World Space Research Articles

Distribution of productive forces in the global steel market

The events taking place in the world in the new Millennium were the result of global changes in the political and geographical structure of the world space at the end of the previous century. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the fragmentation of the socialist camp, the changes in the middle East – all this could not but affect the redistribution of the centers of productive forces, among which not the last role belonged to the metallurgical industry. The article describes the largest steel production centers with key positions in the structure of world trade.

A graphical null model for scaling biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is declining at rates faster than at any other point in human history. Experimental manipulations at small spatial scales have demonstrated that communities with fewer species consistently produce less biomass than higher diversity communities. Understanding the consequences of the global extinction crisis for ecosystem functioning requires understanding how local experimental results are likely to change with increasing spatial and temporal scales and from experiments to naturally assembled systems.Scaling across time and space in a changing world requires baseline predictions. Here, we provide a graphical null model for area scaling of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships using observed macroecological patterns: the species–area curve and the biomass–area curve. We use species–area and biomass–area curves to predict how species richness–biomass relationships are likely to change with increasing sampling extent. We then validate these predictions with data from two naturally assembled ecosystems: a Minnesota savanna and a Panamanian tropical dry forest.Our graphical null model predicts that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are scale‐dependent. However, we note two important caveats. First, our results indicate an apparent contradiction between predictions based on measurements in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments and from scaling theory. When ecosystem functioning is measured as per unit area (e.g. biomass per m2), as is common in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments, the slope of the biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationship should decrease with increasing scale. Alternatively, when ecosystem functioning is not measured per unit area (e.g. summed total biomass), as is common in scaling studies, the slope of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship should increase with increasing spatial scale. Second, the underlying macroecological patterns of biodiversity experiments are predictably different from some naturally assembled systems. These differences between the underlying patterns of experiments and naturally assembled systems may enable us to better understand when patterns from biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments will be valid in naturally assembled systems.Synthesis. This paper provides a simple graphical null model that can be extended to any relationship between biodiversity and any ecosystem functioning across space or time. Furthermore, these predictions provide crucial insights into how and when we may be able to extend results from small‐scale biodiversity experiments to naturally assembled regional and global ecosystems where biodiversity is changing.

Educational ecosystem development based on quality management standards

The educational system is sensitive to all changes in the world space. The transition to a digital society is determined by significant changes in the philosophical foundations of human activity and creating products, especially intellectual ones. The information and digital revolutions have significantly changed the spheres of cognition, perception and human activity, putting them on the rails of continuous education in an actively developing dynamic world. In order to evolve, it is necessary to transfer the existing system of knowledge and sciences to the new, digital generation of people, to form mechanisms of continuous learning, to generate innovations - the solution to this problem lies with the education system, referring to all its levels. The change in the education model is not only about the digitalization of educational processes. The “human-centered” approach is global. The authors consider the methodology for the development of educational ecosystems as a new norm of educational activity, revealing the concepts of educational ecology and analyzing the principles of implementing the ecosystem approach from the standpoint of achieving the quality of education.

МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ГОТЕЛЬНИЙ БІЗНЕС В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ

The article considers the international hotel business in the conditions of global instability. It is noted that the functioning of the hotel business and the economy as a whole directly depends on the state of tourism development in a country. An analysis of the TOP-20 countries whose economies depend on the development of tourism is presented. It is determined that the leading place in the world hotel industry is occupied by the European continent, the hotel fund makes more than 55% of all world hotel fund (171 thousand hotels). The hotel fund in European countries, without losing leadership throughout history, is growing annually by an average of 2-2.5%. Thus, the European market is of strategic importance for both leading international and national hotel companies. For example, their activities in the region form the main trends in the hotel services market. The hotel chains of Europe are also presented according to the list of TOP-100 hotel brands of Europe. It is noted that if you combine the mega brand Ibis hotel brands – Ibis, Ibis Styles and Ibis Budget, they will take first place even in the number of chain hotels in Europe. Based on the analysis, a number of key factors have been identified that force hotel facilities to constantly increase the efficiency of their activities. However, world practice shows that even against the background of global instability, the hotel industry remains a reliable source of revenue for the budgets of countries, including Ukraine. Also identified global trends in the development of the hotel business, the main of which are: the development of the hotel business in the context of close cooperation with enterprises in other industries; intensification of the hotel business, which will increase the availability of hotel services for consumers; strengthening the specialization of the hotel business, which allows a clearer focus on certain segments of consumers, taking into account various characteristics; integration and globalization of the hotel industry; individual approach to customer service needs; wide introduction of new forms of information and communication technologies, which allows mobile integration into the world space.

Competence approach as a condition for integration of Ukrainian education into the world space

Competence approach as a condition for integration of Ukrainian education into the world space

To the question of the building information modeling technologies transition to a new development level

The article analyzes the maturity level of information modeling technology based on the Bew-Richards diagram, as well as using the Gartner curve. The analysis of current publications on the keywords BIM and Building information modeling has been carried out. It has been determined that Revit software is currently the most widely used for working with construction objects, but the proposed Bentley products provide more granularity in the information model characteristics. At the same time, none of the presented products can cover the entire life cycle of a construction project without significant modifications. The authors propose to expand the set of building structures elementsэ properties, dividing them into more detailed subgroups, to use this information at further stages of the release of design documentation. Thus, the information in the model should be sufficient to release all subsequent documentation. In this case, in addition of the need to separate them in detail, information about the position of the object in world space, and not in model space, is added to the properties. As a result, it is possible to build an information system containing information sufficient for the release of all project documentation according to the proposed approach, as well as supporting the project at the operational stage. In this case, the documentation issuance is proposed to be done by writing scripts and using databases.

HYBRID WAR AS A NEW FORM OF INTERSTATE CONFRONTATION

The weakening of the modern system of global security, its deformation and fragmentation lead to the growing chaos of international relations. Modern destructive technologies used in the interests of solving the problem of ensuring the global domination of the West, combined with unskilled and short-sighted actions of governments and irresponsible slogans of the opposition, put individual states and nations on the brink of disaster. Globalization as the strengthening of international economic, financial, political, cultural, demographic relationships and interdependencies affects all three key areas of managing the collective activities of people at the national level: administrative state (political) governance; management of the socio-economic sphere; management of the cultural and ideological sphere. In each area of governance, there are key areas of criticality, which can have a strong impact on the stable development of an individual country. In the context of growing global criticality, the composition of forces taking part in conflicts is changing, new non-traditional threats are emerging. In the context of globalization and the strengthening of the mutual influence of countries in the world space, as well as the rapid development of information technologies, interstate rivalry and confrontation can take fundamentally new forms. In this regard, the issues of the genesis of the phenomenon of hybrid wars and their new form of interstate proto-resistance acquire an important role. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of hybrid war from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach and prove that hybrid war, being a natural result of globalization, is not just a technology of interstate confrontation, but a separate concept taken in practice as a basis in the modern interstate confrontation between Russia and the United States. The problem of hybrid war is relatively new, in connection with which there is a large number of interpretations of this definition, which makes it difficult to select effective mechanisms to counter the hybrid aggressor.

Agility and Fintech is the Future of Islamic Finance: A Study from Islamic Banks in Bahrain

Fintech is the new revolution in finance and banking industry. Artificial intelligence, robotics, blockchain and other advanced technologies have slowly found space in the banking world. Islamic banking is not untouched by these revolutions. Bahrain is considered as the hub of Islamic banking in the GCC and all over the world. Bahrain has the largest concentration of Islamic banks in the world. The main objective of this study is to find the impact of agility and fintech on the future of Islamic banking in Bahrain. The research has used mainly secondary data for its study. The study concludes that the fintech has potential impact on the future of Islamic banking. There was a reluctant on the part of Islamic banks to adopt fintech. They treated fintech as more of a competitor than the partners. The Islamic banks now must understand to be agile, competitive and aggressive. The study indicated many points which highlights the necessity on the part of Islamic banks to be agile and adopt fintech as partners.

Rural development: a new microdistrict between the city and the village. Part 1. Theoretical analysis of social and territorial spaces of cities and villages

The first part of the work is devoted to the analysis of socio-territorial transforming one of the desolate rural lands from the perspective of an approach to phenomenological sociology. The goal is, from a theoretical point of view, to deepen the social construction scientific approach of locality, based on the study of the topological perspective between the city and the village according to such space properties as orientability, compactness and connectivity, when they remain invariant during construction changes in the working site of the territory. The methodology of structural and genetic operationalization of social space is used in terms of P. Bourdieu, rethinking the production of space by A. Lefebvre’s paradigm, its verification in terms of the phenomenology of A. Appadurai, the production of place as a center of meaning created by experience from interpretations of humanistic geography. The used combination of several paradigms provides a theoretically powerful basis for understanding how interlocal social relations, lifeworlds, and the found out identities of the territory inhabitants between the city and the village are interconnected. The theoretical object of research is local communities in rural and suburban areas. General hypothesis of the research: at present, a new modification of the concept of “rural” has emerged, especially to the extent that it is typical for any country in the world, while global trends in the suburbanization (isolation) of individual rural areas as various forms of peripheral urban development acquire a special (priority) value, challenging A. Lefebvre’s “urban revolution” paradigm in the sense that the space of the modern world is becoming totally urbanized. This article confirms the hypothesis about the spread of the global suburbanization of Roger Cale’s theory, which is becoming more widespread and more significant phenomenon in different countries and regions of the world. This is also evidenced by the ever-expanding geography of suburban research in post-socialist countries, as well as criticism of the derived meaning concept of suburbs in relation to urban centers. The empirical evidence of this article confirms the growing importance of peripheral urban development in various forms and, in a more general context, leads to an understanding of the need to revise urban social theory in the spread context of global suburbanization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the author’s rethinking of the reproduction concept of space both at the symbolic level of local subjectivity and in specific ties to the life worlds of the new territories inhabitants of spatial development, with the author’s empirical confirmation of the proposed approaches, conclusions and presented databases.

Communicative strategy of university education: current discourse

This paper links the relevance of the research on communicative strategy in the frameworks of current university education and national public school system as a whole to fill the gap within both scientific Scholarship and pragma studies that reflect on novelty and changes of conditions and tasks for the development language education in the polyphony of the cultural information and educational spaces as a dominant value of social life of man and the society. This manuscript presents for consideration and discussion some of the authors’ findings of personification of training and learning as a priority of recurrent education and of axiology that involve and constitute the comprehensive model of a) transformations of the requirements for language proficiency of an individual, b) changes of structural, functional and communicative approaches to teaching/training and learning goals, c) selection of knowledge content and methodology of programming and planning in terms of integration processes. In conclusion, the statement of development of functional literacy of a personality in the chaotic space of the multicultural world of global communication and pluralistic essence of the era of postmodernism is suggested as of prior significance.

МИФОЛОГИЯ РУССКОГО ПРАВОСЛАВИЯ И АРХИТЕКТУРА ДЕРЕВЯННОГО ХРАМА

This research topic is the initial stage of new work. The influence of the mythopoetic worldview of Russians and Orthodoxy on the architectural structure and symbolism in the concept of wooden temple building in the northern and arctic territories is considered an integrative scientific field in the article. This is founding a confirmation in the organization of the cultural and sacred landscape, in historical traditions and legends about the choosing of a place for the building of a temple (chapel). As well as the special status of «sacred» and «roadside» groves of trees, the selection of these trees for construction in a sacred meaning and using of individual parts of these temples as a community center and place for ancient rituals. The lexis, connected with the folk architecture, indicates the anthropomorphic nature of the architectural space of the temple. The construction, as it were, is assembled from «large», qualitatively significant components of the human body: head, neck, face, eyes, kokoshnik, forehead, rib, human bust, etc. This tradition is preserved and strengthened by the circumstance that since ancient times, the proportions of the human body acted as a tectonic (building) model of the entire architectural structure. The research substantiates an algorithm for the interactionof the mythopoetic worldview and the Orthodoxy on the architectural structure, and the significance of church architecture. The temple occupied a central place in the sacred space of the northern peasant world. The conducted research made it possible to convincingly prove that wooden churches are a symbolic heritage of the Russian North and the Arctic. The pinnacle of the development of wooden architecture, embodied in the northern temple architecture, was a natural result of ancient Russian architectural – constructional traditions and a reflection of the talent of the Russian people, which allows us to translate the concept of «Russian carpenter» into the category of «Russian architect».

МЕЖДУ ИСКУССТВОМ И ВАНДАЛИЗМОМ: ДИСКУРСИВНАЯ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОСТЬ ГРАФФИТИ И СТРИТ-АРТА

Today we are witnessing significant cultural changes. The new model of culture can no longer be hierar-chical and base on binary structures. The tree model is changing to the rhizome model. Rizome offers a high level of freedom in making new connections that generate cultural reality. Big narrative as a norma-tive instance is being replaced by separate discourses that dictate norms only within themselves. In this article, we explore how the specificity of different discourses (legislative discourse, discourses of the art world and public opinion) affects the representation in them of such cultural phenomena as graffiti and street art works. From a legal point of view, graffiti and illegal street art are acts of vandalism and deserve punishment. The legislative branch operates in the field of two concepts — «permitted»/«prohibited». The semantic space of the legislative discourse has retained a binary structure and hierarchical organiza-tion. The discourse generated by the institutions of the art world is very mobile, the binary structure and hierarchical organization of its semantic space have disappeared. There obviously takes place the rhizome principle of organizing the normative space of the art world and the increasing role of the individual prin-ciple in the formation of a discursive statement. These features of the discourse created an opportunity for street artists to enter the world of art. The study of the discourse of public opinion was carried out through sociological research. Most young people not only distinguish graffiti from vandalism but are also ready to see it as a form of contemporary art. We explain the clear correlation in the responses of young people in different cities by a single media space. The results of the study confirm the disintegration of a single normative space and its replacement by local (specific) discourses.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МЕНТАЛИТЕТА В ШАМАНСТВУЮЩЕМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ У НАНАЙЦЕВ

The generalization of the field material collected by the author allowed to identify two groups of interrelated factors that form the mentality of those Nanai people who practice shamanism. There were two principles identified, the goal-setting and detecting the resources required to achieve the desired results. On the one hand, an irrational worldview, the idea of the accessibility of the space of the spiritual world and the characters inhabiting it (spirits), is specific to the mentality of shamanists. On the other hand, the basis of the mentality of shamanists is the priority of the principle of pragmatism (utility), that is, the desire to consider the spiritual invisible reality as a resource available for solving those problems that arise in the real physical world. The mentality formed at the intersection of the principles of irrationality and utility has a significant sociogenetic potential, its effect extends to those aspects of the socio-cultural reality that are outside of the actual shamanic practice...

Аналіз національного рівня інтернаціоналізації вищої освіти: приклад України

It is shown that the internationalization of higher education attracts significant attention of researchers and participants of higher education space. It is emphasized that the internationalization of higher education is a multilevel phenomenon and covers supranational, continental, national, institutional, and individual levels. The national level of internationalization of higher education is analyzed in detail. The organizational strategies of the national level of internationalization, which are implemented through national policies and programs are considered. It emphasizes that national level involves policies related to education, science and technology, culture, trade, social development, employment, foreign relations, migration, industry, and the programs can be seen as the way policy is translated into action. Important rationales driving internationalization at the national level are revealed. It also considers the approaches to internationalization at the national level, which describe the dominant features of the general ways that a country has decided to proceed with internationalization. It is shown that Ukraine has significant achievements in internationalization of higher education and in integration into the world and European higher education space due to the implementation of the Bologna reform and European reform in higher education management and governance, gets new opportunities for higher education through current international scientific and educational projects and projects of cooperation with international organizations.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СВІТОВОГО ЕКСПОРТУ ТОВАРІВ І ПОСЛУГ В УМОВАХ ГЕОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

Introduction. Due to the deepening processes of globalization of the world economy, there are quantitative and qualitative transformations taking place in international economic relations between countries. Changes in connections in the world market for goods and services, as one of the largest in scale and power, reflect the general trends of geoeconomic transformations. Analysis of these transformations allows us to understand their causes, main trends and consequences.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to model world exports of goods and services in the context of geoeconomic transformations with the use of cluster analysis. Methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, system analysis, etc. were used in the paper. Special methods that were applied include the methods of cluster analysis: the single linkage method and Ward’s method. The results were visualized in the form of hierarchical trees. Results. Using cluster analysis methods, international trade relations were modeled in the context of geoeconomic transformations in the field of world exports of goods and services. The analysis is based on the value of export transactions of seventy-five countries in six regions for the period from 2005 to 2019, which was divided into three time intervals. The results confirm the existence of transformations in trade relations between the countries. In particular, when modeling the export of goods, changes occurred in the first two time intervals. It was found that during the first period the following three clusters were formed: European, South American and a cluster that is formed by a number of countries in Europe, North America and Asia. The results of modeling in the second time period show the reduction and isolation of the European region and the formation of a large cluster, which included countries of the Asian and American regions. This trend continued in the future. In the process of modeling the export of services, significant transformations were revealed in the first and third time intervals. Initially, the European cluster was absent, as most European countries were members of other clusters, the Asian cluster in particular. However, in the third period, not only Asian, but also North American countries formed joint clusters with European countries. Thus, the results showed that the trends in the reformatting of trade relations between countries in exports of goods and exports of services have their own characteristics associated with the crisis, foreign trade policy and other exogenous and endogenous factors.Originality. The application of cluster analysis for modeling international trade relations in order to identify their reformatting under the influence of various factors gives particular relevance to this problem. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the presence of radical qualitative and quantitative changes in the export of goods and services, as one of the manifestations of the geoeconomic transformations of world space. Under the influence of various factors, these changes provoked reformatting of international trade relations between countries of different regions. The applied methods of cluster analysis reflect and confirm the presence of these changes.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В ГОТЕЛЬНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ІННОВАЦІЙ

In a dynamically developing world space, the issues of economic security of enterprises are very relevant. Today, in the Ukrainian realities, service enterprises have to work in an uncertain and unstable market environment. The difficulties of the Ukrainian economy are manifested in a decrease in both production volumes and the quality characteristics of the products offered. Competitiveness is becoming a determining factor in ensuring the economic security of the economic system and its sustainable development. The transition to an innovative development model is not only a state task, but also a real, objectively existing need for any enterprise operating in a market economy. For an enterprise that wants not only to maintain its position in the market, but also to strengthen it, it is necessary to introduce innovative approaches in all areas of production and economic activity. One of the main threats in modern conditions of the functioning of economic entities of economic security of an enterprise is low innovation activity. This is due to the use of outdated technologies, imperfect methods and forms of organization of production and management, the lack of approved mechanisms of innovation, an ineffective scheme of interaction between scientific institutions and innovative structures, etc. financial, personnel, material and technical, informational, etc.). However, in order for these resources to be focused on the implementation of specific innovative technologies, it is necessary that the enterprise be able to effectively use these resources. This ability can be provided at the state level through organizational and managerial influence. Consequently, it is necessary to form an economic mechanism for increasing the innovative activity of enterprises in the real sector of the economy. Thus, today the innovative orientation of enterprises is a key instrument of their competitiveness and economic security. To increase the level of economic security of an enterprise, it is necessary to apply an innovative development strategy, which will allow to form and strengthen business relations, take advantageous market positions and increase the level of business activity of the enterprise. The company's innovative strategy should be aimed, first of all, at the production of competitive services (products), increasing production efficiency, carrying out correct sales activities, obtaining high profits and forming an insurance reserve, the presence of which is a mandatory factor in the company's economic security.

ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНІ ОБЛІГАЦІЇ У ПРОЄКТНОМУ ФІНАНСУВАННІ: СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

There are many types of financial instruments used to finance infrastructure projects. In the world practice for the implementation of large-scale and capital-intensive projects for several decades actively used the mechanism of project financing with the use of various forms of borrowing, which are provided by income generated by the cash flows of the project. The focus is now on instruments that allow for financing, reducing risks and providing investors with certain incentives to attract investment. There is a great practice in the world space of application of different methods, ways and tools allowing solving such issue. In different countries, the use of financing forms through debt securities and this financing has own peculiarity and certain differences in each individual country. These features have determined by the specifics of the municipal promissory notes and corporate borrowing, as well as the system of state regulation. In particular, the issues concern the determination of interest rates, tax preferences, government support. The need to adapt the existing foreign experience in the Ukrainian reality is due to the fact that the existing system of local borrowing is not adequate to modern requirements, and infrastructure bonds are not used in Ukraine at all. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study foreign experience of using infrastructure bonds in project financing, generalize it and find solutions to adapt this experience in Ukraine. In this context, the benefits of project finance have identified and these main objectives have defined. The mechanism of project financing has substantiated taking into account the use of debt instruments through the disclosure of their essence, purpose and application features. The current practice of issuing infrastructure bonds in countries such as the USA, India, Australia and Chile have analyzed. Based on the analysis, foreign experience is summarized and the characteristics of the mechanism for financing projects through the use of municipal and corporate infrastructure bonds have determined. The main directions of adaptation of foreign experience in Ukraine have proposed.

RFID Dynamic Performance Measurement System Embedded in Multiscale Deep Learning

Multitag sensitivity would be affected by electromagnetic coupling during simultaneous reading. The reading distance of multitag depends on the least sensitivity and operating power of all tags, which is an indicator of reading performance. The main purpose of this article is to optimize the reading performance of multitag by embedding deep learning, while the reading distance of multitag changes with the 3-D geometric structure. Dynamic multitag image deblurring based on multiscale convolutional neural network (MCNN) improves image restoration ability and clarity. Also, tag detection from the estimated image via YOLOv3 improved by feature enhancement (YOLOv3_f) can improve the detection ability of small size targets, and mean average precision (mAP) is increased by 16.4%. Finally, the 3-D coordinates of tags in pixel space are converted into 3-D coordinates of world space by a quaternion. Comparing our system with the positioning method without deblurring, the 3-D coordinate structures are tested in the dynamic measurement system. The experimental results show that the reading performance of the designed RFID system has been greatly improved as the number of tags increases. Our scheme can improve the reading distance of multitag from the physical structure and the anticollision ability of the RFID system.

�����˲��ֲ� ���ϲ������ �� ���� �� �������� �����ʲ� ���������� ��²������ IJ������ ����Ͳ��������� ��������

The current state of world development is characterized by a dynamic deepening of the processes of integration of political, economic, cultural life of the world. Now we can observe the rapprochement of different countries and peoples, which has a significant impact on their culture, values, language and speech elements. This process is called �globalization�. As a result of globalization, there is an interpenetration of languages, which blurs the boundaries between languages, which is manifested in changes in the lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels of language. Borrowings are primarily distributed through the media and the Internet. The objective of the article is to investigate the influence of globalization processes taking place in the society on the formation of the latest business communicative discourse. Research methods: descriptive method, method of comparative analysis, which make it possible to determine the specifics of the Ukrainian language functioning at the present level and draw conclusions about the material processed. At the heart of the globalization of official business discourse is the Ukrainian model of society. It is closely connected with the Ukrainian language, which has been fighting for its rights for centuries in order to take a worthy place among the world�s languages. That is why attention is paid to the development trends of the Ukrainian language in modern conditions, in particular the issue of language culture. Globalization determines the prospects for the development of the Ukrainian language today. The consequence of globalization is cultural integration, it is a tool for influencing national culture and language. The processes of globalization can have both positive and negative effects on the language situation, ie it can be argued that globalization has a two-vector nature. There are three globalization tendencies in the development of the Ukrainian language today. The first is the development in Ukrainian of the world space previously closed to it. The second is a change in the status of the Ukrainian language. Now it is in demand in the official business sphere, in the field of education, culture, economics, politics, etc. The third is language policy in Ukraine, strengthening the role of the Ukrainian language as a state-building language. The modern business sphere is an effective means of transmitting information designed for the maximum audience. Its specificity is determined primarily by its functional nature � to be a means of influence. Business relationships react instantly to changes and events in the world, capture them. The issue of the culture of the Ukrainian language remains relevant and appears globally in the context of the development of the Ukrainian state. Urgently, this issue manifests itself in the official business style, as the field of office work still uses a huge number of copies of the Russian language and forgets about the actual Ukrainian versions. This problem is due to the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the context of bilingualism. We should not forget that the success of the case depends on the level of language training, on the ability to formulate an opinion correctly. Successfully selected words and explanations make it possible to take into account the situation of business communication, the problem and find a decent solution. Therefore, the arsenal of language tools used by the business sector today has changed and requires a separate study.

Influence of the multicultural environment of a Russian university on the language training of foreign students

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in terms of the development of academic mobility processes, it is necessary to develop linguo-cultural content that reflects the need-motivational sphere of foreign students, as well as the implementation of the developed content, taking into account the multiculturalism of Russian universities. Besides, it is recognized that in the multicultural university environment, a foreign language culture for a foreign student acts in two ways: as a culture of the target language country, on the one hand, and as a culture of the educational environment of a Russian university, on the other hand. The empirical part of the study was carried out on a sample of 42 foreign students from Russian universities. Students were interviewed through a questionnaire to identify as follows: the attitude of foreign students towards the discovery of Russian culture and learning the Russian language; difficulties in learning the Russian language; their awareness of the qualities that characterize personal effectiveness of language training. It was revealed that foreign students recognized the wealth and beauty (42.9%), the uniqueness of the Russian language and culture (38.1%), the importance of the Russian language as a means of intercultural communication (23.8%). The absolute majority (95.2%) of foreign students experience difficulties in mastering the grammatical structure of the Russian language. As for personal qualities, the students revealed those that are interconnected with the features of national identity and allow foreign students to adapt to the Russian educational environment and reality. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the complexity of educational activities served as a guideline in the teacher’s actions in solving problems of mastering a foreign language and culture by foreign students, preserving the national identity of an individual, and training his/her for intercultural communication in a multicultural world space.