Solid State Physics Research Articles

Editorial: Closing the collection in honor of E. I. Rashba and his fundamental contributions to solid-state physics

Editorial: Closing the collection in honor of E. I. Rashba and his fundamental contributions to solid-state physics

Theoretical Study on the Influence of the Anharmonic Effect on the Ionic Conductivity and Thermal Stability of 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Solid Electrolyte Material.

YSZ is a promising material for resistive memory devices due to its high concentration of oxygen vacancies, which provide the high anion migration rates crucial for the manifestation of resistance switching in metal oxides. Therefore, investigating the ionic conductivity of YSZ is an important issue. The ionic conductivity and thermal stability of 8 mol% YSZ were studied using the theories and methods of solid-state physics and physical chemistry. The impact of anomalous atomic vibrations on the material was also explored, and the variation in the ion vibration frequency, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability coefficient of electrical conductivity with temperature was obtained. The results show that the ion conductivity of an 8 mol% YSZ solid electrolyte increases nonlinearly with temperature, with a smaller increase at lower temperatures and a larger increase at higher temperatures. Considering the anharmonic effect of ion vibrations, the electrolyte conductivity is higher than the result of the harmonic approximation, and the anharmonic effect becomes more significant at higher temperatures. Our research fills the gap in the current literature regarding the theoretical non-harmonic exploration of the ion conductivity and thermal stability factor of YSZ solid electrolytes. These results provide valuable theoretical guidance for the development and application of high-performance YSZ resistive memory devices in high-temperature environments.

Materials for teaching the rotational motion of magnetically levitating bodies with a video camera

This study reports analysis of the rotational motion of magnetically levitated superconducting and diamagnetic bodies using video cameras for physics education. The analysis was possible without using special equipment such as a high-speed camera. In this case, the angular velocities of the superconducting and diamagnetic bodies showed linear and exponential decay with time, respectively. Such results can be used as an introduction to solid state physics and as a teaching material for elementary mechanics.

The effect of fluorine doping on the improvement of optical properties of lithium oxide

The field of optical properties encompasses a wide range of phenomena that offer insights into the interaction between light and matter. Understanding and manipulating these properties are essential for various technological applications, including optics, photonics, telecommunications, and advanced material design. In this research, the impact of fluorine doping on the optical properties of lithium oxide was explored using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. DFT is a widely employed computational method in materials science, solid-state physics, and quantum chemistry for studying the electronic structure and properties of materials. It provides an efficient approach to calculate optical properties, facilitating predictions without extensive experimental measurements. The study involves analyzing the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, as well as absorption, transmission, and reflection behaviors of the novel fluorine-doped lithium oxide configuration. The optical properties of both pristine and doped Li2O were examined, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the material's characteristics. The resulting spectra exhibited distinctive peaks and valleys, providing valuable insights into the material's energy levels and electronic structure. Doping lithium oxide with fluorine enhanced the absorption power from 140 to 190 in the UV range, making it a promising candidate for applications in optics, photonics, and UV light protection.

ДИЭЛЕКТРИКТЕРДІҢ ЭЛЕКТРЛІК БЕРІКТІГІ

Abstract. In human life, even in practice, solids play an important role. Metals, dielectrics, electrical engineering, semiconductors, electrons, magnets, conductors lying close to each other are all solids. It can be argued that the basis for the foundation of scientific and technological progress is a solid body. But in their study, not only practical activity mattered. For its subsystems of development, solid state physics has opened a scientific path to understanding the properties of importance. all materials used in engineering are divided into three groups: conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics. These materials differ in the magnitude of electrical resistance, the nature of its changes during heating and the type of conductivity.The electrical resistivity of the conductors is in the range of 10-6 + 10-3 oms • cm and is used as a material with a small intermediate electrical resistance for resistance elements, heating elements, contacts, etc. for conducting constant and rotational currents. Electrical resistivity of semiconductors 10-3+10+10 Om* is within cm and decreases when heated. They are used for rectification, amplification, conversion of various types of energy into electricity. Electrical resistivity of dielectrics 10+10+10+18 Oms* are within cm, they are used as insulators. The conductivity of solids is determined primarily by the electronic structure. In solids, as a result of the interaction of the electromagnetic field of atoms, energy electronic sublevels are classified with the formation of an energy zone [1]. With the transition to a higher energy, the width of the zone of permissible sublevels increases, and the zones intersect. When approaching the distance between atoms Forbidden energy zones even disappear. The density of the zones filled with electrons and their crosslinking determine the electrical conductivity of solids. Keywords: dielectric, composition, automation, electronics, radio engineering, aerospace, rocket, electrical, conductor.

A general finite element based non-local theory for the medium-long-range correlation of metallic glasses

Mean-field theory is extensively used in statistical physics, solid-state physics, and biophysics to compress a large number of interacting multi-body problems into an effective single-body problem, providing some insight into the system’s behavior at a lower computing cost. Nonetheless, the mean-field approximation always suppresses the non-local effects, hence obscuring the underlying mechanisms involving unit interactions between microscopic events, such as competition, co-evolution, and self-organized criticality. This paper presents a general, non-local mean-field approximation for the medium-long-range correlation of materials based on the finite element method, which has excellent compatibility and scalability with existing theories. It ties the evolution of a deformation unit to the status of other spatial domain elements, which is analogous to the fundamental principle of cellular automata. When applied to metallic glasses, the model demonstrates excellent spatial–temporal agreement between the shear band evolution measurements and simulation findings. Excitingly, the self-organized criticality of amorphous systems and the self-adaptive evolution mechanism of shear bands are realized in both two and three dimensions for the first time. Without restriction to amorphous systems, this work explores the application of mean-field theories to non-local phenomena. Future research into new mathematical types of medium-long range interaction is conceivable through multiscale simulation techniques.

Point-contact spectroscopy in the Centre of Low Temperature Physics Košice (Review article)

Point-contact spectroscopy offers a unique straightforward possibility to study the electronic properties of metals. Soon after the invention of this technique by Igor Yanson in the B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the NAS of Ukraine [Sov. Phys. JETP39, 506 (1974)], multiple laboratories adopted this technique and applied it to various topical problems in modern solid-state physics. Here, we offer a brief review of how point-contact spectroscopy has been developed and used in the Centre of Low Temperature Physics Košice. By this technique, we were able to obtain for example the spectrum of the electron-phonon interaction in an unprecedented large energy scale up to 160 meV in LaB6. The Zeeman splitting of the Pr3+ ion levels in the crystal-electric field has been detected for the first time in PrNi5. “Inverse” point-contact spectra of the electron-phonon interaction found in semimetallic arsenic were explained by the weak localization in the point-contact area. The point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy enabled to detect not only the superconducting energy gap in YB6, but also the Einstein-like phonon mode responsible for superconductivity. The first spectroscopic evidence of the two-gap superconductivity in MgB2 has been provided in our experiments. High spin polarization in Co2FeSn Heusler nanowires for spintronics has been obtained.

The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Flipped Classroom Learning Model to Improve Conceptual Understanding of Physics Teacher Candidates on Crystal Structure Material

The limited time allocation for lectures in the classroom is an obstacle to presenting student-centered learning. This is one of the factors that prospective physics teacher students experience conceptual difficulties, especially in crystal structure material. So the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the problem flipped classroom learning model on understanding the concepts of prospective physics teacher students on crystal structure material. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The subjects of this study were 16 students who took solid-state physics courses. Data analysis techniques were carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and pretest and posttest average difference tests. Then test the N-gain to see the increase in the pretest and posttest results and continue with the effect size test using the effect size. The instrument used was a test of mastery of the concept of crystal structure material. The results of the paired sample t-test analysis show that the Problem Based Flipped Classroom significantly influences learning outcomes with a t value of 11.439 with a significance of 0.000. Students' understanding of crystal structure material has increased with an N-Gain of 0.75, which is in the high category. This means that the pretest and posttest scores have a high increase. While the results of the effect size test obtained a score of d = 2.86, which means that learning with the Problem Based Flipped Classroom has a strong effect on student learning outcomes on crystal structure material.

Does photoinduced structural change by β-rhombohedral boron occur at room temperature?

β-rhombohedral boron (β-B) is an intriguing solid among the elements. The crystal structure of β-B is widely accepted as a complex structure based on the B12 clusters, and with a lot of intrinsic structural defects. In the last decade, β-B was proved to be the only elemental semiconductor that exhibits the self-compensation property accompanied by changing structural defects during atom doping. Moreover, it is reported that various physical properties of β-B change discontinuously around 550 K, which may originate from defect diffusion [S. Hoffmann and H. Werheit, Solid State Sciences 14, 1572 (2012)]. We previously reported that a volume expansion of about 1.5% takes place above this temperature (between 650 K and 850 K). On the other hand, this expanded structure is stable in dark conditions for more than 4.5 months. Light irradiation at room temperature reverses the volume back to the initial state, and a possible scenario will be discussed in this paper.

K.A. Müller and research on ferroic and polaronic materials

K.A. Müller mentored work outside IBM on Ferroic and Polaronic Materials already in the 1970s and showed a keen interest in any progress made in these fields afterwards. He supported particularly research of the ferroelastic materials SrTiO3 and LaAlO3. He was also fascinated by research into polaronic states of WO3 and their effect on ferroic properties in perovskite samples. This demonstrates that his activities were not restricted to superconductivity but extended more generally in solid-state sciences including the field of phase transitions and pattern formations in nanomaterials.

Coexisting hinge and vertical disclination states in a higher-order acoustic Dirac semimetal

The concept of crystalline disclinations in solid-state physics has gained attention in recent years, particularly with a focus on two-dimensional ${C}_{n}$-symmetric topological crystalline insulators. Research in this area has revealed novel topological phases different from the traditional bulk-boundary correspondence, expanding the topological material family. However, there remains a need to investigate the bulk-disclination correspondence in three-dimensional topological semimetals. We present an example of a higher-order Dirac semimetal in acoustic crystals with central disclinations. Our simple model not only exhibits hinge modes in the vertical direction but also supports a robust one-dimensional disclination hinge state along the central bulk-hollow path. Simulations demonstrate that our structure is capable of realizing backscatter-free disclination and higher-order hinge waves under the same architecture. Our findings offer insight for potential applications in acoustic devices for sound wave propagation and manipulation, as well as for exploring more exotic high-performance three-dimensional acoustic metamaterials.

Spin-Derived Electric Polarization and Chirality Density Inherent in Localized Electron Orbitals.

In solid state physics, any phase transition is commonly observed as a change in the microscopic distribution of charge, spin, or current. However, there is an exotic order parameter inherent in the localized electron orbitals that cannot be primarily captured by these three fundamental quantities. This order parameter is described as the electric toroidal multipoles connecting different total angular momenta under the spin-orbit coupling. The corresponding microscopic physical quantity is the spin current tensor on an atomic scale, which induces spin-derived electric polarization aligned circularly and the chirality density of the Dirac equation. Here, elucidating the nature of this exotic order parameter, we obtain the following general consequences that are not restricted to localized electron systems; chirality density is indispensable to unambiguously describe electronic states and it is a species of electric toroidal multipoles, just as the charge density is a species of electric multipoles. Furthermore, we derive the equation of continuity for chirality and discuss its relation to chiral anomaly and optical chirality. These findings link microscopic spin currents and chirality in the Dirac theory to the concept of multipoles and provide a new perspective for quantum states of matter.

Diffraction and microscopic studies on lithium sulfate doped l-Threonine under dynamic shock wave exposed conditions

Scientists of shock wave research have been continuously contributing with a great deal of significant effort so as to carry forward the tempo in achieving much more applications of shock waves in the branch of solid state sciences. In the present framework, the evaluation of the structural phase-stability and morphological stability of lithium sulfate doped l-Threonine powder samples have been performed under shock wave exposed conditions and the results have been evaluated by diffraction and microscopic techniques. Based on the observed crystallographical results, it is authenticated that the title specimen retains the original crystal system (P212121) with a few internal changes such as new peak appearance and disappearance of existing peaks that are observed due to the occurrence of micro-distortions and re-organization of hydrogen bond networks as well as rotational order-disorder of the lithium sulfate under shock loaded conditions. SEM micrographs clearly demonstrate the formation of cracks and breaking of particlesundershocked conditions.

Pressure effect of the charge density wave transition on Raman spectra and transport properties of 2H−NbSe2

Charge density wave (CDW) order is widely existing and fundamentally important in solid-state physics. However, several critical issues regarding the vibrational and electronic subsystems and their coupling still need to be better understood. Here, we tune the electrical transport and collective vibrational excitation, i.e., phonon and amplitude mode, by pressure in a prototype charge density wave material, $2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$. A complete pressure-temperature phase diagram is revisited. The anomaly in Hall and magnetoresistivity at CDW critical temperature, ${T}_{\mathrm{CDW}}$, was suppressed by the pressure. In the Raman spectroscopy measurements, the appearance of CDW amplitude mode is accompanied by the freezing of the two-phonon mode. The frequency of CDW amplitude mode under pressure follows modified mean-field theory with power-law scaling $(\ensuremath{\beta}=0.18)$. The renormalization of the Raman phonon across the CDW transition and the mean-field temperature dependence of CDW amplitude mode emphasized the importance of electron-phonon coupling in the formation of CDW state in $2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$. Our work clarifies the complex vibrational and electronic subsystems and sheds light on the mechanism of the charge density state in $2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$.

Non-Commutative Geometry and Cyclic Homology

The meeting displayed the cyclic theory as a fundamental mathematical tool with applications in diverse domains such as analysis, algebraic K-theory, algebraic geometry, arithmetic geometry, solid state physics and quantum field theory.

BONE REGENERATION AFTER IMPLANTATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENTS BASED ON METASTABLE TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE (IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Calcium phosphatCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a material used to fill bone defects. Its advantages include being able to fill irregularly shaped spaces, its similarity to bone tissue, and ease of biodegradation. However, insufficient durability and unpredictable rate of resorption limit CPC use. Objective. Study the dynamics of morphological changes in rat femurs after implanting two types of CPC based on metastable αʹ‒tricalcium phosphate(αʹ‒TCP) into defects in the distal metaphysis. Methods. 42 male white rats were used in the study. In each rat, defects were created in the distal metaphysis of the left femur and filled with one of the two types of CPC. The animals were split into two groups: І (n = 21) — CPC based on αʹ‒TCP powder; ІІ (n = 21) — CPС based on αʹ‒TCP powder reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) whiskers (4 % mass). Both varieties of CPC were developed and prepared at the Department of Solid-State Physics at the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukraine). 14, 30, and 60 days after the surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and histological analyses were performed. Results. For both types of CPC, inflammation was not observed in the region around the implant at 14, 30, or at 60 days. Bone tissue formed on the surface of the materials. The stages of bone repair were similar to the known stages of bone repair. As a result of the resorption of the CPC, 60 days after surgery the CPC comprised 26.83 % of the area of the defect in group I and 29.93 % in group II. The rest of the area was composed of lamellar bone. The two groups did not differ significantly in rate of CPC resorption or bone tissue formation. Conclusions. The two types of CPC studied, based on αʹ‒TCP (group I) and αʹ‒TCP reinforced with HA whiskers (group II), are biocompatible, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive. In addition, these materials are biodegradable and, with time, are replaced by bone tissue.

Dynamics of link formation in networks structured on the basis of predictive terms

Objectives. In order to model and analyze the information conductivity of complex networks having an irregular structure, it is possible to use percolation theory methods known in solid-state physics to quantify how close the given network is to a percolation transition, and thus to form a prediction model. Thus, the object of the study comprises international information networks structured on the basis of dictionaries of model predictive terms thematically related to cutting-edge information technologies.Methods. An algorithmic approach is applied to establish the sequence of combining the necessary operations for automated processing of textual information by the internal algorithms of specialized databases, software environments and shells providing for their integration during data transmission. This approach comprises the stages of constructing a terminological model of the subject area in the Scopus bibliographic database, then processing texts in natural language with the output of a visual map of the scientific landscape of the subject area in the VOSviewer program, and then collecting the extended data of parameters characterizing the dynamics of the formation of links of the scientific terminological network in the Pajek software environment.Results. Visual cluster analysis of the range of 645-3364 terms in the 2004-2021 dynamics of the memory and data storage technologies category, which are integrated into a total of 23 clusters, revealed active cluster formation in the field of the term quantum memory. On this basis, allowing qualitative conclusions are drawn concerning the local dynamics of the scientific landscape. The exploratory data analysis carried out in the STATISTICA software package indicates the correlation of the behavior of the introduced MADSTA keyword integrator with basic terms including periods of extremes, confirming the correctness of the choice of the methodology for detailing the study by year.Conclusions. A basis is established for the formation of a set of basic parameters required for an extensive computational modeling of a cluster formation in the semantic field of the scientific texts, especially in relation to simulations of the formation of the largest component of the network and percolation transitions.

Semiconductor Piezoresistance Prediction Model for Mechanical Sensor Design

This paper addresses semiconductor piezoresistive materials selection in MEMS engineering design. From the practical engineering point of view, it is important to understand piezoresistance properties of semiconductors even if less accuracy under feasibility design phase. However, piezoresistance is frequently analyzed based on first principle electronic band structure simulations by sophisticate physicists. Practical engineers not familiar with this simulation cannot directly apply useful information derived from the result of simulation. This paper provides practical prediction method for piezoresistance based on electronic band parameters obtained from the state-of-the-art solid-state physics. It is demonstrated that the crucial parameters which control the p-type shear piezoresistance coefficient π44 in diamond and zinc-blend single crystals are the inverse of square of bond length in unit cell atom, the square root of valence light hole mass, and the shear elastic compliance coefficient S44.

Department of Solid State Physics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University

Department of Solid State Physics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University

NUMERICAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL DENSITY BY THE METHOD OF FINITE DIFFERENCE GRIDS IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COMPACTION OF SUBSIBLE SOILS BY DEEP EXPLOSIONS

Link for citation: Tarasenko E.O. Numerical estimation of soil density by the method of finite difference grids in mathematical modeling of compaction of subsible soils by deep explosions. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.103-108. In Rus. Relevance. In order to ensure the duration of operation and strength of buildings and their expected design and construction on subsiding loess, it is necessary to carry out a numerical grade of the density characteristics of soils. Subsiding loesses are widespread in the world. They can be observed in Russia, China, the countries of Central Asia, etc. On the territory of Russia, their occurrence is noted at least at 17 % of the entire territory of the country. Almost ubiquitous distribution of loess soils occurs on the territory of the North Caucasus region (80–85 % of area). There is a large capacity of them (up to 50 m). This work is devoted to numerical modeling of the grade of density characteristics of subsiding soils using the finite difference grid method in the framework of a mathematical model of loess compaction by deep explosions. The use of the instrument of computational mathematics made it possible to solve the problem of estimating the compacted subsidence soil density depending on the depth of the explosive charge. The main aim of the research is to conduct a numerical assessment of soil density within the framework of mathematical modeling of compaction by the method of deep explosions of subsiding loess soils. Methods: application of the instrument of computational mathematics, differential equations, methods and results of solid state physics, engineering geology, soil mechanics. Experimental technique. Numerical modeling of the assessment of the increase in the compacted soil by deep explosions based on the grid method was carried out. Results. Based on the grid method using an explicit finite-difference scheme, discrete linear dynamic systems were constructed for numerical calculation of compacted subsidence soil density by deep explosions. The paper describs the layer-by-layer approximation to the solution of a differential equation in partial derivatives with given initial and boundary conditions, which mathematically describes the technological process of compaction of subsiding soil for the cases of surface ejection and camouflage compaction. The stability condition for the obtained finite-difference schemes is indicated. A computational experiment was carried out. It demonstrated the adequacy of the proposed method for estimating the compacted soil density to experimental data. Findings. The constructed numerical solutions of problems within the framework of mathematical modeling of the compaction of subsiding soils by deep explosions indicate the possibility of their practical application as calculation methods to reduce the cost of carrying out production work on the compaction of loess. The methods proposed in the work for determining soil density can be implemented in a number of areas of applied research in soil mechanics.