Estimating household water consumptions in the Bandung Metropolitan area

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine relevant factors contributing to the water consumption in the Bandung Metropolitan area or Greater Bandung, which covered Bandung City, Cimahi City, Bandung Regency and West Bandung Regency. Towards achieving this aim, questionnaires were developed and served on the households in various communities to collect relevant data on the physical and socio-economic factors. Online questionnaires and direct survey were conducted with the number of samples proportional to the population of the Bandung Metropolitan area which is 1219 samples. Results of the study revealed that the daily average household water consumption in Bandung and Cimahi cities is 163.6 liters per person per day (lpd), Bandung Regency is 168.6 lpd, and West Bandung is 151.7 lpd, and in general was 161.26 lpd for Bandung Metropolitan. These values are higher than the standard commonly used for planning water supply systems which is 120 lpd. The factor affecting water consumptions are the type of water sources (public and private) and based on the Spearman Rho correlation test socio-economic conditions (economic level, education level, gender, and age) have a significant effect on water consumption as well. Comprehensively understanding household water consumption is necessary to design efficient and effective water demand management.