Manipulations of Public Consciousness in the Environmental Conflict on Kushtau

The goal of the study was to explore ways in which family impacts the etiology of coping strategies in youth in situations of social conflict, with focus on the parental attitudes and their patterns of reacting to situations of social conflict. The Scale of Parental Attitudes (Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich) by M. Plopa, the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Youth in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) by D. Borecka-Biernat were the tools applied in the study. The empirical study was conducted in middle schools, on a sample of 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13 to 15. In the light of the conducted research, it has been concluded that destructive (aggressive, avoidant, submissive) mechanisms of coping with emotional tension in situations of social conflict are shaped by inappropriate parental attitudes characterized by emotional distance or emotional focus of the parents on the adolescent, lack of balanced emotional bond, and high expectations accompanied by excessive discipline and strictness. Among the family-related determinants of destructive coping strategies an important role is played by the patterns of destructive (aggressive, avoidant, and submissive) coping strategies in situation of social conflict presented to the adolescents by the parents. What is more, an analysis of the research material has indicated that appropriate parental attitudes, characterized by support, respect for the adolescent’s independence and their individuality equip the young person with a constructive (task-oriented) strategy that is efficient in overcoming situations of social conflict. It has been observed that a high level of the task-oriented strategy in parents in situations of social conflict causes an increase in the level of the task-oriented strategy in youth in situations of social conflict. It appears that the obtained information can serve as theoretical guidelines in designing parenting strategies that shape individuals capable of coping with conflict in a mature way.

The aim of the study was to identify family-related factors connected with aggressive and task-oriented coping strategies in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict. The study was conducted on a sample of 893 adolescents aged 13 to 15. M. Plopa’s Parental Attitude Scale (Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich, SPR), the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz Strategii Radzenia sobie Rodziców w Sytuacji Konfliktu Społecznego, KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do Badania Strategii Radzenia sobie Młodzieży w Sytuacji Konfliktu Społecznego, KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. An analysis of the results of the study has indicated family discriminants of aggressive and task-oriented coping strategies in adolescents in situations of social conflict; those discriminants include the perceived parental attitudes in father, including the inconsistent, autonomous, and demanding attitude; the perceived aggressive strategy in mother and father in situations of social conflict, as well as the task-oriented strategy in mother in situations of social conflict. Identifying the determinants of aggressive and task-oriented strategies in youth might allow the caretakers of adolescents to better understand their behaviour in situations of social conflict and look at its roots from the young people’s perspective. Understanding the determinants of these behaviours is a necessary step in designing strategies that can shape individuals capable of coping with conflicts in a mature manner.

Goal The purpose of the study was to determine the personality and family indicators of the avoidant coping strategy in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict Method The study was conducted on a sample of 893 middle school students. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (adapted by Dzwonkowska, Lachowicz-Tabaczek and Łaguna), the Sense of Control Questionnaire (SCQ) by Krasowicz and Kurzyp-Wojnarska, the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) designed by Włodarczyk and Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TIPST) by Spielberger, the Parental Attitudes Scale (PAS) Plopa, the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (QSPC) by Borecka-Biernat, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (QSAC) by Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. Results Young people’s strong conviction of other individuals’ impact on negative and positive outcomes of events, the perception of social conflict as challenge and reacting to that conflict with anger or anxiety co-occurs with the tendency towards the avoidant coping strategy. Among the familial determinants of the avoidant coping strategy, an important role is played by the inadequate parental attitudes towards the adolescent child, as well as the pattern of avoidance in situations of social conflict in the parents. Conclusions Learning about the causes of the avoidant coping strategy in the young person will allow the parents and teachers to better understand the adolescents’ behaviour in situations of social conflict and look at its roots from the adolescent’s perspective. Understanding the causes of this behaviour may become a starting point for creating educational strategies that help young people cope with conflict in a mature way.

The goal of the study was to compare parental attitudes (as perceived by adolescents) with regard to the coping strategies applied by adolescents in situations of social conflict (aggressive, avoidant, task-oriented). Plopa’s Parental Attitude Scale (Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich, SPR) and the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego, KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. The empirical studies were conducted in middle schools on a sample of 893 participants (468 girls and 425 boys), aged 13 to 15. In the light of the conducted research, it has been concluded that appropriate parental attitudes, filled with emotional warmth, acceptance, and support, accompanied by respect for the adolescent's independence, allow young people to apply the constructive (task-oriented) strategy, that facilitates effective resolution of conflict. Moreover, an analysis of the research material has indicated that a destructive (aggressive, avoidant) way of reacting to emotional tension in situations of social conflict is shaped by inappropriate parental attitudes, characterized by high expectations and lack of a balanced emotional bond. It appears that the obtained information may constitute a theoretical guide for parenting strategies that might help shape an individual able to cope with conflict in a mature way.

The study aimed to determine the personality indicators of the avoidant coping strategy in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (adapted by I. Dzwonkowska, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, and M. Łaguna), the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Oceny Stresu, KOS) designed by D. Włodarczyk and K. Wrześniewski, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) created by Borecka-Biernat (2012). The empirical research was conducted in middle schools on 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13 to 15. An analysis of the research results indicates that a young person’s low assessment of own abilities and the assessment of a situation of conflict as a threat or harm/loss co-occur with the avoidant coping strategy in situations of social conflict.

The aim of the research has been to determine the family aetiology of defensive coping strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) employed by teenagers in social conflict situations and resulting from educational attitudes and model coping strategies chosen by their parents in analogous contexts. The following assessment methods have been used: the scale of parental attitudes by Mieczyslaw Plopa, the questionnaire of parental coping strategies in social conflict situations in the child’s perception (SRwSK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat, and the questionnaire of adolescent coping strategies in social confl ict situations (KSRK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. The empirical study has covered 892 students (464 girls and 423 boys) aged 13–15, from the first, second and third years of the lower secondary school. The results show that adolescents are not able to deal constructively with the social confl ict situation unless in their educational environment they find approval, openness to their matters, recognition of their freedom of action, respect for their rights, and a model of active behaviour provided by signifi cant others while seeking a viable solution to a conflict. Defensive forms of coping strategies in social conflict situations develop under the influence of educational parental attitudes and models of reacting to problems, manifested in parents’ behaviours in emotional tension situations.

The study aimed to search for a family aetiology of strategies for adolescents in situations of social conflict inherent in the pattern of parental response to situations of social conflict. The research used the Questionnaire on Coping Strategies of Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire for the Study of Coping Strategies of Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in junior high schools. They included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The research analysis showed that the mother and Father, perceived as using destructive and constructive strategies in social conflict, contribute to modelling a process involving destructive and constructive behaviour used in cases of social conflict.

Situational context: Effects on perceptions of assertive and unassertive behavior

The goal of the study was to assess parental attitudes and the model of parents’ responses to a social conflict situation in generating an avoidance coping strategy by adolescents. The Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Mieczysław Plopa, the Questionnaire on parents’ strategies for coping with a social conflict situation (KSRwSK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire to study adolescents’ strategies for coping with a social conflict situation (KSMK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat were used. The study was carried out in junior high schools. It covered 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) at the of age of 13–15. Data analysis showed that among family conditions of the adolescents’ avoidant reacting to the emotional tension arising in a conflict situation, incorrect upbringing attitudes of parents towards adolescent children and providing a parental model of avoidance coping with a social conflict situation had a significant influence.

The purpose of the study was to find out relationships between the level of self-esteem and the occurrence of destructive (aggression, avoidance, submission) and constructive (taskoriented) strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents. The study used M. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) adapted by M. Łaguna, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek and I. Dwonkowska as well as the Questionnaire to study strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents (KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw (and neighbouring towns). They included893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The analysis of research results indicates that a lower assessment of a young person’s own abilities coexists with a tendencyto react destructively to a conflict. The study also showed that adolescents with a higher self-esteem who find themselves in a conflict situation will take advantage of a constructive strategy to deal with this situation. The research results regarding the personality premise of the strategy for coping with a social conflict situation by youth have practical significance. It is particularly worth paying attention to it in the course of upbringing and education of adolescents in order to shape their ability of effective and ethical coping with conflict situations.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of emotions and parents’ coping strategies in conflicts to generating the youth’s aggressive coping strategy in social conflict situations. The research involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the collected research material enabled us to conclude that aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in social conflict situations. It was found out that the mother and the father who employ a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of a strategy involving aggressive behaviour applied in social conflict situations by the youth. Keywords: junior high school adolescent, emotional reactions, modelling behaviour, aggressive coping strategy, social conflict situations. How to cite: Borecka-Biernat, D. (2016). An aggressive coping strategy og gymnasium students in social conflict situations: Emotional and family determinants. Ugdymo psichologija, 27 , 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2016.01

BackgroundThe purpose of our study was to search for the emotional and family aetiology of destructive strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents.Participants and procedureThe questionnaire (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat to study the strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents, the Three-Factor State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (TISCO) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski, as well as the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Plopa were applied in the research. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and neighbouring towns. It covered 493 adolescents (269 girls and 224 boys) aged 13-15 years.ResultsAccording to the results of this study, interpersonal competence predicts perceived social support and self-esteem, and perceived social support predicts self-esteem. Perceived social support, which is the main focus of the research, plays a partial mediation role in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem.ConclusionsThe research result analysis revealed an interesting finding, i.e. few negative emotions and parental upbringing attitudes differentiated adolescents who applied aggression strategies from the ones who used strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation. This means that adolescents who use strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation are relatively homogeneous in the scope of the emotional and family variables researched.

<b>Background, participants and procedure </b><br /> This research is aimed at evaluation of the role of self-assessment and emotions in designation of an aggressive strategy of coping with a social conflict situation by gymnasium school students. It uses a questionnaire to study strategies adopted by youth to cope with a social conflict situation (KSMK), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and a Three-Factor Personality States and Traits Inventory (TISCO) questionnaire. The empirical study was conducted in gymnasium schools in Wrocław and neighbouring localities. It included 811 adolescents (414 girls and 397 boys) aged 13-15. <br /> <b>Results and conclusions</b><br /> Based on the analysis of the collected research material, it is concluded that low assessment of teenagers’ own capacity plays a role in choosing an aggressive strategy to cope with a social conflict situation. Participation of adolescents in a situation of a threat to accomplishment of their own objectives intensifies negative emotions. Research results confirm that aggression is a form of dealing with anger and fear felt in a social conflict situation.

Whilst strategies preferences develop over a person’s lifetime, due to its proximal presence the parenting context is primary significant relational context where conflict resolution skills might being learned. While disciplining and guiding the child, nurturing the child‘s psychological, physical, social, and economic well-being parent provides child with a platform to learn how to deal with conflicts (Jonyniene et al., 2015; Missotten et al., 2016). The purpose of the study was to search for the family etiology of the strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission, problem solving) for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents, the source of which is inherent in parental upbringing attitudes. D. Borecka-Biernat’s Questionnaire on studying strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents (KSMK) and Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by M. Plopa were applied in the research. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and neighbouring towns. It comprised 493 adolescents (269 girls and 224 boys) aged 13-15. In the light of the research conducted, it was found that the adolescents’ aggressive way of reacting to emotional tension resulting from a social conflict situation is shaped by inappropriate upbringing attitudes of parents towards an adolescent child. The research results within the scope of the acceptance-rejection and autonomy attitude perception reveal their lower intensification in parents of adolescents who use aggression strategy. On the other hand, it is also possible to observe a higher result concerning the inconsistent and an over demanding attitude of adolescents’ parents who use aggression as a strategy for coping with a social conflict situation. It can be assumed that due to the attitudes observed in the mother and father, the adolescents who use the strategy of avoidance, submission, and task-oriented for coping with a social conflict situation constitute a homogeneous group. The research also indicates that appropriate parental attitudes are conducive to shaping adolescent’s habits of reacting to social conflict situations in the form of an active way out of difficulties.

An analysis of occupational risks to the health of workers, the fundamental components of which are injuries and occupational morbidity, is extremely relevant, primarily for those industries where working conditions remain difficult and harmful and there are restrictions on hiring for health reasons, including at mining enterprises mineral. The purpose of the work is to study the consequences of exposure to harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions for employees of the main types of economic activity and mining of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2011–2020. and comparing them with similar data for the Russian Federation. Sources of information — statistical reports, reports and materials published on the official websites rosstat.gov.ru, rospotrebnadzor.ru, 02.rospotrebnadzor.ru, bashstat.gks.ru, mintrud.gov.ru, mintrud.bashkortostan.ru. The average long-term level of occupational morbidity in Russia for the study period was 1.45 per 10 thousand workers, in the Republic of Bashkortostan — 0.910/000. A steady decrease in intensive indicators of occupational morbidity in dynamics by 2.5 times in Russia and almost 3 times in the republic was noted. The average annual rates of occupational morbidity in the production of minerals in the country ranged from 21.2 in 2019 to 32.75 in 2013 per 10 thousand employees (average 29.04 0/000), in the republic — 6.0 per 10 thousand employees, which is 7.3 times higher than the national average. The average number of victims with disability for all types of economic activity in Russia was 1.2 times higher than the national indicator, the average injury severity indicator in the region exceeded the same value in the country by 11.4 %. An excess of the average long-term indicator of the frequency and severity of injuries at the country's mining enterprises in comparison with the indicators of general injuries was noted. The data convincingly testify to the existing problems in the production of minerals, causing increased rates of occupational morbidity and occupational injuries with severe outcomes.