Southern Region Of Vietnam Research Articles

The Strength of Training and Applied Research on Specialized Sociology to Contribute to the Social Science Development (Case Study in the Southern Region of Vietnam)

The Strength of Training and Applied Research on Specialized Sociology to Contribute to the Social Science Development (Case Study in the Southern Region of Vietnam)

Coal Fly Ash in Vietnam and its Application as a Lightweight Material

Each year in Vietnam, to operate the country's thermal power plants, it is necessary to utilize a large quantity of coal. The power plants then generate a large amount of coal fly ash (FA), which is a hazardous solid waste that can seriously affect the environment. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate solutions for treating or reusing the generated FA. In this study, the layout of coal-fired thermal power plants in Vietnam, as well as the country's coal use and FA emissions, are discussed. Research is reviewed on the potential applications of FA in Vietnam, along with related research from the past 20 y worldwide, and is found to demonstrate that the main application of FA is that of a geopolymer in construction, acting as a low-cost adsorbent that removes compounds, organic matter, emissions, metals, light aggregates, backfills, and auxiliary baselines, and synthesizes zeolites. On that basis, FA samples collected in the northern and southern regions of Vietnam were analyzed for their chemical compositions. The results determined that FA throughout Vietnam has the chemical composition, SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 over 70 wt%. This is FA of classification F, according to TCVN 10302: 2014 (2014) and ASTM C618. This study concludes that the fly ash originating in Vietnam is suited to the production of porous, super-light materials with a high technical value, such as aerogels or aerogel composites. Such materials as these possess special properties such as a low density, high specific surface area or porosity, low thermal conductivity, sound insulation, low dielectric constant, low optical refractive index, or a high optical transmission capacity, elasticity, durability, or flexibility. The application of Vietnamese FA in the production of materials such as these is recommended by this paper, as a means of countering the environmental pollution problem of coal-fired thermal power plants and promoting the development of advanced materials in Vietnam.

Coping strategies and social support among caregivers of patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam.

Research on coping strategies and social support among Vietnamese cancer caregivers remains limited. In this study, we aim to examine the relationships between types of coping strategies utilized and social support among cancer caregivers. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in three main cancer hospitals in the Northern, Central and Southern regions of Vietnam. The 28-item Brief COPE Inventory (BCI) Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were utilized. Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were performed. Active coping, acceptance and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among participants, while substance use was the least commonly used. Level of social support was positively correlated with the utilization of coping mechanisms. Receiving high social support and utilizing positive coping strategies enables caregivers to mitigate their caregiving burden, control the situation and enhance their own quality of life.

Replacement of missing teeth in a southern region of Vietnam — a descriptive dental laboratory study

To explore whether tooth replacement in a southern region of Vietnam is in line with the primary health care approach, aiming at health services for all people at affordable costs. Tooth replacement was investigated by means of prostheses as delivered by four dental laboratories of which the output was considered representative. Information was based on dental casts related to the prostheses. Prostheses replaced almost all missing teeth, irrespective of the types (interrupted or shortened dental arches) and numbers of missing teeth in the dental arch they were made for. Acrylic removable partial dentures were the most common prostheses delivered (65% of removable partial dentures). It cannot be stated that dental arch conditions in this study were representative for the southern Vietnamese population. However, it is concluded that dental practitioners tend to provide complete dental arches by tooth replacements. This morphologically based approach might introduce over treatment. In line with primary oral health care, a functionally oriented treatment management, including the shortened dental arch concept, should be implemented.

Time of emergence of climate signals over Vietnam detected from the CORDEX‐SEA experiments

AbstractThis study uses six regional climate model (RCM) experiments from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment—Southeast Asia (CORDEX‐SEA) and their driving global climate models (GCM) to investigate the model performance and the time of emergence (ToE) of temperature and precipitation over Vietnam and its seven sub‐climatic regions. A simple delta (multiplicative) bias correction (BC) method has been applied to the model temperature (precipitation). Results show clear added values of the BC downscaled products compared to their driving GCMs, particularly for temperature. The projected trends of RCM temperature during 2006–2100 under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios are similar to those of their driving GCMs. Consequently, the RCM‐based ToE and GCM‐based ToE are generally consistent for temperature, occurring in the beginning of the 21st century. The earliest and latest ToE occur in summer and winter, respectively. The seasonal differentiation for temperature‐ToEs is stronger in the northern areas compared to the southern areas of Vietnam. The ToE difference between two RCPs increases from the south to the north. As for precipitation, ToE occurs quite late, in the latter half of the 21st century at the earliest. Results from ToE estimations also indicate an opposite precipitation trend between the GCMs and RCMs. The largest difference is in summer over the southern region of Vietnam. The opposite trend between the GCM and RCM precipitation under a similar increasing temperature implies the uncertainty in assessing the impact of warming on hydrological cycles in Vietnam.

Limitation and Recommendation for Rice Cultivation on the Problem Soils in the Southern Region of Vietnam

Background: Soil degradation is the factor causing crops yield decline in the Southern region of Vietnam. Since the recommendations for limitation of soil constraints will consult the proper problem soil management. Methods: The soil limitation identified based on soil chemistry, physics and morphology properties, suggested by Sanchez et al (1998 and 2003). Soil data of 28 field experiments were analysed. Result: There were 25 rice soil fertility classes, among those, CC (clay in top and subsoil) and CCs (clay in top and subsoil, saline affected) types occupied in large areas. The major soil limitation for rice cultivation including soils low in % organic carbon (o); high in P fixation and high Fe toxicity potential (i); potential salinity (s-); low available P (p); low pH and high Al (a); actual acid sulphate soils (c, c-) potential acid sulphate soils (f, f-). The leaching soil toxicity, application of N, P, K fertilizers and organic matter were recommended.

Occurrence of leaf litter inhabiting myxomycetes from lowland forest patches of Northern and Central Vietnam

During the last years, much of the diversity studies of myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) have been concentrated mostly in the Southern region of Vietnam. Moreover, information on leaf litter inhabiting myxomycetes for the country is still in scarcity. Hence, this study aims to assess the occurrence and distribution of leaf litter inhabiting myxomycetes in different forest types in the subtropical northern and coastal tropical monsoon central part of the country. Samples of aerial and ground leaf litter that were used to prepare moist chamber cultures in the laboratory were collected in (1) Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi, (2) Ho Nui Coc, Thai Nguyen, and (3) coastal forest patches in Da Nang. A total of 24 species belonging to 10 genera, wherein the majority of these myxomycete species appeared abundantly (11 species) is reported for this study. Based on species richness, Ha Noi harbored the highest number of myxomycete species. Leaf litter inhabiting myxomycete communities between aerial and ground substrates shared a high level of similarity based on their species composition and relative abundance. Highest level of similarity of leaf litter inhabiting myxomycete asssemblages is also reported between Ha Noi and Da Nang (CC = 0.78, PS = 0.56). This research study is the first step in understanding the complex myxomycete ecology of leaf inhabiting myxomycetes and would help filling now the large gap in one of the unexplored tropical areas of the world.

Dementia and associated factors among the elderly in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDementia poses a serious threat to the wellbeing of the elderly. In the context of the rapidly ageing population of Vietnam however, little is known about the prevalence of symptoms and other related factors. This study aims to detect the prevalence of cognitive symptoms of dementia in the elderly in Vietnam as well as other associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six communes at the Northern, Central and Southern region of Vietnam. Prevalence of cognitive symptoms of dementia was the outcome of interest and assessed by Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) questionnaire and was standardized according to the age structure of Vietnam. A total of 3308 adults aged 60 and above were included. Association between having cognitive symptoms of dementia and other factors was assessed with logistic regression.FindingsCognitive symptoms of dementia were perceived in 46.4% of the sample group. The symptoms were more common among participants who were older, female, had a lower educational level, were not physically active or have previously had stroke.ConclusionsPrevalence of cognitive symptoms of dementia in adults aged 60 and above was relatively high in Vietnam. Other modifiable associated factors including physical inactivity and social connectedness should also be considered in designing intervention program to prevent dementia in the future.

New Constituents From the Roots and Stems of Paramignya trimera

Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guill. (Rutaceae), mostly distributed in the southern regions of Vietnam, has been used as a medicinal plant for treatment of liver diseases and cancer. From the methanol extract of the roots and stems of P. trimera, 3 new compounds (1-3) were isolated, including ninhvanin B (1), paramitrimerol (2), and parabacunoic acid (3), and a known alkaloid, citrusinine-I (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data.

Aquatic geochemistry status in the south, central, and highland regions of Vietnam.

Aquatic geochemical distribution in the Central, Highland, and Southern regions of Vietnam, including: Da Nang city (Hoa Khanh Industrial Park, Aquaculture Industrial Zone Tho Quang, Do Toa River Deposit Area), Da Lat city (Prenn Pass), Dong Nai province (Suoi Ram hamlet, Cam My district, Long Giao) was investigated by using 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) combined with geochemical analysis. In this research, the correlation between tectonic formation, geochemical composition, and groundwater distribution was assessed between regions. Geochemistry of the Holocene aquifer (from 10 to 30m underground) was studied considering major ions and trace elements measured in wet and dry seasons. The results of chemometric evaluation show that groundwater in Central Vietnam, Da Nang in particular, has a higher frequency of environmental toxin distribution than in Da Lat and Dong Nai. Groundwater in Da Lat with the advantage of high distribution of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn. The micro and macro elements such as Co, Mo, Na have high distribution in groundwater in Dong Nai. Meanwhile, groundwater at the study sites in Da Nang showed high concentrations of heavy metals with high toxicity such as, Al, Pb, and Ni. In Da Nang city, the concentration of Pb in groundwater samples from Holocene aquifer ranges between 74 in dry season and 214ppb in wet season, exceeding the WHO guideline of 21ppb. There is an increase of mean temperature of groundwater from Holocene aquifer of studied areas, from 17 in wet season to 26.2°C in dry season. It shows that the ambient temperature effects on the groundwater reflects the relatively surficial character of Holocene aquifer. At the same time, the impact factors, including natural conditions, production methods, customs, and habits were analyzed to formulate the risks and potential risks of geohazards in mechanical construction, infrastructure, civil works, and underground works affecting the social security in the research areas. Through the convection and transfer processes, the electrolyte pollutants such as NaCl, KCl, and acetic acid (the resistivity is about 5.38Ωm) have been accumulated in groundwater of Da Nang - a developing city with industrial clusters. This problem is similar to Suoi Ram hamlet, where groundwater is also showing signs of pollution due to the use of chemicals in cultivation (mainly cashew nut growth). In terms of density and flow of underground water, according to the results of the electrical images, generally in Suoi Ram Hamlet pollution is much larger than the Hoa Khanh industrial park (Da Nang), which is also quite reasonable because the southern area is lower than the Central and Highland regions. Research contributed importantly in finding the rules of geological distribution, groundwater at elevation topography, of great significance in the earth and environmental science.

Inconsistencies of Breast Cancer Risk Factors between the Northern and Southern Regions of Vietnam

Background:In recent decades the amount of new breast cancer cases in the southern region has been reported to increase more rapidly than in the northernVietnam. The aim of this study is to compare breast cancer risk factors between the two regions and establish if westernized influences have an impact on any reported differences.Method:Data was collected from the two largest oncology hospitals in the north and the south of Vietnam in 2015. Breast density, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle data of 127 cases and 269 controls were collected in the north and 141 cases and 250 controls were gathered from the south. Baseline differences in factors between cases and age-matched controls in each region were assessed using chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Odds ratios (OR) for independent risk factors for breast cancer were obtained from conditional logistic regression.Results:In northern Vietnam significantly increased risks in developing breast cancer were observed for women with age at first menstrual period less than 14 years old (OR=2.1; P<0.05), post-menopausal status (OR=2.6; P<0.0001), having less than 2 babies (OR=2.1; P<0.05). Southern Vietnamese women having a breast density of more than 75% (OR=2.1; P<0.01), experiencing post-menopause (OR=1.6; P<0.05), having a history of less than 3 pregnancies (OR=2.6; P<0.0001) and drinking more than a cup of coffee per day (OR=1.9; P<0.05) were more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer.Conclusion:We found that women living in the south had some breast cancer associations, such as increased mammographic density and coffee consumption, which are closer to the risks in westernized populations than women in the north.

An investigation into the tale values on the legends of Nguyen Anh (king Gia Long) in the southern region of Vietnam

An investigation into the tale values on the legends of Nguyen Anh (king Gia Long) in the southern region of Vietnam

Spectrum of Common α-Globin Deletion Mutations in the Southern Region of Vietnam

The common deletion mutations of α-globin genes in the Vietnamese population is not well known. Here we report the presence of five deletional mutations of Southeast Asia in the southern region of Vietnam. The – –SEA (NG_000006.1: g.26264_45564del19301) mutation is the most common type of deletion (87.35%), followed by the –α3.7 (rightward) (NG_000006.1: g.34164_37967del3804) deletion (9.64%), –α4.2 (leftward) (AF221717) deletion (2.41%) and – –THAI (NG_000006.1: g.10664_44164del33501) (0.6%) mutation in this region. The – –FIL (NG_000006.1: g.11684_43534del31581) mutation was not detected in this study. This result provided a view of the distribution of common α-globin gene mutations in Vietnam and could serve as a baseline for further investigations into these genetic defects.

The Situation of New Religious Studies in Vietnam

There is a prominent phenomenon in the religious life of Vietnam, which is the emergence of “new religions”. These phenomena have not only made the religious space of the nation more complex and multi-dimensional but also challenged stability and sustainable development within the religious communities in this key economic region. Having studied the new religious phenomenon in recent years, we have noted its progress and widespread characteristics within the ethnic communities. While it may appear that "new religion" is a simple and gentle concept and practice, it is in fact, intrinsically related to and has significant implications on the social life of the community members. However, there is a growing concern, considerable suspicion and anxiety with regards to its impacts on individuals, families, social and cultural traditions, beliefs and religions; many have opined that it is radically changing the peaceful cohabitation of diverse religious traditions, revealing a potential for conflicts across groups. Based on the religious reality of the Southern region of Vietnam, the Center for Religion Studies has implemented a project regarding new religions in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the problems faced by the religious policy in Vietnam. This article is an overview of the results of this project.

The types of marine economies and economic potentials of the shore areas of South Vietnam - a cultural ecology approach

We apply the theory of cultural ecology to understand the adaptation of fishing communities and residents to the natural ecology of the southern region (of Vietnam). Cultural ecology describes the process of adapting between the social environments of an individual community to surrounding natural environment. Through reproducing rational interpretations of natural ecological environments, humans select a series of production methods and forms of residence, establishing patterned behaviors interacting with the natural world. American anthropologist Julian H. Steward used this concept to explain the adaptive behavior of human cultures and their interactions with the natural environment. By applying this theory we can examine the types of marine economy and economic potential of the shores and the islands of the southern region of Vietnam. Regarding the typology of marine economy, our islands demonstrate a range of issues such as: Means of fishing and gathering seafood along the waters of the islands of the southern region of Vietnam Aquaculture. The salt production industry The production of handicrafts along the shore areas of the southern region of Vietnam The travel industry of the southern region of Vietnam From the perspective of maritime anthropology, there is a need to understand the relationship between marine environment and the survival of active populations, from which we have gathered a new desire for policies to facilitate sustainable development of fisheries for workers and local residents. The concept of ‘marine space’ is closely related to the concept and potential of sovereignty over marine resources. For fishermen, the existence of marine resources are also the source of survival. Therefore, the study of maritime peoples is crucial in the fostering of core concepts, as the current status of these populations demonstrates a lack of social awareness toward economic exploitation and the concept of environmental sustainability. Sustainable development of maritime crafts and environmental issues should be considered as development principles. Accordingly, the management of these sectors should have policies and measures for better management of marine resources to ensure the regeneration of the environment and ensure a more sustainable habitat for humans.

Vietnamese Students’ Perception and Loyalty towards an Image of Vocational Education and Training

Stakeholders’ perceptions towards a career in vocational education and training (VET) in Vietnam negate the country’s industrial development plan. During the last 15 years, the Vietnamese Governments investment in to the sector increased annually. However, parents and their children still pursue the goal of higher education via the mainstream rather than a career path way using the vocational education and training system. Although stereotypical views of vocational students are being challenged, Confucian ideology maintains some influence over stakeholders’ educational decisions leading to the sustained popularity of higher education. This study explores the perceptions of students on the image of and their loyalty towards vocational education and training. A sample of 300 lower secondary school, 300 upper secondary school, and 300 vocational students was drawn from across the Northern and Southern regions of Vietnam. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data and mean analysis conducted to explore the data. The findings indicate that agreement with statements about facilities and equipment, teacher’s ability, curriculum, and soft skills are the clearest indicators of enhanced perceptions about the image of vocational education and training. Encouragement from parents appears most influential to positively affecting lower secondary students’ loyalty. Unexpected was that vocational students had less interesting continuing in vocational education and training compared to lower and upper secondary school students inclination towards a career in VET. First-hand experience seemingly leads to diminished perceptions and loyalty towards vocational education.

Deaf Education Services in Southern Regions of Vietnam: A Survey of Teacher Perceptions and Recommendations

PurposeThis survey study explored teacher perceptions regarding services for children who are deaf or hard of hearing in southern regions of Vietnam, including educational successes and challenges, the availability and use of hearing technology, and teacher recommendations for improving child outcomes.MethodUsing a cross-sectional survey design, hard-copy surveys were sent to professionals who provided services to children with hearing loss ages 3–9. Ninety-eight surveys were distributed and seventy seven surveys were returned, resulting in a return rate of 79 per cent. Simple statistics were used to describe the quantitative survey results; content analysis was completed on open-ended survey comments.ResultsAccess to hearing aids and hearing aid repairs are substantial barriers for many families. Survey respondents expressed desire for more training in hearing technology and effective teaching strategies. Twenty-six per cent of children in preschool and kindergarten used listening and spoken language as their primary mode of communication compared with 7 per cent of children in first to fourth grade who used listening and spoken language.ConclusionsExpansion of early identification programmes beyond high-risk cases, with increased access to hearing technology and early intervention services from highly trained professionals were recommended to optimize listening and spoken language outcomes of children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Genetic Variation of Hippeastrum Accessions in Vietnam

The present study was conducted to clarify the distribution and genetic diversity of Hippeastrum accessions cultivated in Vietnam. Twenty–five Hippeastrum accessions collected from 17 provinces in the northern, central, and southern regions of Vietnam were included. Results of floral observation and RAPD analysis indicate that there are four distinct groups of Hippeastrum being grown in Vietnam. These include cam dại (H. puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze syn. H. equestre Herbert), đỏ dại (H. x ‘Johnsonii’), đỏ cam dại (H. striatum Lamarck), and the hybrid cultivars. In the RAPD analysis result, 25 primers produced a total of 230 distinct bands, of which 167 were polymorphic (about 72.6%). The number of polymorphisms per primer ranged from 1 to 13, and one primer did not reveal any polymorphisms. Our phylogeny indicated four separate groups, with dissimilarity values ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 according to the phylogeny based on RAPD results. Some variation was observed between northern, central, and southern H. puniceum populations. Extensive variation in flower color, shape, and size was detected among accessions of the hybrid group. While H. puniceum is the most widely distributed species from the northern to the southern regions, H. x ‘Johnsonii’ has been observed only in the northern region, but not in the central or southern regions, so the distribution of Hippeastrum within Vietnam might depend on adaptation to environmental conditions. Our results have distinguished the đỏ dại and the cam dại groups, although a single scientific name has been applied to both extant groups in Vietnam. The present study is the first report on the presence and distribution of, and genetic variation among Hippeastrum accessions grown in Vietnam, which will be valuable information for Hippeastrum breeding programs.

Current status of taeniasis and cysticercosis in Vietnam.

Several reports on taeniasis and cysticercosis in Vietnam show that they are distributed in over 50 of 63 provinces. In some endemic areas, the prevalence of taeniasis was 0.2-12.0% and that of cysticercosis was 1.0-7.2%. The major symptoms of taeniasis included fidgeted anus, proglottids moving out of the anus, and proglottids in the feces. Clinical manifestations of cysticercosis in humans included subcutaneous nodules, epileptic seizures, severe headach, impaired vision, and memory loss. The species identification of Taenia in Vietnam included Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium based on combined morphology and molecular methods. Only T. solium caused cysticercosis in humans. Praziquantel was chosen for treatment of taeniasis and albendazole for treatment of cysticercosis. The infection rate of cysticercus cellulosae in pigs was 0.04% at Hanoi slaughterhouses, 0.03-0.31% at provincial slaughterhouses in the north, and 0.9% in provincial slaughterhouses in the southern region of Vietnam. The infection rate of cysticercus bovis in cattle was 0.03-2.17% at Hanoi slaughterhouses. Risk factors investigated with regard to transmission of Taenia suggested that consumption of raw meat (eating raw meat 4.5-74.3%), inadequate or absent meat inspection and control, poor sanitation in some endemic areas, and use of untreated human waste as a fertilizer for crops may play important roles in Vietnam, although this remains to be validated.

The process of community construction and organization, and social management in southern Vietnam: advantages and challenges in integration context

Southern region of Vietnam is located in the crossroad of different cultures. Historical and ethnic process as well as cultural acculturation is diverse, multifaceted and complicated due to the presence of many ethnic groups in the area. Diversity in ethnic structure leads to cultural diversity which reflects all aspects of life such as economy and socio-culture of the peoples. Community construction and organization and social management in southern Vietnam go hand in hand with the process of land reclaimation, settlement establishment, and sovereignty claiming, expanding and practicing. Although the ethnic peoples migrated to the region at different times, they all equally contributed to the exploration and development of this highly potential region and to the constitution of “Van Minh Miet Vuon” – literally, the civilization of orchard regions. However, each ethnic group obviously has their own cultural traditions which, when combined together, create a mosaic culture of the whole region. Despite commonality in the process of community construction and organization and social management, distinctiveness of each group still exists. Contemporarily, when integration and development are considered both common aims and motivations, advantages of each cultural tradition should be explored while its limitations, at the same time, should be identified in order to overcome disadvantages for good. As a result, scientific conceptualization about the process of construction and development of the region obviously contributes to maintaining and reinforcing ethnic solidarity for the cause of national building and developing. This paper, based on research outcomes of previous studies and field data in southern region in recent years, presents the process of community construction and organization and social management, both historically and contemporarily. Also, the author aims at identifying advantages and challenges of traditional culture (in this case, traditional social structure) in the current integration process in the southern part of Vietnam.