ФЕНОМЕН АЛОЦЕНТРИЗМУ: У ФОКУСІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

Abstract

The article analyzes the multidimensional construct of allocentrism, which is understood as a way of thinking and cognition in which a person relies on an external reference system and puts other people, not himself, in the focus of attention. Various approaches to the study of allocentrism are analyzed, including neurobiological, psychological and socio-psychological studies. It is shown that allocentrism is not a homogeneous phenomenon, but manifests itself at different levels of the human psyche, from neural processes to social behavior. Three levels of study of this phenomenon are distinguished. At the psychophysiological level, the perception of space and orientation in it are studied; methods: encephalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging, virtual technologies. At the psychological level, the ability to take the position of another, to look at the world through their eyes is studied; methods: self-esteem scale, value questionnaires, projective methods for completing sentences, scenario stimuli. At the socio-psychological level, the ability of the individual to take into account the interests and needs of others is considered; methods: INDCOL scale, other individualism-collectivism scales. The complexity of defining and measuring allocentrism is emphasized, as it is closely intertwined with other psychological phenomena, such as decentering, collectivism, and empathy. Their common and distinctive characteristics are highlighted. Some methodological aspects of the study of allocentrism are considered, including the advantages and disadvantages of such methods as self-report questionnaires, experimental tasks, and neuroimaging. The need for more accurate and valid instruments to measure allocentrism at different levels, which will be useful in counseling and therapy, is emphasized. Key words: allocentrism, decentering, collectivism, empathy, neuropsychology, allocentric personality.