Social Behavior Research Articles

Antipsychotic drug-induced behavioral abnormalities in common carp: The potential involvement of the gut microbiota-brain axis

The effects of antipsychotic drugs on aquatic organisms have received widespread attention owing to their widespread use and continued release in aquatic environments. The toxicological effects of antipsychotics on aquatic organisms, particularly fish, are unexplored, and the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This study aimed to use common carp to explore the effects of antipsychotics (olanzapine [OLA] and risperidone [RIS]) on behavior and the potential mechanisms driving these effects. The fish were exposed to OLA (0.1 and 10 μg/L) and RIS (0.03 and 3 μg/L) for 60 days. Behavioral tests and neurological indicators showed that exposure to antipsychotics could cause behavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity in common carp. Further, 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed gut microbiota alteration and decreased relative abundance of some strains related to SCFA production after OLA and RIS exposure. Subsequently, a pseudo-sterile common carp model was successfully constructed, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from antipsychotic-exposed fish caused behavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity in pseudo-sterile fish. Further, SCFA supplementation demonstrated that SCFAs ameliorated the behavioral abnormalities and neurological damage caused by antipsychotic exposure. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the effects of antipsychotics on various complex behaviors (swimming performance and social behavior) in common carp, highlighting the potential health risks associated with antipsychotic drug-induced neurotoxicity in fish. Although these results do not fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of antipsychotic drugs on fish behavior, they serve as a valuable initial investigation and form the basis for future research.

Structural Relationships of Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation with Female Sexual Function: The Mediating Role of Sexually Dysfunctional Beliefs

Background: Sexual function is a critical aspect of human life, significantly impacting mental and physical health, social behavior, and quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships among sexual inhibition (SI), sexual excitation (SE), sexual dysfunctional beliefs, and female sexual function. Methods: Employing a descriptive correlational design, the study administered questionnaires to 402 female employees in the administrative departments of Tehran and Tabriz universities, utilizing convenience sampling. The instruments included the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Questionnaire (SISE-W), and Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire (SDBQ). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 and Lisrel version 8.8 software. Results: Our findings revealed that SE related to FSFI both directly (B = 0.29; P < 0.01) and through the mediating role of sexual dysfunction beliefs. However, SI did not exhibit a direct relationship with FSFI (B = -0.07; P > 0.05). Additionally, sexual dysfunction beliefs significantly predicted FSFI (B = -0.40; P < 0.01). The assumed model demonstrated good fit with the acquired data (CFI = 0.98, NFI = 0.96, RFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.08). Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that sexually dysfunctional beliefs play a mediating role in the correlation between inhibition, SE, and female sexual function.

The Impact of College Students' Interpersonal Relationships on Social Behavior: Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Empathy and the Moderating Effect of Self-esteem

The Impact of College Students' Interpersonal Relationships on Social Behavior: Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Empathy and the Moderating Effect of Self-esteem

Linguistic patterning of laughter in human-socialbot interactions

Laughter is a social behavior that conveys a variety of emotional states and is also intricately intertwined with linguistic communication. As people increasingly engage with voice-activated artificially intelligent (voice-AI) systems, an open question is how laughter patterns during spoken language interactions with technology. In Experiment 1, we collected a corpus of recorded short conversations (~10 min in length) between users (n = 76) and Amazon Alexa socialbots (a voice-AI interface designed to mimic human conversational interactions) and analyzed the interactional and pragmatic contexts in which laughter occurred. Laughter was coded for placement in the interaction relative to various speech acts, as well as for phonetic patterning such as duration and voicing. Our analyses reveal that laughter is most commonly found when the content of Alexa’s speech is considered inappropriate for the discourse context. Laughter in the corpus was also largely short in length and unvoiced– characteristics which are commonly associated with negative social valence. In Experiment 2, we found that a separate group of listeners did not distinguish between positive and negative laughter from our dataset, though we find that laughs rated as more positive are also rated as more excited and authentic. Overall, we discuss our findings for models of human-computer interaction and applications for the use of laughter in socialbot conversations.

Navigating the Digital Horizon: The Impact and Future of Communication Technologies in Society

The article delves deeper into the dynamic and rapidly evolving realm of digital communication technologies, highlighting their transformative impact across various dimensions of modern society. It scrutinizes the latest advancements in digital communication tools and platforms, assessing how these innovations are not only altering our fundamental methods of interaction but also redefining the paradigms of information exchange and processing. The study provides an in-depth analysis of five key domainssocial media dynamics, e-commerce evolution, mobile communication progression, online educational methodologies, and telemedicine advancements. Each of these domains is thoroughly examined through three distinct lenses, offering a nuanced perspective on their current state, challenges faced, and the potential trajectories they may follow. The article aims to furnish a holistic view of the digital communication landscape, contemplating its broader implications on social behavior, economic patterns, educational practices, healthcare delivery, and governance mechanisms. This comprehensive exploration is intended to offer readers a multifaceted understanding of how digital communication technologies are not just tools of convenience, but powerful forces shaping the future contours of our global society.

Episodic forgiveness in young American adults and its pathways to distress by health, outlook, spirituality, aggression, and social support

BackgroundForgiveness is one form of emotion-focused coping, and the positive effects of such a practice on mental well-being have been confirmed by numerous meta-analyses. The biopsychosocial model assumes that feeling burdened is determined by a number of physical, psychological, and social factors, suggesting a multidimensional relationship between forgiveness and distress. In this study, we tested a model according to which various sociopsychological variables (i.e., health, outlook, spirituality, aggression, and social support) mediate the negative association between episodic forgiveness (also known as state forgiveness) and distress.Participants and procedureWe tested the model on a cross-sectional sample of 436 young adults from the United States (62% of whom were women) using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsThe results of the overall model supported our indirect effects hypotheses. An analysis of specific indirect effects revealed that variables such as health, a negative outlook, aggressiveness, and social support play a special role in adaptation to stressful life events in forgiving individuals.ConclusionsThe relationship between episodic forgiveness and distress can be explained through complex sociopsychological mechanisms, including feelings of health, outlook, or social support, and attitudes, experiences, and behaviours related to these mechanisms can influence each other and collectively contribute to preventing or reducing perceived burden in young American adults.

Pelaksanaan Literasi Kewarganegaraan Siswa Di SMA Kabupaten Simeulue Dalam Era Globalisasi

This study examines the implementation of civic literacy in simeulue high school. It uses qualitative research methods to analyze social symptoms and behaviors in order to understand and improve student civic literacy. The study focuses on 5 civic education teachers as informants and collects data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results suggest that student civic literacy can be improved through the implementation of curriculum, including the design of lesson plans and the use of elaborative learning models. The professionalism of teachers also plays a vital role in enhancing civic literacy. Additionally, the study suggests that literacy corner activities at school can further enhance civic literacy. However, there are some challenges related to the implementation of student civic literacy at Simeulue high school.

Factors influencing positive psychological capital of dental hygiene students

Objectives: This study aimed to explore ways to improve the level of positive psychological capital of dental hygiene students. After comparing the levels of positive psychological capital, social support, and emotional regulation ability of dental hygiene students and identifying correlations, the sub-factors of social support and emotional regulation ability that affect positive psychological capital were identified. Methods: A survey of 70 questions was conducted targeting 310 dental hygiene students in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do. The results were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, oneway ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the PASW statistics 18.0 program. Results: The level of positive psychological capital was high when students had high grades and perceived positive relationships with professors and peers (p<0.001). Factors highly correlated with positive psychological capital include ‘self-emotional regulation ability’ among ‘emotion regulation abilities’ (r=0.665, p<0.001), and ‘emotional support related to daily life’ recognized ‘social support’ (r=0.635, p<0.001), followed by ‘social support’ (r=0.602, p<0.001). Factors affecting positive psychological capital include ‘self-emotion recognized ability’ (β=0.377, p<0.001), ‘quality of professor relationship’ (β=0.201, p<0.001), and ‘emotion control ability’. Among ‘social support’, ‘emotional support related to daily life’ (β=0.201, p=0.003) and ‘grades’ (β=0.159, p<0.001), and among ‘social support’, ‘social-related support’ (β=0.149, p=0.016), followed by ‘grade’ (β=0.076, p=0.043) were identified. Conclusions: To improve the positive psychological capital of dental hygiene students, efforts should be made to improve self-emotion regulation ability, professor relationships, emotional support related to daily life, and social support.

BOOK REVIEW: SOCIAL LEADERSHIP IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE: AN INTRODUCTION

Social leadership in early childhood education and care refers to the ability of educators to guide and promote positive social behaviors in young children, as well as create a supportive learning environment that fosters cooperation and empathy. It involves using a range of strategies and techniques to help children develop social skills, self-regulation, and emotional intelligence. Social leadership in early childhood education and care is an essential factor in supporting positive social and emotional development in young children in the UK. According to a study by Breslin and colleagues (2019), effective social leadership involves creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment, promoting positive social behaviors, and using evidence-based strategies to help children develop social skills and emotional intelligence. The study emphasizes the importance of social leadership in improving children’s academic and social outcomes, as well as their long-term well-being. Moreover, the research suggests that social leadership can be especially beneficial in supporting the development of children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Ideal Concept In The Implementation Of Legal Philosophy In The Perspective Of Sociological Jurisprudence In Indonesia

The philosophical thought of law in a new paradigm that identifies reason as the primary source of law, emphasizing rationality and humanism in the development of modern law. This emphasizes the inseparability of law from social life and the formation of legal values within communities, shaping norms that guide social behavior and reflect the essence of law. The discussion extends to studying indigenous communities, especially in Kalimantan, where customary law arises from experiential actions, recognized and regulated by the Indonesian constitution, acknowledging the existence of written and unwritten laws within the framework of customary law. The research method used is normative juridical with a conceptual approach based on these issues. The research findings indicate that the conception of legal philosophy studies related to Sociological Jurisprudence becomes important because it enables law to become an instrument that promotes social justice and equality, recognizing that law must reflect respected social values and be executed within society based on the thoughts of Hugo Grotius regarding justice, equality, and human rights, grounded in rationality and humanism, emphasizing the need to treat individuals with respect and consider the welfare of society. The implementation of Hugo Grotius's thought in Indonesia has made a significant contribution to a paradigm shift in legal construction, particularly related to Sociological Jurisprudence. Grotius emphasizes the importance of rational law that does not solely rely on dogma or religious beliefs. His views on justice based on reason and human rights as an integral part of natural law have shaped a modern legal perspective that prioritizes justice and equality. Grotius's thoughts are highly relevant, especially in efforts to build a fair legal system based on morality.

Legal Challenges of Cyber Bullying & Online Harassments - A Comparative Analysis

Legal Challenges of Cyber Bullying & Online Harassments - A Comparative Analysis

Exploring Urban Service Location Suitability: Mapping Social Behavior Dynamics with Space Syntax Theory

Assessing urban service locations is a key issue within city planning, integral to promoting the well-being of citizens, and ensuring effective urban development. However, many current approaches emphasize spatial analysis focused solely on physical attributes, neglecting the equally vital social dimensions essential for enhancing inhabitants’ comfort and quality of life. When social factors are considered, they tend to operate at smaller scales. This paper addresses this gap by prioritizing integrating social factors alongside spatial analysis at the community level. By employing space syntax theory, this study investigates urban service suitability in Hajjah, a Palestinian urban community, presenting a novel approach in the literature. The research identifies good spots for essential governmental facilities like health clinics and fire stations using axial map analysis. It also suggests reallocation for some schools. Additionally, it shows ways to improve the placement of community amenities, finding ideal park locations but suboptimal mosque placements. Commercial services also exhibit areas for enhancement including gas stations and shops. The insights from this research can offer policymakers and planners insights to create more efficient, equitable, and accessible cities. The research approach incorporates social behavior dynamics into spatial analysis, promoting inclusive urban planning.

Colon impairments and inflammation driven by an altered gut microbiota leads to social behavior deficits rescued by hyaluronic acid and celecoxib.

The exact mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and social behavior are still under investigation. We aimed to explore the role of the gut microbiota in shaping social behavior deficits using selectively bred mice possessing dominant (Dom) or submissive (Sub) behavior features. Sub mice exhibit asocial, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as systemic inflammation, all of which are shaped by their impaired gut microbiota composition. An age-dependent comparative analysis of the gut microbiota composition of Dom and Sub mice was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing, from early infancy to adulthood. Dom and Sub gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy, function, and immune profiling analyses were performed using histology, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, cytokine array, and dextran-FITC permeability assays. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels in the colons of Dom and Sub mice were quantified using targeted metabolomics. To support our findings, adult Sub mice were orally treatedwith hyaluronic acid (HA) (30 mg/kg) or with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib (16 mg/kg). We demonstrate that from early infancy the Sub mouse gut microbiota lacks essential bacteria for immune maturation, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. Furthermore, from birth, Sub mice possess a thicker colon mucin layer, and from early adulthood, they exhibit shorter colonic length, altered colon integrity with increased gut permeability, reduced SCFA levels and decreased regulatory T-cells, compared to Dom mice. Therapeutic intervention in adult Sub mice treated with HA, celecoxib, or both agents, rescued Sub mice phenotypes. HA treatment reduced Sub mouse gut permeability, increased colon length, and improved mouse social behavior deficits. Treatment with celecoxib increased sociability, reduced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and increased colon length, and a combined treatment resulted in similar effects as celecoxib administered as a single agent. Overall, our data suggest that treating colon inflammation and decreasing gut permeability can restore gut physiology and prevent social deficits later in life. These findings provide critical insights into the importance of early life gut microbiota in shaping gut immunity, functionality, and social behavior, and may be beneficial for the development of future therapeutic strategies.

Multi-kernel Learning Fusion Algorithm Based on RNN and GRU for ASD Diagnosis and Pathogenic Brain Region Extraction.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, severe disorder related to brain development. It impairs patient language communication and social behaviors. In recent years, ASD researches have focused on a single-modal neuroimaging data, neglecting the complementarity between multi-modal data. This omission may lead to poor classification. Therefore, it is important to study multi-modal data of ASD for revealing its pathogenesis. Furthermore, recurrent neural network (RNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are effective for sequence data processing. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for a Multi-Kernel Learning Fusion algorithm based on RNN and GRU (MKLF-RAG). The framework utilizes RNN and GRU to provide feature selection for data of different modalities. Then these features are fused by MKLF algorithm to detect the pathological mechanisms of ASD and extract the most relevant the Regions of Interest (ROIs) for the disease. The MKLF-RAG proposed in this paper has been tested in a variety of experiments with the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database. Experimental findings indicate that our framework notably enhances the classification accuracy for ASD. Compared with other methods, MKLF-RAG demonstrates superior efficacy across multiple evaluation metrics and could provide valuable insights into the early diagnosis of ASD.

Model of negative affect induced by withdrawal from acute and chronic morphine administration in male mice

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that is a major burden for the lives of affected individuals, and society as a whole. Opioid withdrawal is characterized by strong physical symptoms, along with signs of negative affect. Negative affect due to opioid withdrawal is a major obstacle to recovery and relapse prevention. The mechanisms behind negative affect due to either spontaneous or antagonist-precipitated opioid withdrawal are not well known, and more animal models need be developed. Here, we present behavioral models of negative affect upon naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in adult male mice. Social, anxiety, and despair-like deficits were investigated following naloxone administration in mice receiving morphine under three dosing regimens; acute, chronic constant dose and chronic escalating doses. Social behaviour in the three-chamber social preference test was decreased following withdrawal from chronic and escalating but not acute morphine. Anxiety-like behaviour in the open field was increased for all three treatments. Despair-like behaviour was increased following withdrawal from chronic and escalating but not acute morphine. Altogether, these animal models will contribute to study behavioural and neuronal circuitries involved in the several negative affective signs characterizing OUD.

Unraveling the impact of self-esteem on the utilization of Instagram filters: the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation.

The popularity of social media platforms, such as Instagram, has given rise to a surge in photo editing and filtering practices among users. Understanding the underlying psychological factors that drive individuals to employ filters is crucial in comprehending the impact of such behavior on self-perception and online interactions. This study aims to investigate the influence of self-esteem on the importance attributed to the use of Instagram filters, with a particular focus on the mediating role played by the fear of negative evaluation. A sample of participants (N = 2,657) from diverse demographic backgrounds has been recruited to complete a series of questionnaires measuring self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation, and Instagram filter usage patterns. Mediation analysis has been employed to assess the extent to which the fear of negative evaluation mediates the relationship between self-esteem and filter usage importance. In line with the hypotheses, the results revealed that participants self-esteem negatively predicted fear of negative evaluation, which in turn had a positive effect on use of filters. Furthermore, fear of negative evaluation fully mediated the relationship between self-esteem and use of filters. Overall, the implications of this research extend to both theoretical and practical domains. The findings can contribute to the existing literature on self-esteem, social media behavior, and body image by shedding light on the factors influencing digital self-presentation.

Analysis Of The Meaningfulness Of Lamang Siarang Traditional Food As A Typical Food Of Sariak Alahan Tigo, Solok District

This research is motivated by the fact that traditional cakes are rarely found because most people tend to like ready-to-eat food, especially in economic activities which are intended to increase the productivity of people's living standards. In the economic world, selling traditional cakes is less popular with the public. This has resulted in the lack of existence of traditional cakes among the public. The cause of the decline in the existence of traditional Indonesian cakes is the influence of globalization which makes traditional Indonesian cakes less popular compared to continental cakes and other than that, traditional cake makers are those who can be said to be elderly and quite a few young people are reluctant to participate in continuing to make traditional Indonesian cakes so that traditional cakes are hard to find. Like Lamang Siarang, it is very rarely known by the wider community because this traditional cake itself is only made on certain occasions and the manufacturing process is complicated and takes quite a long time. In this research, qualitative methods are used to reveal phenomena that occur based on natural facts, researching social life, behavior, function, organization, history and social movements, not controlled or manipulated conditions. The type of research used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation by going directly into the field to obtain data from research informants. After the data obtained was saturated, the research stopped to conduct research on the meaning contained in Lamang Siarang on special days such as weddings, the Prophet's birthday, the 100th anniversary of death, welcoming the holy month of Ramadan and major Islamic holidays.

How Consumer Photo Reviews and Online Platform Types Influence Luxury Hotel Booking Intentions Through Envy

When booking hotels, travelers often rely on content created by other consumers to inform their decisions. This study examines the effect of consumer-generated photos of luxury hotels, specifically those that emphasize the quality of one’s experiences versus the quality of the hotel’s facilities, as well as the type of platform through which such photos are shared, such as social media versus review websites. Drawing on the Social Comparison Theory, this study aims to understand how these factors influence a consumer’s booking intention and overall attitude toward hotels by examining the role of envy. An online experiment employing a 2 (photo content: experience-focused vs. facility-focused) × 2 (platform type: Instagram vs. Tripadvisor) between-subjects design was conducted with 275 American adults. Results showed that photo content significantly influenced the levels of envy among consumers. Specifically, experience-focused photos generated significantly higher levels of envy than did facility-focused photos. Furthermore, envy fully mediated the relationship between photo content and consumer attitudes and behaviors. Both interaction and moderated mediation were found between photo content and platform type. This research contributes to the Social Comparison Theory and the corresponding literature on envy, specifically in the context of luxury hotel marketing and social media consumer behavior. Additionally, it offers practical insights for hotel online review managers to consider, such as which types of photo content and photo sharing platforms to prioritize in order to enhance business value.

Autonomic and hedonic response to affective touch in autism spectrum disorder.

Interpersonal touch plays a crucial role in shaping relationships and encouraging social connections. Failure in processing tactile input or abnormal tactile sensitivity may hamper social behaviors and have severe consequences in individuals' relational lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by both sensory disruptions and social impairments, making affective touch an ideal meeting point for understanding these features in ASD individuals. By integrating behavioral and physiological measures, we investigated the effects of affective touch on adult individuals with ASD from both an implicit and explicit perspective. Specifically, at an implicit level, we investigated whether and how receiving an affective touch influenced participants' skin conductance tonic and phasic components. At the explicit level, we delved into the affective and unpleasant features of affective touch. Overall, we observed lower skin conductance level in ASD compared to TD subjects. Interestingly, the typically developing (TD) group showed an increased autonomic response for affective touch compared to a control touch, while ASD subjects' autonomic response did not differ between the two conditions. Furthermore, ASD participants provided higher ratings for both the affective and unpleasant components of the touch, compared to TD subjects. Our results reveal a noteworthy discrepancy in ASD population between the subjective experience, characterized by amplified hedonic but also unpleasant responses, and the physiological response, marked by a lack of autonomic activation related to affective touch. This insightful dissociation seems crucial for a deeper understanding of the distinctive challenges characterizing people with ASD and may have implications for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.

Daidzein ameliorates nonmotor symptoms of manganese-induced Parkinsonism in zebrafish model: Behavioural and biochemical approach.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Environmental factors, especially manganese (Mn), contribute significantly to PD. Existing therapies are focused on motor coordination, whereas nonmotor features such as neuropsychiatric symptoms are often neglected. Daidzein (DZ), a phytoestrogen, has piqued interest due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, we anticipate that DZ might be an effective drug to alleviate the nonmotor symptoms of Mn-induced Parkinsonism. Naïve zebrafish were exposed to 2mM of Mn for 21 days and intervened with DZ. Nonmotor symptoms such as anxiety, social behaviour, and olfactory function were assessed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant enzyme status were measured from brain tissue through biochemical assays. Dopamine levels and histology were performed to elucidate neuroprotective mechanism of DZ. DZ exhibited anxiolytic effects in a novel environment and also improved intra and inter fish social behaviour. DZ improved the olfactory function and response to amino acid stimuli in Mn-induced Parkinsonism. DZ reduced brain oxidative stress and AChE activity and prevented neuronal damage. DZ increased DA level in the brain, collectively contributing to neuroprotection. DZ demonstrated a promising effect on alleviating nonmotor symptoms such as anxiety and olfactory dysfunction, through the mitigation of cellular damage. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of DZ in addressing nonmotor neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals, particularly in the context of Mn-induced Parkinsonism.