Adolescents In Situations Research Articles

PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL

O artigo discorre sobre alguns aspectos evidenciados por processos políticos quando da especificação dos direitos humanos fundamentais de crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo consistiu em demonstrar os desafios e as dificuldades para o usufruto desses direitos para aqueles que são vítimas de violência sexual. As pesquisas de campo desenvolvidas, por meio de entrevistas, reconheceram a atuação de redes intersetoriais de políticas públicas como alternativa para a restituição dos direitos violados. Os resultados das entrevistas com profissionais, em duas realidades municipais, demonstraram que o investimento na construção de redes intersetoriais, para que formulem respostas de atendimento pautadas em protocolos e fluxos de atendimentos compatíveis com as realidades locais, é um caminho consistente para a proteção dos direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual.

Accidental and Ambiguous Situations Reveal Specific Social Information Processing Biases and Deficits in Adolescents with Low Intellectual Level and Clinical Levels of Externalizing Behavior

Addressing aggression in youth requires understanding of the range of social problem situations that may lead to biased social information processing (SIP). The present study investigated situation-specificity of SIP and analyzed whether SIP deficits and biases are found in ambiguous as well as clearly accidental situations in adolescents with clinical levels of externalizing behavior or with low intellectual level, congruent with mild intellectual disability. Adolescents (N = 220, Mage = 15.21) completed a SIP test on a mobile app with six videos with ambiguous, hostile, and accidental social problems. Caretakers, teachers, and adolescents themselves reported on youth externalizing behavior problems. In accidental situations specifically, adolescents with low IQ scores more often attributed purposeful intent to perpetrators than peers with borderline or average IQ scores. In accidental situations, adolescents with clinical levels of externalizing behavior generated and selected more aggressive responses than nonclinical adolescents, regardless of their cognitive level. In line with previous literature, the ambiguous situations also brought out SIP differences between IQ groups. These results suggest that not only ambiguous situations should be considered informative for understanding SIP biases, but situations in which adolescents are clearly accidentally disadvantaged bring out SIP biases as well, that may lead to conflicts with others.

Factors affecting dental status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with bracket systems

Relevance . Today, orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in adolescence is quite common. However, this does not indicate the quality of the treatment, as insufficient hygiene of the mouth and fixed orthodontic appliances leads to a number of complications. Bracket systems have multiple retention points, due to which food debris accumulates in large quantities around locks, hooks, springs, arches and other elements used in fixed orthodontic structures and is poorly cleaned [1]. The existing increased risk of complications, such as superficial demineralization of enamel, which develops in middle, and then deep caries, inflammatory periodontal diseases, requires adequate preventive measures. Low hygienic culture and lack of motivation to care for medical equipment further complicate the dental situation in adolescents [2, 3]. Purpose . To study the dental status and factors influencing it in adolescents who are treating malocclusion with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and methods . The study involved 60 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, which were divided into 2 age groups 12-14 and 15-18 years. Surveys were conducted, during which the prevalence of caries and intensity were determined by the KPU index. We studied the indicators of the Green-Vermillion hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) (Green, Vermillion, 1964) and, based on the results obtained, we calculated the cleaning effect, enamel resistance test V.R. Okushko (1984) and remineralizing efficacy, papillary-marginal alveolar index (РМА, Schour, Massler, 1948), based on the obtained results of the РМА index, determined the anti-inflammatory efficacy, Ulitovsky Hygienic Knowledge Index and based on this index established the survival of hygienic knowledge in adolescents. Along with this, data were copied from outpatient records of dental patients, form 043 / y. Results . As a result of the study, digital indicators of the Green – Vermillion indexes in the groups and the parameter of the cleaning effect, which was equal to 51.04 ± 4.87% in the second group, were established. The values of the TER test in adolescents of the first group at the beginning of the survey were 3.00 ± 0.45, in the second – 4.00 ± 0.51. By the end of the study, the PMA index values in the two groups were 8.03 ± 1.12% and 23.95 ± 2.31% in the first and second groups, respectively (p < 0,05). The index of hygienic knowledge decreased by the 4th week to 4.30 ± 0.91 and 6.73 ± 1.68 in the first and second groups, respectively. Conclusions . The obtained results determine the need to improve the quality of dental health for this contingent, through dental education and improve hygiene procedures.

Symbiotic relationships in educational services for vulnerable adolescents

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and to what extent different forms of symbiotic relationships (named mutualism and collaboration) within a usage centre lead to different levels of value in use for its resource integrators. This study focusses on the educational services provided in deprived neighbourhoods to potentially vulnerable adolescents.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies a two-phase sequential exploratory mixed-method design. The first phase included a qualitative study that involved both the focal (the students) and peripheral resource integrators (the students’ parents) of a Brazilian educational institution that had exceptional results. The qualitative findings were used to build a comparative multi-group survey with four subgroups in which 530 peripheral resource integrators participated.FindingsA mutualistic educational institution in which the participation of students’ parents is mandatory creates more value in use than collaborative institutions in which parental participation is optional. In the context of educational services for vulnerable adolescents, value in use is echoed in the coexistence of families, greater caring about the students, and the encouragement from the adolescents’ positive beliefs about education and respectful relationships with others.Social implicationsInitiatives aimed at addressing social issues regarding children or adolescents in situations of vulnerability will achieve better results if their families are contemplated and involved.Originality/valueThis study is the first to empirically test Kleinaltenkampet al.’s usage centre framework (2017). In so doing, the study advances the understanding of how the interdependence of actors in the usage processes leads to value creation for vulnerable populations.

Relationship between personality traits and individual response to conflict situations in adolescents

The evaluation and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents has a long and rich tradition in the psychology and clinical psychiatry of the child. However, the use of longitudinal data to elucidate the evolution and outcome of these conditions, as well as their assessment and treatment, is less developed in the embryonic development stage. However, there have been interesting developments and significant progress has been made. The emergence of the field of developmental psychopathology in the last 10 years (Achenbach, 1982, Cicchetti, 1984; Rutter & Garmezy, 1983; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984), with emphasis on the continuity and discontinuity of the behavior between the embryonic phase, childhood, adolescence, is particularly welcome and timely, providing a good concern for the future. The identification of the dimensions of the personality structure is very important during the adolescence period, because during this period the correct development of the adolescents is based on stimulating several areas in close connection with their activity. A balanced teenager chooses activities that contribute to character development, self-confidence, socializing skills, identifying passions and making decisions. Behavior disorder can be defined as persistent disruptive behavior, in which the young person repeatedly violates the rights of others or the social norms corresponding to the age. It is often preceded by opposition and defiance in the early years and may become more skewed during adolescence. Symptoms include property damage, lying or theft, harassment, breaking rules and aggression against humans or animals. Adolescents with behavioral disorders often have concomitant disorders, such as depression, suicidal behavior, and poor relationships with peers and adults. Consequences include school problems, school expulsions, academic and professional failure and problems with the law. Parents and families need support to help ensure that young people do not get away from school, and that severely affected adolescents should turn to mental health professionals for assessment and care.

DISEASE REPRESENTATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COPING STYLES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TUMOURS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The investigation results of the disease representation and its relationship with the coping styles in adolescents (n = 43) with tumour of the musculoskeletal system are discussed. The data obtained before and after surgery for the removal of the musculoskeletal tumour were compared. The results expected in accordance with the hypothesis that estimates of physical and emotional states dominate in adolescents disease representations have not been confirmed. It is shown that disease representation correlates with the social support and coping resources (motivation for recovery) and practically does not include the characteristics of the child’s physical and emotional states. A comparison of the relationship between disease representation and coping styles in subgroups of adolescents with different levels of stress revealed the following differences: with a low level of stress, the motivation for recovery as the child’s internal resource is correlated with an active search for social support which at the stage after surgery, begins to be supported by different styles of coping behaviour – solving the problem and reference to others; intense experience of stress significantly limits the possibilities of a teenager which correlates its disease with the physical and emotional problems solved by passively waiting for help from loved ones. Own resources to cope with difficult life situations in adolescents with high levels of stress are not widely available.

Adolescents in situations of poverty: resilience and vulnerabilities to sexually transmitted infections.

To analyze the association between vulnerabilities to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/HIV/AIDS) of adolescents in poverty and their level of resilience. Cross-sectional study with 287 students between 11 and 17 years old in a school in the outskirts of Fortaleza-Ce. The study was conducted from August to October 2016. Three instruments related to characterization, vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience were used. The association between the instruments was calculated using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Association between vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience was assessed through the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. There was a significant association between the factors "housing" (p=0.022), "family income" (p=0.037) and vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS. Adolescents whose father has completed high school (p=0.043) have moderately high resilience. Adolescents with low socioeconomic status and who live on less than a minimum wage tends to be more susceptible to vulnerabilities to STIs/HIV/AIDS and to have low resilience.

Sociometric Status of Participants Involved in School Bullying

Abstract The situation of social vulnerability hinders the integration processes and thus can foster problems in interpersonal interactions in school. This study aimed to analyze the sociometric status and its relationships with sex, age and profiles of bullying participation in children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability. A total of 409 students between the third and seventh grades of two public elementary schools in Florianópolis-SC participated in this study. The positive status was higher for boys (M = 11.07; SD = 8.52) and adolescents (M = 11.46; SD = 8.19) compared to girls (M = 8.55; SD = 5.60) and children (M = 8.83; SD = 6.56). The aggressors’ positive status was higher, with significant difference, compared to victims and non-participants of bullying (p = 0.008). In the context of bullying, aggressors’ high status can collaborate to their use of violence in conflict resolution or to gain peer popularity.

Characterization of Adolescent Pregnancy and Legal Abortion in Situations Involving Incest or Sexual Violence by an Unknown Aggressor.

Background and Objectives: In pregnancies resulting from incest, the adolescent maintains close family and emotional relations with the aggressor, different from what occurs when pregnancy results from sexual violence by strangers. Evidence indicates that this type of relationship with the aggressor may interfere in the dynamics of such violence and the adolescent’s access to health services. Materials and Methods: The objective of this research was to describe and correlate aspects associated with pregnancy when resulting from rape of adolescents in situations of incest; rape when perpetrated by an unknown aggressor and an abortion as allowed by law was sought. Method: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study of adolescents treated at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, bringing an allegation of pregnancy, resulting from sexual violence and a request for abortion as allowed by law. A total of 311 adolescents, being 134 in the “pregnancy from incest group”, and 174 in the group “pregnancies resulting from rape by a stranger” were considered under the study variables; relationships were investigated using the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The study included 137 cases (44.1%) of pregnancy resulting from incest, and 174 cases (55.9%) of pregnancy from rape by a stranger. In cases of incest, a declaration of religion (92.0%) was significantly more frequent, and the adolescents were approached in spaces considered safe or private (92.7%); the aggressor taking advantage of the adolescent’s legal condition of vulnerability as a function of age (83.3%). Cases of incest presented a lower median adolescent age and greater gestational development, with gestations being ≥ 13 weeks prevailing. Conclusion: Cases of pregnancy by incest presented indicators suggesting both proximity and relationship with the aggressor, and pregnancy at a very early age, which postponed the adolescent’s procurement of health service, and interfered negatively with abortion assistance as allowed by law.

Menti migranti, menti adolescenti. Avanzare sul margine: dal trauma impensabile alle parole del dolore

Riassunto Vengono esaminati i nodi traumatici connessi alla migrazione e allo sradicamento soprattutto nelle situazioni adolescenziali. In particolare vengono analizzate le memorie traumatiche e le trasformazioni dei vissuti corporei nei transiti migratori. Infine una particolare attenzione è dedicata alle complesse dinamiche relazionali che si stabiliscono nei centri di accoglienza dove spesso gli operatori si ritrovano a ‘raccogliere’ nelle loro menti gli elementi traumatici insostenibili che i migranti portano con sé.

Proteção social de crianças e adolescentes: um olhar através da observação participante

This study aims to analyze the possible contributions of a Social Protection program, regarding social insertion and violence prevention, for children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability in the Vale dos Sinos region. It has an exploratory-descriptive design and qualitative methodology. It was concluded that the program presents possible contributions while an environment that gives voice to the subject, guarantees it’s a social and cultural expression, allows the acquisition of skills in a pleasurable way, self-confidence, and social belonging.

Предпосылки деформаций личностного ресурса в условиях семейного неблагополучия

The research was supported by RFBR (project No. 18-013-00029 A). The article discusses the actual problem of modern society – the problem youth's personal resource deformation. The gradual formation of a personal resource over the course of age development is noted. The preconditions for a personal resource in early, preschool, junior school, adolescence and adolescence are singled out. The main manifestations of the family crisis as a factor causing the emergence of deformations of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence are singled out. The phenomenon of family trouble is considered in its entirety, (in its open and hidden forms), including, in particular, both open and hidden social orphanhood. The specifics of the development of the "Image of Self", the emotional and motivational spheres of children and adolescents in situations of family troubles of various types are revealed. The dynamics of age indices of personal development during the transition from childhood to adolescence in the situation of family unhappiness has been studied. It has been established that the unfavorable family climate (emotional rejection of the child), which can cause distortions in the emotional sphere, the "Image of Self", communication with peers, is the key factor of deformation of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence. The main mechanism for the formation of deformations is the frustration of the child's basic need for acceptance and recognition.

El rap como herramienta educativa con menores en contextos de riesgo

Apparently, the risk of exclusion is a phenomenon that has to be perpetuated and reproduced from generation to generation. That from social intervention we have less positive results than we would like has to do with where we place the focus. We focus the programs on the visible effects of exclusion, leaving aside the psychosocial states that contribute so much to sustaining these situations. If we want to achieve our objectives as professionals of social intervention we have to find methodologies that from different disciplines allow people to improve these psychosocial factors. Art has been used for decades in social movements that start from below as a method of empowerment such as the theater of the oppressed of Augusto Boal, the batucadas or traditional dance groups. It is a musical genre with a lot of influence today, which is reflected in the proliferation of programs that have as central axis this musical style that on the other hand generates so much controversy. In this case we focus on the benefits of using rap as a method to work with adolescents in situations of exclusión.

Doutrina da Proteção Integral e o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes

Este estudo tem como objeto analisar a ação dos operadores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual em relação à Doutrina da Proteção Integral, tal como surge no processo judicial. Foram realizados estudo de caso instrumental e análise documental com o intuito de conhecer os procedimentos técnicos do processo, assim como a percepção dos operadores do direito em relação à família e ao autor da violência atendidos pela Justiça. Foi constatado que a atuação do judiciário se pauta na garantia estrita do pilar de defesa dos direitos da infância, dentro do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos, mas se configura como pouco disponível ao diálogo com a sociedade no que tange à convergência de suas ações às reais e concretas necessidades dos sujeitos, o que demanda uma maior compreensão e convergencia aos pilares da promoção/prevenção e controle social para que se possa observar a Doutrina da Proteção Integral e a Prioridade Absoluta da infância efetivamente instaurada nos processos de Justiça.Palavras-chave: doutrina da proteção integral, psicologia jurídica, direito da criança e do adolescente, estatuto da criança e do adolescente.

Social behaviour and social cognition in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): two sides of the same coin?

Of the triad of symptoms found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), that is, social impairments, communication difficulties and repetitive interests and behaviour, the social impairments are the most stable and common throughout the lifespan. They typically manifest themselves in abnormalities as reciprocal interactions and difficulties in the expression and recognition of emotions. Although peer interactions become especially important during adolescence, little is known about the mentalizing abilities of high-functioning adolescents with ASD. Here, we compared the mentalizing skills and emotion recognition abilities of 21 high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 21 matched controls. All adolescents had estimated above-average verbal intelligence levels. Spontaneous social abilities and task-related social abilities were measured using questionnaires, tasks and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results confirm social impairment in daily life situations in adolescents with ASD, but were not found on experimental tasks of social cognition. The use of more explicit cognitive or verbally mediating reasoning techniques and a lesser tendency of high-functioning adolescents with ASD to search for and use social information in natural environments are further discussed.

La recrianza humanizada: Un giro a las relaciones de poder y al paradigma adultocéntrico en las instituciones de protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes en situación de vulneración de derechos

This reflection is based on the notes recorded in a field journal and its objective is to systematize the experience acquired as an educator in the Diagnostic and Derivation Center, operated by the University of Antioquia through the Grow with Dignity Project (Zuluaga, 2015-2016), attached to the Unit of Childhood, in the City of Medellín, Colombia, whose purpose is the immediate protection of children and adolescents in situations of violation of rights. We will analyze, here, the power relations that are established within the adult-centered paradigm; we will reveal the genesis of child abuse in these relations, and we will see how these normalized practices in the upbringing of children by their families of origin permeate the protection institutions that have been created to accomplish processes of restoration of rights. When unequal power relationships are instituted and legitimated within the family, the hegemony of adults over childhood is consolidated, and the latter ends up being objectified, like this normalizing their abuse. These relational paradigms are also susceptible to reproduction in educational institutions, including those aimed at the protection of children in situations of violation of rights. We will suggest a proposal called humanized reeducation, which is indicated for group leadership in protection institutions, a task entrusted to educators.

Adolescent health promotion based on community-centered arts education.

To evaluate the contribution of arts education to health promotion of adolescents in situations of urban social vulnerability. Participatory evaluative research, with a qualitative approach, using as a reference the theoretical constructs of Paulo Freire's Conscientization and the Empowerment Evaluation as a method of collecting with adolescents and teachers of an arts education program in the field of the Family Health Strategy. Participants constructed a collective mission that represented the concept of adolescent health promotion. Arts education activities were prioritized and ranked with a mission focus, and over a three-month period, the program implemented health goals through art. In the reevaluation, the group presented a broad look at the implementation of activities and self-determination for change. Arts education is a potential space for nurses to act in the conscientization and empowerment of adolescent health in Primary Health Care.

The familiar relationship of adolescents in situation of social vulnerability

Introduction: Adolescence is a stage of human development marked by intense transformations, causing vulnerability to mental health issues in many adolescents. One of the risk factors for this to happen is the familiar relationship in which the adolescent is inserted. Objective: In face of this, the study aimed to study the familiar relationship of adolescents in situation of social vulnerability. Metodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, with quantitative analysis of data. 21 adolescents, from both sexes, from 10 to 16 years were part of the study. Results and Discussion: Data was collected through a socioeconomic questionnaire, the Escala de Exigencia e Responsividade, known as Ecomapa. Results showed that the adolescents boys hold a strong relationship with their parents, the girls, had the opposite response, relating a greater effort from themselves to the relationship. The girls showed a higher level of exigence, while the boys showed responsiveness. Conclusion: The predominant parental model was the negligent, revealing the necessity of a greater investment from parents for their children, with dialogic approach, stimulating autonomy and interactivity.

The problem of developing the experience of self-determination of adolescents in the process of socialization

The article continues a series of author’s publications on the formation of personal socio-cultural experience of children and adolescents in the process of education and socialization, which determines the formation of the teenager’s personal position. We consider one of the types of personal socio-cultural experience of adolescents, namely the experience of behavior in situations of choice, making independent decisions, which is crucial in preparing students for life self-determination in all its aspects. The conditions created in the educational organizations for realization by teenagers of independent choice, an opportunity of acceptance by teenagers of independent decisions are studied. The results of the analysis of school documentation and teachers’ views on the significance of the experience of self-determination of adolescents, typical situations of uncertainty, are based on the results of the survey. A conclusion is drawn on the need to design a space for self-determination of adolescents in an educational organization and to implement technologies for the pedagogical support of adolescents in situations of choice.

Dilema ético: enfermería y uso de psicofármacos en niños, niñas y adolescentes en el servicio nacional de menores

Objective: Reflect about Nursing and the use of psychoactive drugs in children and adolescents in situations of violation of rights and / or criminal situation, who are in the care of the Servicio Nacional de Menores, in the context of deaths in recent years. Methodology: Analytical-synthetic method; Bibliographical review, comprehensive reading, personal reflection and definition of concepts. Results: There are described the current situation of mental health of children and adolescents, the relationship with the Social Determinants of Health and related ethical perspectives for conflict resolution. Conclusions: The use of psychosocial interventions as the first line of treatment is considered in the reflection, besides the fact that the use of psychoactive drugs, if necessary, should be administered and supervised by professionals according to current regulations.