. The results also show there is a significant correlation between the perceived easiness and their acceptance towards the portals. It seems that the training is effective in promoting the digital-immigrant lecturers’ perceived easiness about the e-learning portals which is significantly contributive to their acceptance to use them.

Effective Nurse Communication on The Level of Client Satisfaction in The Inpatient Room

One of the factors that influence patient satisfaction with health services is communication by health workers. The implementation of nursing care is never separated from the interaction process that occurs between nurses and clients because nursing is based on a caring and helping relationship, in this relationship good communication is needed. Effective communication and quality of nursing services are factors that contribute to patient satisfaction. Clients as users of nursing services demand nursing services in accordance with their rights, namely quality and complete nursing services. Clients will complain if the perceived caring behavior does not provide satisfaction for him. Objective: To determine the relationship between effective nurse communication and the level of client satisfaction in the Inpatient Room. Methods: The design of this study was correlational with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were clients who were treated in an inpatient room, totaling 20. Random sampling technique, the sample in this study was 17. Spearman's Rho correlation test with = 0.05. Results: In this study 14 respondents (82.4%) implemented effective communication and 3 respondents (17.6%) had not/less implemented effective communication and 14 respondents (82.4%) were satisfied and 3 respondents (17.6%) ) not satisfied. The results of the Spearman's Rho Correlation Test obtained p value = 0.000. The conclusion of the correlation between effective communication with client satisfaction is significant. With the Spearman Correlation value of 0.835, it shows that there is a relationship between effective nurse communication and the level of client satisfaction in the inpatient room.

Healthy Home Assesment Using Healthy Home Environmental Health Inspection Form

Home hygiene and sanitation are associated with health problems such as respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disease, infections, and mental health. A healthy home assessment needs to identify home variables that have met hygiene and sanitation requirements. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. Families of Diponegoro University Undergraduate Nutrition Study Program students became subjects in this study. The respondent chose a total sampling technique (121 respondents). The healthy house assessment uses the Healthy Home Environmental Health Inspection form, which includes three parts: I. House components, II. home sanitation, and III. Occupant behavior. The data were processed and analyzed descriptively. Instrument validity analysis uses the Spearman Rho correlation test, while the reliability analysis uses the Cronbach value. Most of the subject's houses were included in the healthy house category (88.9%) both from the aspect of the house components, house sanitation, and occupant behavior. The aspects which the achievement < 80% and needs improvement are ventilation, kitchen smoke holes, sewage, waterproof and closed waste disposal facilities, opening bedroom windows everyday behavior, and opening family room windows every day. Most of the aspects in this home environmental health inspection assessment form (sections 1, 2, and 3) have met the element of validity (p<0.05). The range of values for Cronbach's sections 1-3 is 0.584; 0.644; and 0.638. Most of the subject's houses belong to the category of healthy homes, but some aspects still need to be optimized. Further studies are needed to analyze factors related to healthy home assessment.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Psychological and Social Stigma for Indonesian Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

IntroductionNurses are on the front line and are at high risk of experiencing a mental health crisis during the pandemic due to the psychological impact and stigma. The aim of this study was to identify the role of psychological status and social stigma in anxiety, fear, depression, and mental health crises during the pandemic.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional design during December 2020–August 2021. A total of 2,156 nurses who work in health facilities, either hospitals, or communities based on the criteria of nurses who interact directly with COVID-19 patients, work at least 3 months, age 20–54 years, are literate, have internet access, and have the ability to access the electronic form. The eligible participants filled in online questionnaires that were sent to them via WhatsApp. Data were analyzed using Spearman rho correlation test with statistically significant p value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 2,156 respondents responded to the questionnaire, and the response rate was 100%. The psychological status of nurses was 78.4% moderate, 18.5% experienced social stigma, 44.0% showed an anxiety response, 53.5% fear, 64.5% depression in the very severe category, and 63.5% fell into a mental health crisis. The results of the inferential analysis showed that all P < 0.05 which indicated that psychological status and social stigma had a significant relationship with anxiety, fear, depression, and mental health crisis in nurses.ConclusionThe psychological status and social stigma experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a bad situation and lead to a mental health emergency crisis.

AGE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN TYPE I ENDOMETRIAL CANCER GRADE

Highlights: 1. The major risk factors for type I endometrial cancer, namely age and obesity, play a major role in the increase in this case and are thought to be related to the grade in these cancer patients.2. Type I endometrial cancer patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital 2019-2020 are dominated by patients diagnosed at the age of 56-65 years, having an overweight body mass index (23-24.9 kg/m2).3. The patient's age and body mass index did not correlate with endometrial cancer type I grade. Abstract Background: The increase in obesity and life expectancy has contributed to type I endometrial cancer cases worldwide. Increased risk factors play a role in the increase of these cases. Objectives: To determine the relationship between age and BMI with the cancer grade. Material and Method: This research was a cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from the patient’s medical records. The sampling technique was total sampling. The analysis used was Spearman Rho correlation test for the relationship between age and BMI with cancer grade. Results: This study recorded 54 patients with type I endometrial cancer in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2019 to 2020. The patients were from the age group 56-65 years 25 patients (46.30%), 46-55 years 17 patients (31.48%), 36-45 years 8 patients (14.81%), 26-35 years 2 patients (3.7%), and &gt;65 years 2 patients (3.7%). For BMI, the patients were overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2) 21 patients (38.89%), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) 14 patients (25.93%), obesity (25-29.9 kg/m2) 12 patients (22.22%), and obesity II (≥30 kg/m2) 7 patients (12.96%). For grade, grade III were 22 patients (40.75%), grade II 20 patients (37.04%), and grade I 12 patients (22.22%). There was a weak, insignificant positive correlation between age with grade (ρ=0.116, 0.405&gt;α=0.05) and a weak, insignificant negative correlation between BMI with grade (ρ=-0.206, 0.135&gt;α=0.05). Conclusion: A total of 54 patients with type I endometrial cancer at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2019-2020 aged 56-65 years and overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2) with grade III cancer. The patient's age and BMI did not correlate with the patient's grade.

Estimating household water consumptions in the Bandung Metropolitan area

The aim of this study is to determine relevant factors contributing to the water consumption in the Bandung Metropolitan area or Greater Bandung, which covered Bandung City, Cimahi City, Bandung Regency and West Bandung Regency. Towards achieving this aim, questionnaires were developed and served on the households in various communities to collect relevant data on the physical and socio-economic factors. Online questionnaires and direct survey were conducted with the number of samples proportional to the population of the Bandung Metropolitan area which is 1219 samples. Results of the study revealed that the daily average household water consumption in Bandung and Cimahi cities is 163.6 liters per person per day (lpd), Bandung Regency is 168.6 lpd, and West Bandung is 151.7 lpd, and in general was 161.26 lpd for Bandung Metropolitan. These values are higher than the standard commonly used for planning water supply systems which is 120 lpd. The factor affecting water consumptions are the type of water sources (public and private) and based on the Spearman Rho correlation test socio-economic conditions (economic level, education level, gender, and age) have a significant effect on water consumption as well. Comprehensively understanding household water consumption is necessary to design efficient and effective water demand management.

Early Warning Signals of Financial Crises Using Persistent Homology and Critical Slowing Down: Evidence From Different Correlation Tests

In this study, a new market representation from persistence homology, known as the L1-norm time series, is used and applied independently with three critical slowing down indicators [autocorrelation function at lag 1, variance, and mean for power spectrum (MPS)] to examine two historical financial crises (Dotcom crash and Lehman Brothers bankruptcy) in the US market. The captured signal is the rising trend in the indicator time series, which can be determined by Kendall's tau correlation test. Furthermore, we examined Pearson's and Spearman's rho correlation tests as potential substitutes for Kendall's tau correlation. After that, we determined a correlation threshold and predicted the whole available date. The point of comparison between these correlation tests is to determine which test is significant and consistent in classifying the rising trend. The results of such a comparison will suggest the best test that can classify the observed rising trend and detect early warning signals (EWSs) of impending financial crises. Our outcome shows that the L1-norm time series is more likely to increase before the two financial crises. Kendall's tau, Pearson's, and Spearman's rho correlation tests consistently indicate a significant rising trend in the MPS time series before the two financial crises. Based on the two evaluation scores (the probability of successful anticipation and probability of erroneous anticipation), by using the L1-norm time series with MPS, our result in the whole prediction demonstrated that Spearman's rho correlation (46.15 and 53.85%) obtains the best score as compared to Kendall's tau (42.31 and 57.69%) and Pearson's (40 and 60%) correlations. Therefore, by using Spearman's rho correlation test, L1-norm time series with MPS is shown to be a better way to detect EWSs of US financial crises.

School head leadership qualities and school performance in the Pacific towns of Northern Samar

A correlational research design was employed to determine the relationship between the leadership qualities of school heads and the school performance in the 2019 National Achievement Test in the pacific towns of Northern Samar. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mode, and Spearman rho correlation test at a .05 level of significance. Findings showed that the majority of the respondents are aged 30-34 years old, female, with at most ten years in the profession, hold a master's degree, have attended 11-20 seminars and conferences, and possess a very satisfactory level of leadership qualities in terms of challenging the people, inspiring people, enabling others to act, modeling the way, and encouraging people. Most schools in the pacific towns of Northern Samar scored average mastery in the national achievement test. However, no significant relationship was established between the leadership qualities of school heads and school performance on the national achievement test. Hence, local training workshops should be designed and conducted on the awareness of the leadership qualities of the school heads and teachers.

Screen Hours, Room, Number of Gadgets and Their Relation to Sleep Quality among Allied Health Students Enrolled in Online Class

Aim: To determine the factors related to the quality of sleep among allied health students Method: A correlation study design was used to identify the components. In total, 44 persons agreed and consented to participate in the study via purposive sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Data with a p value of 0.05 was examined using the Pearson R and Spearman Rho correlation tests. Results: Pearson correlation revealed a relationship between number of screen hours, (R value = .330 and P value = .029) number of gadgets (R value = .365 and P value = .015) and while Fisher exact test revealed an association between room (46.18, P value = .009) and sleep quality. Conclusion and Implications: A statistically significant correlation was identified between screen time, the quantity of gadgets in the study room, and poor sleep quality, according to the study. The findings can be used to establish educational activities and timetables that are more healthful for students.

Social Media Networks and Parents’ Motivations for Involvement

The technological revolution has filtered into the sector of education and among other things, impacts the dynamic interpersonal connections between parents and teachers through digital means and social media networks. The current study aims at examining the relationship between teacher use of social networks for home-school communication and parent motivations for involvement in their child's schooling in Moroccan public schools. A sample comprising 430 participants, 214 parents (N214) and 216 teachers (N216) of grades 1 through 12 from both urban and rural areas, were invited to participate in two distinct and separate online surveys. The surveys adapted versions of scales used by Hoover- Dempsey et al. (2002) and Walker et al. (2005) to apply Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s (1995, 1997) model of the parent involvement process. The results of a Spearman Rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation between teacher use of social media platforms and most of parents perceived motivations for involvement. This finding indicates that the use of social media networks may represent an efficacious emerging strategy to surmount life-context setbacks to parental involvement. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was also found between teacher beliefs about parental involvement's importance and efficacy and parent perceptions of contextual invitations from the child and the teacher. This additional finding extends Keyes’ (2000) seminal work, where she identified communication as the central aspect of Epstein’s typology of the parent involvement process. Results, as well as implications, are discussed herein, in addition to suggestions for practices that may enhance parent involvement in their child scholastic experience. Keywords: Parent involvement motivations, home-school communication, social media networks, students’ achievement. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-12-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Social Media Invitations and Parents’ Psychological Motivators for Involvement

Rapid and unprecedented changes to family life in the technological era have left many parents feeling unable to effectively participate in their child’s educational journey. The current study aims at examining the relationship between parent perceptions of social media-based contextual invitations from the child, the teacher, and the school and parents' psychological motivations for involvement including role-activity construction as well as their self-efficacy to make a difference in their child’s scholastic journey in Moroccan public schools. A sample comprising 214 students’ parents (N214) of grades 1 through 12 from both urban and rural areas were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey adapted the pre-validated and revised versions of scales used by Walker et al. (2005) to apply Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s (1995, 1997) model of the parent involvement process. The results of a Spearman Rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation between parent perceptions of social media-based contextual invitations from the child, the teacher, and the school and parents' psychological motivations for involvement. This finding indicates that the use of social media networks may represent an efficacious emerging strategy to surmount some psychological setbacks to parental involvement. Furthermore, this finding extends Keyes’ (2000) seminal work, where she identified communication as the central aspect of Epstein’s typology of the parent involvement process. Results, as well as implications, are discussed herein, in addition to suggestions for practices that may enhance parent involvement in their child's scholastic experience. Keywords: Parent psychological motivations, home-school communication, social media networks, students’ achievement. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-12-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Assessing parents\u2019 self-efficacy to handle child obesity-related behaviors: validation of the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist in Iran

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to validate the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist (LBC) questionnaire, to measure Iranian parents' perceptions of their children's weight-related behaviors and their self-efficacy in dealing with those behaviors.MethodsThe LBC was translated into Farsi. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by an expert panel. A total of 213 mothers of 3–12-year-old children responded to the questionnaire. Criterion validity of the questionnaire was evaluated through comparing its result with a parenting style questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity of the questionnaire. Reproducibility was measured by twice administration of LBC, one month apart and using Spearman's rho correlation test. The questionnaire's internal consistency was assessed by calculating Cronbach's α.ResultsLBC Problem scale was significantly correlated with authoritarian parenting style score, while the Confidence scale was significantly correlated with authoritative and negatively with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. PCA suggested a six-factor construct, including, fussy eating, food-related problem behaviors, overeating behaviors, low interest in physical activity, poor self-image and sedentary behaviors. The results of CFA indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed models. Both, Problem scale (Cronbach's α = 0.8) and Confidence scale (Cronbach's α = 0.95) had high internal consistency. Spearman correlation coefficients indicated acceptable reproducibility for both the Problem scale (r = 0.74) and the Confidence scale (r = 0.70).ConclusionsThe Farsi version of LBC questionnaire is reliable and reasonably valid to measure Iranian mothers' perception of their children's weight-related problem behavior.

Evaluation of Shade Matching Accuracy of Smartphone Application compared to Conventional Visual Method: An Observational Pilot Study

Introduction: Shade selection has been always a challenging step for a dentist by using a shade guide in manual visual selection. “Colour Grab” application of the smartphone simplifies the procedure of shade selection by providing L a* b* values. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of the Smartphone application in shade selection compared to the visual method of shade selection. Materials and Methods: This observational pilot study was conducted at Maratha Mandal Dental College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, from January 2022 to March 2022. A total of 30 subjects were examined by five observers for shade selection using two methods - 1. Conventional visual method, 2. Smartphone application. A total of 300 samples were collected by the both methods. Colour grab application was used to determine L a* b* values of Vita Classic Shade tabs at a distance of 25 cm on neutral grey background and tabulated. Data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha test for interobserver reliability analysis, intraclass correlation test and Spearman rho correlation tests were used to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer shade selection accuracy respectively. Results: A total of 30 subjects (Females-16, Males-14) of age between 18-40 years were observed and analysed. For observers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the correlation coefficients were 0.962, 0.849, 0.824, 0.930 and 0.793 respectively at p-value &lt;0.01 for all observers which was highly significant. This test showed that there was strong correlation between the two techniques for each observer which had excellent consistency. Conclusion: Colour Grab smartphone application can be used as an alternative method to conventional visual method in shade selection.

Psychological Impact of Coping Strategies and Nurse Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic at Rspal Dr. Ramelan Surabaya

Background: Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has become an epidemic that creates a psychological burden for nurses who provide nursing care in health services. The psychological condition of nurses who are not good will affect anxiety, coping strategies, and performance when carrying out nursing care. Purpose: This study aims to describe the psychological impact on coping strategies and the performance of nurses in health services. Methods: The research design used observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population used were nurses who worked in the COVID-19 isolation room at the Naval Central Hospital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya with 54 nurses. The sampling technique is used with total sampling, that is, the entire population is used as a sample in the study. Results: The results of the Spearman Rho correlation test have a relationship between the psychological impact of anxiety and the nurse's strategy in dealing with COVID-19 patients (ρ-value = 0.001); there is no relationship between the psychological impact of anxiety and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.08); there is no relationship between the psychological impact of depression and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.064). and there is a relationship between the psychological impact of stress and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.0124); and there is a relationship between the psychological impact of stress and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (p-value = 0.0124). Conclusion: Psychological impacts do not always affect the performance of nurses, this can happen because nurses have good coping skills, plus nurses have attended seminars and training so that nurses' knowledge and skills have increased. Nurses have also been vaccinated, so nurses' anxiety and fear in treating COVID patients has decreased.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

This research is motivated by the emergence of the phenomenon of students experiencing a decline in grades. Academic achievement is a skill and ability as an achievement which is considered as a measure of student success. One of the factors that influence academic achievement is self-efficacy. To determine the relationship between self-efficacy and student achievement. Using quantitative research methods with a population of 152 students. Researchers used non-probability sampling technique with incidental sampling technique, obtained 58 samples. Data collection in this study used a scale (questionnaire/questionnaire) via google form using a Likert scale and documentation method in the form of IPS scores (Semester Achievement Index) to measure student achievement. The data analysis technique used Spearman Rho correlation test with SPSS 25.0 program. The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between self-efficacy and student achievement. This research can be useful as scientific information about the development of educational psychology, especially regarding self-efficacy and academic achievement. The limited number of samples who are willing to become respondents, as a consideration for further researchers to further deepen by using Academic Achievement with different variables.

Breast cancer patients therapeutic adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Knowledge level analytical study.

89 Background: Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a new challenge for Indonesia's cancer patient’s treatment. Patients face problems in undergoing therapy during the pandemic due to government lockdown regulations. Cancer patients, especially breast cancer, still do not understand how to deal with this problem. This study aims to determine COVID-19 knowledge’s effect on therapeutic adherence in breast cancer patients in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from February to April 2021. This study involved breast cancer patients from various regions in Indonesia. The research instrument employed the UNS-CASKQ14 questionnaire (Universitas Sebelas Maret-Cancer Altitude Satisfaction Knowledge Questionnaire) to determine COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels in breast cancer patients. The data were then tested the Spearman Rho correlation utilizing SPSS 25. Results: There were 812 respondents in this study, with the most respondents in the age range of 50-59 years (31.8%). As many as 222 (27.3%) respondents had a low knowledge level about COVID-19, 511 (62.9%) respondents had a sufficient knowledge level, and 79 (9.8%) respondents had a good knowledge level. As many as 369 (45.4%) respondents had a low therapeutic adherence level, and 443 (54.6%) respondents had a good adherence level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Spearman Rho correlation test between COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels, the results obtained were p = 0.51 (p &gt; 0.05), with the Spearman Rho coefficient value = 0.026. Conclusions: There was no significant effect between COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels in breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Determining the relationship between the impairment of selective voluntary motor control and gait deviations in children with cerebral palsy using simple video-based analyses.

The impairment of selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has been shown to correlate with their gait characteristics using complex 3D gait analysis systems (3DGA); however, this relationship has not been investigated using simple video-based observational gait analysis (VBOGA). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VBOGA and SVMC of the lower extremities in children with CP. Forty-two CP children 10.9 ± 5.7 years old with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III participated in the study. Their gait characteristics were assessed using the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS), and selective voluntary motor control was tested using the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE). Spearman's rho correlation test with Cohen's classification were used in the statistical analyses. The GMFCS levels (r = 0.604, p < 0.001), foot clearance (r = -0.584. p < 0.001), and maximum ankle dorsiflexion (r =-0.567, p < 0.001) during the swing phase had strong correlations with total SCALE scores. There was also a moderate correlation between total SCALE scores and total EVGS (r =-0.494, p < 0.001), knee extension in the terminal swing phase (r = -0.353, p < 0.001), peak sagittal trunk position (r = -0.316, p < 0.005), and maximum lateral shift (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Impaired lower extremity SVMC was noticeably related to the foot and ankle movements in the swing phase and initial stance during walking as well as the total EVGS scores and sagittal and frontal trunk movements. The SCALE correlations with VBOGA were similar those observed in the complex 3DGA in the literature; therefore, we suggest that SVMC impairment of gait could be evaluated using simple VBOGA. These findings may help to tailor physical therapy programs for CP children to increase their motor control and walking quality.

Self-efficacy for prevention of diabetic foot ulcer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: It is estimated that by 2040 there will be more than 642 million people with diabetes in the world and 80% of those people will live in developing countries. This means that every 6 seconds there is one person with diabetes who dies. WHO estimates that the number of DM sufferers in Indonesia will increase from 8.4 million in 2000 to around 21.3 million in 2030. Currently, Indonesia is ranked as the fourth largest DM sufferer after China, India, and the US. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Lampung Province has increased with prevalence (1.2%). Purpose: To determine of self-efficacy for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Method: A descriptive correlational design to determine the relationship between variables. The sample is 107 respondents and the sample is taken using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire, foot care confidence scale (FCCS), and treatment behavior scale for diabetes (FCBS for Diabetes). The independent variable of this research is self-efficacy of DM patients and the dependent variable of this research is foot care activity. Data analysis using Spearman Rho correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: Spearman Rho correlation test showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy of people with diabetes mellitus and behavior in foot care activities. p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05), r = 0.786. Conclusion: High self-efficacy in respondents with type-2 diabetes mellitus will increase behavior related to foot care activities.

Fungsi Kognitif dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Lansia

As age increases, various body deteriorioration will follow, one of them is cognitive function. The brain function of memory recall or remembering something is part of cognitive function. If this function weaken, daily activities will be disturbed and may have impacts on quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and quality of life in elderly. This was a cross-sectional design. Population was all elderly living in a private nursing home in Surabaya (N=150). Based on sample's selection criteria, there were 145 elderly participated as respondents. Instruments used were Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) for measuring cognitive function, and Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL) for measuring quality of life in elderly. Most respondents had normal cognitive function, but their quality of life was mostly sufficient. Statistical analysis by Spearman's Rho correlation test showed that cognitive function was significantly correlated with quality of life in elderly (p=0.008). The aging process has impact on cognitive function deterioration which resulted in a decrease in elderly's quality of life.&#x0D; Keywords: cognitive function, elderly, quality of life

Tingkat Kecemasan Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Pregnancy is a biological and psychological condition which certainly requires adaptation for women who are experiencing it. In the United States there are 40 million people experiencing anxiety disorders before childbirth. Third trimester pregnant women often feel afraid and anxious about the child who will be born later, so that pregnant women experience sleep quality disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety level and sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women at Ketapang Health Center. This type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population was 130 respondents in the third trimester of pregnant women at the Ketapang Health Center. The number of samples was 45 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Sleep quality variables used the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) questionnaire and the anxiety level variables used the HARS (Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety) questionnaire with data analysis tests using the Spearman Rho correlation test with a 95% confidence level. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that respondents who experienced mild anxiety with good sleep quality were 3 people (60%) and respondents who experienced severe anxiety with poor sleep quality were 15 people (83.3%). The correlation test between Anxiety Level and Sleep Quality for Third Trimester Pregnant Women obtained p value = 0.000, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality for third trimester pregnant women at the Ketapang Health Center. Future research is expected to use other factors that can affect the quality of sleep of pregnant women, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy.