Social Conflict Situations Research Articles

Manipulations of Public Consciousness in the Environmental Conflict on Kushtau

ABSTRACT The article describes the results of research on the civic protest in the Republic of Bashkortostan against the destruction of the limestone mountain top [shihan] at Kushtau, a world geological heritage site. The subject of the research is the manipulations of public consciousness during the environmental conflict and how they were overcome. The research is based on the theory of manipulation of public consciousness, which explains the achievement of a certain level of consent in society, as well as passive behavior in a situation of social conflict, through the use of manipulative methods in information policy. Diverse channels for the dissemination of information on the topic of Kushtau are analyzed by the author, identifying the application of manipulative methods. Materials in the mass information media and other information sources were analyzed to determine to what extent the images of the situation offered by various actors corresponded to the real state of affairs. The methods of the manipulations are systematized. Analysis includes data from in-depth interviews, which allowed determination of the level of awareness of persons who had originally come from Bashkortostan and were currently residing in other Russian regions about the problem of the industrial development of the Kushtau shihan. The civic movement in defense of Kushtau is examined to show how it overcame manipulative influences, which led to a decision by the authorities on saving the mountain and providing it with state protection.

La década prodigiosa de Regina Lamo: su compromiso con el cooperativismo obrero en la Cataluña de los años veinte

Este trabajo pretende articular la construcción del personaje de Regina Lamo, hasta ahora presentado como sub­alterno a otras vidas que han alcanzado más relevancia históri­ca que ella. Entre otros activismos, Lamo se convirtió en líder de opinión y en creadora de escuela en el terreno del coopera­tivismo como forma más eficaz de lucha contra la explotación del movimiento obrero en las primeras décadas del siglo XX en España. La grave situación de conflicto social vivido en esas primeras décadas del siglo en el contexto de la modernización de España, y en particular en Cataluña, junto con el auge del movimiento obrero, provocó una fuerte represión de la princi­pal fuerza, el anarcosindicalismo. Se abrió así un espacio para los mutualistas que buscaban un desgaste gradual y pacífico del capitalismo y que estaban a favor de la economía social, frente a los bakuninistas, proclives a la lucha militante, la huelga ge­neral y la insurrección. En este marco, Regina Lamo perfila su compromiso con una original propuesta de creación de Bancos Populares de Crédito que singularizó su figura y la convirtió en un personaje relevante, transgresora de los límites de género, que hoy tratamos de reivindicar.

Ocena poznawcza konfliktu i emocjonalny wymiar strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego

<p>Celem badań było poznanie zależności pomiędzy oceną poznawczą konfliktu i emocjonalnym odzwierciedleniem znaczenia tej sytuacji oraz przebiegu własnych działań a występowaniem destruktywnej (agresji, uniku, uległości) i konstruktywnej (zadaniowej) strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. W badaniach posłużono się Kwestionariuszem Oceny Stresu (KOS) Włodarczyk i Wrześniewskiego, Trójczynnikowym Inwentarzem Stanów i Cech Osobowości (TISCO) Spielbergera i Wrześniewskiego oraz Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSMK) Boreckiej-Biernat. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewczynek i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13–15 lat. Analiza wyników badań wskazuje, że ocena sytuacji konfliktu w kategorii zagrożenia lub krzywdy/straty oraz reagowanie na nią gniewem lub lękiem współwystępuje z tendencją do destruktywnego reagowania młodzieży na konflikt. Ponadto badania wykazały, że adolescent, który znalazł się w sytuacji konfliktu, nieoceniający tej sytuacji w kategorii krzywda/strata i reagujący na nią ciekawością, skorzysta ze strategii konstruktywnej, aby poradzić sobie z tą sytuacją.</p>

Strategie radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego – implikacje teoretyczne

A young person who creates and implements certain life plans is exposed to situations of conflict related to school, contacts with peers and family relationships. For such a person, a conflict taking place in these three social spheres is an everyday, inevitable, and even natural situation. For some young people, conflicts with teachers, peers and parents constitute an important source of strong negative emotional stimulation and personal danger. There is no doubt that threats cause a lot of behaviours in a person, which are messages that describe a situation this person is currently in and whether it has the features of a difficult situation or not. Some young people, in the face of a dispute at school, in relationships with peers or at home, adopt destructive strategies in the form of an aggressive reaction to a conflict, avoiding active coping in the face of a conflict by engaging in other stress-free forms of activity or giving in to a conflict. However, there are also young people who cope with a social conflict situation well, treat a conflict as a challenge for themselves, which prompts them to mobilize their resources in order to overcome obstacles that prevent them from meeting their needs.

Social interaction and conceptual change pave the way away from children\u2019s misconceptions about the Earth

Throughout development, children undergo moments of abrupt conceptual transitions, often replacing intuitive knowledge with grounded scientific theories. This typically also creates a situation of social conflict, as different children may hold at the same time substantially different theories and explanations about the same phenomenon. The main objective of this work is to understand whether social interaction and exchange of arguments and reasoning may be a catalyzer for conceptual development. Dyads of 7-year-old children with different conceptual understanding of the Earth were asked to reach a consensus about its astronomic and geometric properties. Our results show that mere minutes of deliberation can result in substantial changes in children’s conceptual representations, and moreover, that this transition was consistently in the direction of reasoned and scientific opinions. These results provide empirical evidence and suggest specific ways in which peer interaction can be used effectively to promote conceptual change in school settings, in a knowledge domain at the center of this era’s post truth and science denial crisis.

Evaluating an automated mediator for joint narratives in a conflict situation

ABSTRACT Joint narratives are often used in the context of reconciliation interventions for people in social conflict situations, which arise, for example, due to ethnic or religious differences. The interventions aim to encourage a change in attitudes of the participants towards each other. Typically, a human mediator is fundamental for achieving a successful intervention. In this work, we present an automated approach to support remote interactions between pairs of participants as they contribute to a shared story in their own language. A key component is an automated cognitive tutor that guides the participants through a controlled escalation/de-escalation process during the development of a joint narrative. We performed a controlled study comparing a trained human mediator to the automated mediator. The results demonstrate that an automated mediator, although simple at this stage, effectively supports interactions and helps to achieve positive outcomes comparable to those attained by the trained human mediator.

Formação docente e práticas pedagógicas multiculturais críticas

O trabalho objetiva compreender como se constituiu a formação docente de professoras da educação básica estadunidense para o desenvolvimento de posturas e práticas multiculturais no ambiente escolar. Com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, mediante entrevista individual semiestruturada, a investigação foi realizada com três professoras da educação básica e uma docente universitária que atuam na perspectiva de educação multicultural crítica na cidade de Nova Iorque. A análise das narrativas demonstra que as histórias de vida das professoras foram marcadas por vivências em situações de conflito social e experiências de exclusão cultural e educacional, especialmente, em relação à diversidade étnico-racial. Essasvivências foram determinantespara abusca da formação e atuação profissional docente dentro de uma concepção de educação multicultural. A formação nessa perspectiva se mostrou relevante para a adoção de práticas educativas inclusivas, no entanto foram as experiências de exclusão que motivaram o compromisso das professoras com a educação multicultural crítica.

Archival practices in Early Modern Spain: transformation, destruction and (re)construction of family archives in the Canary Islands

ABSTRACTThe Canary Islands were conquered from the aboriginal population and colonised in the fifteenth century. This process subjected its inhabitants to the Castilian legal framework, in which evidence of ownership was demanded through documentary proof. Archives, therefore, proliferated in the new territory as a necessity to demonstrate, prove and preserve privileges and patrimony. At the same time, the ‘value’ of archives made them targets for destruction, theft or seizure in situations of social, political, military and family conflict. Moreover, Canary Island archives were affected by natural causes and natural disasters. Within this context, the present paper focuses on the transformations caused by these factors in family archives. The paper aims to explain how, in cases of damage or destruction, families struggled to reconstruct their archives in order to manage and defend their patrimony and family memory. Drawing on different examples, this paper offers empirical evidence on the multicontextualism of these archives. The results demonstrate that several family archives in the Canary Islands are (re)constructions from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Moreover, the archival practices can be framed within a progressive inclusion in the islands of the ‘New Archive Culture’ from mainland Spain.

Dialogismo y dialógicas en trabajadores gubernamentales en Boyacá, en el marco de los Acuerdos de Paz en Colombia

El presente trabajo expone las relaciones entre el concepto de dialógica y las posturas de trabajadores gubernamentales del departamento de Boyacá, que participaron entre noviembre y diciembre de 2017, en un diplomado dedicado a la sensibilización del contexto de transición hacia la paz. Los resultados derivan de la práctica de la investigación acción realizada por los coordinadores del diplomado. Los hallazgos proceden de la fase de construcción de una postura colectiva, ejercicio para simular un proceso de deliberación y participación pública. Destacaron los siguientes temas en la toma de postura: principios y valores familiares, valoración del trabajo colectivo, relaciones de diálogo y comunicación, participación democrática, solidaridad y ejercicio libre de pensamiento y expresión. Se concluye que este ejercicio promueve el análisis de las condiciones paradójicas en que los servidores públicos representan su participación ética, en situaciones de conflictividad social y democrática, favoreciendo su inclusión con agentes de cambio.

City planning parameters of public hearings project

Public hearings are one of the most important parts of urban management process that provide citizens involvement in development of urban territories. The article devotes to the question of evaluation of the Project that will be discussed on public hearings. Authors offer the method of evaluation of the sustainability of the Project in accordance with main principles of Sustainable urban design conception. The main aim is to make effective urban planning decision that will provide both interests of investors and citizens on the issue of realization of an urban project. The implementation of the developed method is directed on increasing the quality of urban environment, solving social conflict situations, and improving the urban management system.

Adolescents in the Face of a Social Conflict Situation. The Analysis of Determinants of Destructive Coping Strategies

Mlodziez w obliczu sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego. Analiza uwarunkowan destruktywnych strategii radzenia sobie. Streszczenie. Celem badan bylo ustalenie osobowościowych i rodzinnych uwarunkowan destruktywnych (agresja, unik, uleglośc) strategii radzenia sobie mlodziezy w sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego. W badaniach posluzono sie Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie mlodziezy w sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego (KSMK) D.Boreckiej-Biernat, Kwestionariuszem Oceny Stresu (KOS) D.Wlodarczyk, K.Wrześniewskiego, Trojczynnikowym Inwentarzem Stanow i Cech Osobowości (TISCO) C.Spielbergera, K.Wrześniewskiego i Skalą Postaw Rodzicielskich (SPR) M.Plopy oraz Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie rodzicow w sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego w percepcji dziecka (SRwSK) D.Boreckiej-Biernat. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkolach gimnazjalnych we Wroclawiu i okolicznych miejscowościach. Objely one 893 adolescentow (468 dziewczynek i 425 chlopcow) w wieku 13-15 lat. W świetle przeprowadzonych badan stwierdzono, ze ocena sytuacji konfliktu jako zagrozenie i krzywda/strata oraz przezywanie emocji negatywnych (gniew, lek) w sytuacji stwarzającej zagrozenie realizacji osobistych zamierzen wspolwystepuje z destruktywnym sposobem reagowania mlodziezy na napiecie emocjonalne w sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego. Ponadto analiza wynikow badan wskazala, ze destruktywny sposob reagowania adolescentow na napiecie emocjonalne w sytuacji konfliktu spolecznego ksztaltują nieprawidlowe postawy wychowawcze charakteryzujące sie uczuciowym dystansem rodzica w stosunku do dorastającego dziecka, stawianiem mu wygorowanych wymagan i przesadnym angazowaniem sie we wszystkie jego sprawy oraz destruktywny wzor reagowania rodzicow na konflikt.

The role of emotional reactions and retrospective assessment of parental attitudes in controlling destructive strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by junior high school students

BackgroundThe purpose of our study was to search for the emotional and family aetiology of destructive strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents.Participants and procedureThe questionnaire (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat to study the strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents, the Three-Factor State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (TISCO) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski, as well as the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Plopa were applied in the research. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and neighbouring towns. It covered 493 adolescents (269 girls and 224 boys) aged 13-15 years.ResultsAccording to the results of this study, interpersonal competence predicts perceived social support and self-esteem, and perceived social support predicts self-esteem. Perceived social support, which is the main focus of the research, plays a partial mediation role in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem.ConclusionsThe research result analysis revealed an interesting finding, i.e. few negative emotions and parental upbringing attitudes differentiated adolescents who applied aggression strategies from the ones who used strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation. This means that adolescents who use strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation are relatively homogeneous in the scope of the emotional and family variables researched.

Aggressive coping strategy in situations of social conflict. an attempt to determine personality predictors

Aggressive coping strategy in situations of social conflict. an attempt to determine personality predictors

LA ESTABILIDAD POLÍTICA EN BOLIVIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA DEMANDA MARÍTIMA

A través de este artículo se estudia la relación entre la crisis interna boliviana y las ofensivas del Presidente de Bolivia en contra de Chile por la demanda marítima, con el propósito de comprobar la existencia de una causalidad entre ambos. Por un lado, al analizar los sucesivos cambios institucionales a nivel político y económico, entendidos como factores que afectan la estabilidad interna boliviana, se vuelve imposible cualquier análisis que utilice un mismo criterio para justifi car los desencuentros que Bolivia y Chile han tenido en las últimas tres décadas por el tema marítimo.Por otro, la evidencia empírica que hay respecto a los índices de popularidad presidencial y de conflictividad social en Bolivia demuestra que ambos indicadores no se condicen siempre con las ofensivas bolivianas en contra de Chile por la cuestión marítima.

Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw rolnych nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą w warunkach konkurencji i globalizacji

W opracowaniu przedstawiono ekonomiczne, społeczne, środowiskowe i administracyjne uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw rolnych, głównie z chowem trzody chlewnej i bydła. Wskazano czynniki ekonomiczne i organizacyjne skłaniające przedsiębiorstwa rolne do zwiększania skali produkcji. Czynniki ekonomiczne związane są z szybszym tempem wzrostu kosztów pracy w gospodarce narodowej i cen środków produkcji rolniczej od cen zbytu produktów rolnych. Czynniki organizacyjne wiążą się z rosnącymi wymogami przedsiębiorstw handlu i przetwórstwa rolnego w zakresie wielkości, jakości i terminowości dostaw. Wzrost skali produkcji w gospodarstwach może prowadzić do nadmiernego obciążenia środowiska i wzrostu uciążliwości z powodu odorów dla ludności na terenach wiejskich i w efekcie do sytuacji konfliktowych na tle społecznym. Ponadto występują bariery administracyjne utrudniające realizację inwestycji budowlanych związanych z rozwojem produkcji zwierzęcej.

The Role of Indian Caste Identity and Caste Inconsistent Norms on Status Representation.

The Indian caste system is a complex social structure wherein social roles like one’s profession became ‘hereditary,’ resulting in restricted social mobility and fixed status hierarchies. Furthermore, we argue that the inherent property of caste heightens group identification with one’s caste. Highly identified group members would protect the identity of the group in situations when group norms are violated. In this paper, we were interested in examining the consequence of caste norm violation and how an individual’s status is mentally represented. High caste norms are associated with moral values while the lower caste norms are associated with immorality. We predicted a ‘black sheep effect,’ that is, when high caste individuals’ group identity (caste norm violation condition) is threatened their salient high caste identity would increase, thereby resulting in devaluing the status of their fellow in-group member if the latter is perceived as perpetrator. We presented participants with a social conflict situation of a victim and a perpetrator that is ‘Caste norm consistent’ (Lower caste individual as a perpetrator and higher caste individual as a victim) and vice versa ‘Caste norm inconsistent’ condition (higher caste individual as perpetrator and lower caste individual as a victim). Then, participants had to choose from nine pictorial depictions representing the protagonists in the story on a vertical line, with varying degrees of status distance. Results showed evidence for the black sheep effect and, furthermore, revealed that no other identity (religious, national, and regional) resulted in devaluing the status of fellow in-group member. These results help us understand the ‘black sheep’ effect in the context of moral norms and status representation and are discussed in the framework of the Indian society.

Educación y empoderamiento de personas en situación de exclusión social

Objetivos. Sistematizar un modelo de intervención socioeducativa, a partir del análisis y evaluación de dos programas de intervención terapéutica/educativa, dirigidos al sector de personas adultas en situación de exclusión y conflicto social, desde los principios y metodologías de la Pedagogía Social Comunitaria. Metodología. Investigación evaluativa de tipo participativo, en el que se ha evaluado la eficiencia de los procesos de empoderamiento de los internos y de las personas usuarias en el marco del modelo de pedagogía social comunitaria. Han participado un total de 409 agentes de los dos programas evaluados. Las técnicas de investigación cualitativa utilizadas han sido: grupos de discusión; entrevistas en profundidad y relatos de vida. Y las técnicas de investigación cuantitativas han sido: cuestionarios administrados a personas usuarias y a profesionales. Resultados. Tras analizar la información sobre las dos experiencias en relación a la PSC, hemos encontrado un conjunto de características comunes que hacen referencia al proceso de empoderamiento que se da en sus destinatarios. Hemos clasificado los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio en tres ejes: objetivos del empoderamiento, métodos para su desarrollo y agentes. Conclusiones. Los datos del estudio presentado nos permiten afirmar los siguientes aspectos: A) La importancia del trabajo terapéutico y de las acciones formativas que facilitan a los participantes capacitarse y fortalecerse como personas, adquiriendo habilidades, conocimientos, etc., que les permiten desarrollar su vida una vez finalizan los programas; B) Los procesos individuales de concienciación de las dificultades, como elemento que garantiza la posibilidad de cambio; C) Un modelo de acompañamiento educativo y psicosocial, en el que el interno/usuario se responsabiliza de su propio proceso de cambio y toma consciencia de la necesidad de devolver a la sociedad los errores cometidos, a través de un cambio en su relación y en su participación social.

An Aggressive Coping Strategy of Gymnasium Students in Social Conflict Situations: Emotional and Family Determinants

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of emotions and parents’ coping strategies in conflicts to generating the youth’s aggressive coping strategy in social conflict situations. The research involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the collected research material enabled us to conclude that aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in social conflict situations. It was found out that the mother and the father who employ a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of a strategy involving aggressive behaviour applied in social conflict situations by the youth. Keywords: junior high school adolescent, emotional reactions, modelling behaviour, aggressive coping strategy, social conflict situations. How to cite: Borecka-Biernat, D. (2016). An aggressive coping strategy og gymnasium students in social conflict situations: Emotional and family determinants. Ugdymo psichologija, 27 , 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2016.01

Behavioural responses of dogs to dog-human social conflict situations

A human-dog relationship is characterized by living close together in the same environment which might provoke social conflicts around particular resources, such as food and social partners. Dogs developed behavioural patterns in response to dog-human social conflicts as well as to receive reinforcement and to prevent punishment. However, few studies have investigated the behavioural responses of dogs to dog-human social conflict situations. Therefore, 22 dogs’ behavioural responses to the thwarting of food by a human over a period of 180s (frustration-provoking situation) and to an operant conditioning task were studied. The 2 testing situations were applied in a random order to each dog. Dog-human interactions, such as gazing and seeking out contact, passive and active behavioural responses, exploration and submissive behaviour were recorded. The dogs’ behavioural responses in the frustration-provoking test and the learning test were analysed using descriptive statistical and repeated measures analysis of variance within the linear mixed models procedure. Throughout both test situations, the main behavioural responses displayed by the dogs were interacting with the experimenter or standing alert. The dogs tried to get to the withheld food using their mouth (frustration-provoking test: mean=70.97s, SD±45.23; operant conditioning task: mean=12.72s, SD±18.99) and gazed at the experimenter (frustration-provoking test: mean=26.86, SD±40.86; operant conditioning task: mean=11.55, SD±13.96). The time the dogs tried to get to the withheld food using their mouth and gazing at the experimenter significantly influenced the time the dogs took to lie down (F1,15=28.15, P=0.000). Standing alert, a passive behavioural response to a social conflict, significantly influenced the time the dogs needed to lie down in the operant conditioning task (F1,30=61.16, P=0.000). There was a significant relationship between the standing alert and withdrawal behaviour (rs=0.670, P=0.000), that means the dogs moved backwards a few steps before they stood alert. All dogs licked their noses or lips 1–32 times (mean=11.59, SD±7.84) throughout the frustration-provoking test and only half of the dogs performed those behaviours 1–14 times (mean=2.91, SD±3.10) throughout the operant conditioning task. The data suggest that dogs primarily show the same behavioural responses when comparing a frustration-provoking situation to an operant conditioning task during dog-human interaction. This paper highlights the importance to increase our understanding of dog’s behavioural patterns and body language displayed during dog-human conflicts.

Planning in the face of ‘deep divisions’: A view from Beirut, Lebanon

This article discusses planning in the global South-East while focusing on the specific context of social divides, political turmoil and conflict situations. The article proposes a five-way framework based on political science and planning theory to analyse such contexts. The article explores the case of Beirut, Lebanon that has undergone several episodes of internal and external conflicts resulting in a society splintered along sectarianism. Two case studies of open urban spaces and their public activities are analysed using the five-way framework The discussion indicates how economic liberalism that is prevalent in countries of the South-East, along with place-based identities, interest-based identities, consensus orientated processes and institutionalism might facilitate a cultivation of deep values away from a narrowly constructed identity. The article argues that planners should understand the options for positive action that aim to bridge deep divisions and suggests that the five-way framework provides a reference for contextualising in different ways to suit particular contexts. Therefore, the framework is not necessarily restricted to the South-East but could be applicable to any context which manifests deep divisions.