Sinusoidal Pulse Research Articles

A simplified implementation of NLSPWM control strategy for SqZS inverter via model‐driven processor programming method

AbstractThe transformerless single‐phase semi‐quasi‐Z‐source inverter (SqZSI) has a nonlinear gain curve and requires nonlinear sinusoidal pulse width modulation (NLSPWM) to achieve sinusoidal voltage at the output AC terminal. Although the SqZSI provides some advantages, for example, leakage current elimination, doubly grounded, low volume, and low cost, it needs nonlinear modulation control. The NLSPWM is relatively complex among single‐phase modulation methods and it is considered a disadvantage for this topology, so this paper presents a model‐driven processor programming method that facilitates the implementation of NLSPWM. The developed programming method utilizes a Blockset environment in MATLAB/Simulink to implement NLSPWM, and then the obtained model is compiled and directly uploaded to the ARM Cortex‐M4‐based STM32F4 processor. In this approach, there is no need for coding in C programming language, and only the Simulink mathematical blocks are used so it simplifies the implementation process. The same Simulink model used to model the inverter control is slightly edited for implementation, which accelerates the debugging cycle. Experimental results of 100 W SqZSI confirm the desired and accurate performance of this low‐cost method. The qualitative comparison of the processor programming methods and the performance comparison of the developed SqZSI based on this approach verify the simplicity of implementation.

Design of a Single Phase HERIC-SPWM

Development in the field of technology has experienced rapid development in recent years, especially in inverter. Every year the development of inverters is very fast starting from full bidge inverters to HERIC inverters, inverters are usually used to convert DC voltage to AC, HERIC inverters are modifications of full bidge inverters with 2 additional IGBTs on the output side, therefore this paper will discuss about inverter design. HERIC SPWM 1 phase.The HERIC inverter will be compared with full bridge inverters to find out the advantages of these modifications. The modulation technique here uses SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) modulation technique as the switching process. IGBT switching on the HERIC inverter to produce the desired output waveform. The methodology for making a 1-phase HERIC SPWM inverter using a source from the PLN road network which will then be rectified by the rectifier. The rectifier output of 311 vdc will then be converted into AC voltage with output by the HERIC inverter.So that by making this single-phase HERIC SPWM inverter it is possible to be efficient and produce the power supply that will be used.

Optimization of stimulation waveforms for regulating spike-wave discharges in a thalamocortical model

Based on our modified thalamocortical model considering excitatory interneuron, this study incorporates deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to pyramidal cluster and focuses on optimizing stimulus waveforms of DBS. The epileptic activities can be reproduced and modulated by inhibitory and excitatory interneurons, which are closely related to the generation of absence seizures. Under the bifurcation mechanism analysis, fold limit cycle and Hopf bifurcations well explain the termination and transition of various discharge states. To offer a potential way to improve control effects and energy savings, we investigate a range of waveforms covering rectangular, linear increase and decrease, triangular, exponential increase and decrease, Gaussian and sinusoidal pulse in detail. These single pulses all can effectively remove spike-wave discharges (SWD) with appropriate stimulus parameters, except for exponential decrease pulse. Additionally, stimulation outcomes are uncovered by adjusting stimulus timing and pulse width, and the optimal pulse width of each waveform has been suggested. By comprehensively analyzing the control rate, charge injected ability and energy requirement, the sinusoidal pulse achieves a better impact on eliminating SWD. From the perspective of rectangular and sinusoidal stimulations, the single pulse is of great advantage comparing to the traditional DBS, which may give some enlightenment for the clinical treatment, especially extend the application of DBS in neurological disorders.

Performance investigation of standalone wind power system equipped with sinusoidal PWM power inverter for household consumer in rural areas of Indonesia

This paper proposes the performance investigation of a standalone wind power system equipped with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) power inverter for household consumption in rural areas of Indonesia. Indonesia, which is in the tropics, has the potential for developing wind power plants. One of the potential areas is the South Coast, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region, the location of this research. This work has designed, assembled, and tested a 4-kW wind power plant using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by a horizontal type of turbine. The test results show that the power plant can generate electrical energy suitable for meeting the electricity needs of residents’ homes. This success indicates that the generator’s voltage is good enough and feasible to be stored in the battery. Although the voltage’s value depends on the wind speed, it is adequate because it is close to the nominal voltage that the PMSG generator should produce. The electrical energy generated by this power plant is stored in the battery bank. Also, the performance of the SPWM power inverter has been demonstrated in the experimental tests of resistive and inductive loading. This power plant’s development follows the government’s commitment to utilizing renewable energy sources as priority energy as a strategy to reduce dependence on fossil energy and overcome the environment.

Modular multilevel TMS device with wide output range and ultrabrief pulse capability for sound reduction

Objective. This article presents a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse generator with a wide range of pulse shape, amplitude, and width. Approach. Based on a modular multilevel TMS (MM-TMS) topology we had proposed previously, we realized the first such device operating at full TMS energy levels. It consists of ten cascaded H-bridge modules, each implemented with insulated-gate bipolar transistors, enabling both novel high-amplitude ultrabrief pulses as well as pulses with conventional amplitude and duration. The MM-TMS device can output pulses including up to 21 voltage levels with a step size of up to 1100 V, allowing relatively flexible generation of various pulse waveforms and sequences. The circuit further allows charging the energy storage capacitor on each of the ten cascaded modules with a conventional TMS power supply. Main results. The MM-TMS device can output peak coil voltages and currents of 11 kV and 10 kA, respectively, enabling suprathreshold ultrabrief pulses (>8.25 μs active electric field phase). Further, the MM-TMS device can generate a wide range of near-rectangular monophasic and biphasic pulses, as well as more complex staircase-approximated sinusoidal, polyphasic, and amplitude-modulated pulses. At matched estimated stimulation strength, briefer pulses emit less sound, which could enable quieter TMS. Finally, the MM-TMS device can instantaneously increase or decrease the amplitude from one pulse to the next in discrete steps by adding or removing modules in series, which enables rapid pulse sequences and paired-pulse protocols with variable pulse shapes and amplitudes. Significance. The MM-TMS device allows unprecedented control of the pulse characteristics which could enable novel protocols and quieter pulses.

Fuzzy-based estimation of reference flux, reference torque and sector rotation for performance improvement of DTC-IM drive

In this study, the fuzzy-based reference flux estimator (RFE), reference torque estimator (RTE) and sector rotation strategy called fuzzy logic estimator are proposed to direct torque control of induction motor (DTC-IM) drive for performance improvement. The basic DTC-IM drive with conventional RFE, RTE and sector division causes large torque ripple, variable switching frequency and uneven voltage vector contribution in stator flux. The torque and speed responses of the proposed system are investigated with load variations. The simulation results of the proposed DTC-IM drive are compared with the basic DTC-IM drive. The assessment of the proposed system shows improved performance. A hardware is developed using Xilinx Spartan-6XC6SLX45-Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Kit for experimental verification of the results. Moreover, sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation techniques are applied to reduce the torque ripples. The performance of the drive is investigated for various speed ranges. The comparison of the simulated and experimental results proves that the proposed fuzzy-based DTC-IM drive provides better performance than the basic DTC-IM drive.

Detailed Assessment of Modulation Strategies for Hexverter–Based Modular Multilevel Converters

Modular multilevel converters are playing a key role in the present and future development of topologies for medium–to–high–power applications. Among this category of power converters, there is a direct AC–AC modular multilevel converter called “Hexverter”, which is well suited to connect three–phase AC systems operating at different frequencies. This topology is the subject of study in this manuscript. The complete Hexverter system is composed of an Hexverter power converter and several control layers, namely, a “virtual VC2 controller”, a branch current controller in a two–frequency dq reference frame, a modulator, and a voltage balancing algorithm. The paper presents a thorough description and analysis of the entire Hexverter system, providing research contributions in three key aspects: (i) modeling and control in a unified two–frequency dq framework; (ii) developing a “virtual VC2 controller” to dynamically account for Hexverter’s active power losses allowing to achieve active power balance on the fly; and (iii) a comparative evaluation of modulation strategies (nearest level control and phase disposition–sinusoidal pulse width modulation). To this end, a detailed switched simulation was implemented in the PSCAD/EMTDC software platform. The proposed “virtual VC2 controller” is evaluated through the measurement of its settling time and calculation of active power losses. Each modulation technique is assessed through total harmonic distortion and frequency spectrum of the synthesized three–phase voltages and currents. The results obtained suggest that the control scheme is able to properly regulate the Hexverter system under both modulation strategies. Furthermore, the “virtual VC2 controller” is able to accurately determine the active power loss, which allows the assessment of the efficiency of the modulation strategies. The nearest level control technique yielded superior efficiency.

Dc Link Voltage Balance Of Grid Integrated Pv Module Using Pi-Awt

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of a PV-based grid-connected system. In the suggested arrangement, there are two phases in the conversion process. The conversion of alternating current voltage to direct current voltage is the first stage. It is decided to use the usual two-level converter at this point. The second stage consists of converting the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage using a typical two-level voltage source converter (VSC). A control technique based on the Anti-windup tuned PI (PI+AWT) is being developed to govern the dc link voltage at VSC of the second stage conversion. The proportional resonant controller is used to control the current signals and also to regulate the reference signals in the pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme, which is described in detail below. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used to regulate VSC switches. The suggested controller’s performance is evaluated under three different conditions: continuous irradiation, change of irradiation, and three-phase fault. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to calculate the parameters of the results.

Lasing from Narrow Bandwidth Light-Emitting One-Dimensional Nanoporous Photonic Crystals

Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is an emerging platform material for photonics and light-based applications. However, demonstrations of narrow bandwidth lasing emissions from this optical material remain limited. Here, we demonstrate that narrow bandwidth NAA-based gradient-index filters (NAA-GIFs) can be optically engineered to achieve high-quality visible lasing. NAA-GIFs fabricated by a modified sinusoidal pulse anodization approach feature a well-resolved, intense, high-quality photonic stopband (PSB). The inner surface of NAA-GIFs is functionalized with rhodamine B (RhoB) fluorophore molecules through micellar solubilization of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. Systematic variation of the ratio of SDS and RhoB enables the precise engineering of the light-emitting functional layer to maximize light-driven lasing associated with the slow photon effect at the red edge of NAA-GIFs’ PSB. It is found that the optimal surfactant-to-fluorophore ratio, namely, 20 mM SDS to 0.81 mM RhoB, results in a strong, polarized lasing at ∼612 nm. This lasing was characterized by a remarkably high-quality–gain product of ∼536, a Purcell factor of 2.2, a lasing threshold of ∼0.15 mJ per pulse, and a high-quality polarization ratio of ∼0.7. Our results benefit the advancement of the NAA-based lasing technology for a variety of photonic disciplines such as sensing, tweezing, light harvesting, and photodetection.

The visual cortical responses to sinusoidal transcorneal electrical stimulation

Retinal stimulation has become a widely utilized approach to restore visual function for individuals with retinal degenerative diseases. Although the rectangular electrical pulse is the primary stimulus waveform used in retinal neuromodulation, it remains unclear whether alternate waveforms may be more effective. Here, we used the optical intrinsic signal imaging system to assess the responses of cats’ visual cortex to sinusoidal electrical stimulation through contact lens electrode, analyzing the response to various stimulus parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse width). A comparison between sinusoidal and rectangular stimulus waveform was also investigated. The results indicated that the optimal stimulation frequency for sinusoidal electrical stimulation was approximately 20 Hz, supporting the hypothesis that low-frequency electrostimulation induces more responsiveness in retinal neurons than high-frequency electrostimulation in case of sinusoidal stimulation. We also demonstrated that for low-frequency retinal neuromodulation, sinusoidal pulses are more effective than rectangular ones. In addition, we found that compared to current intensity, the effect of the sinusoidal pulse width on cortical responses was more prominent. These results suggested that sinusoidal electrical stimulation may provide a promising strategy for improved retinal neuromodulation in clinical settings.

Design and implementation of reduced number of switches for new multilevel inverter topology without zero-level state

<p>Currently, multilevel inverter (MLI) has been chosen over conventional inverter because of less harmonic distortions and higher output voltage levels. In this paper, 15 level inverter with reduced number of power switching devices is designed. Different output voltage levels can be obtained including zero level or with none zero level (NoneZero level). Single phase MLI inverter with 7 switches is built, simulated, and implemented practically. The system depending on modified absolute sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MASPWM) controller strategy is adopted. Simulation results clarified that MLI with NoneZero level provides output voltage with total harmonic distortion (THD) percent less than with zero level. The THD of the 15 level output voltage with zero level is 3.39%, while with NoneZero level is 3%, respectively. The system is tested at different output levels. The THD values at different output voltage levels is reduced by 12% depending on NoneZero level state. Depending on what has been achieved, the system has been implemented practically with NoneZero<br />level and the THD value was 3.1%. These results prove the success of the suggested MLI circuit and MASPWM controller to obtain the required voltage level and THD.</p>

An Improved Conventional Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter Using Non-Zero Triangular- Based Unipolar Modulation Scheme

This paper presents an improved conventional diode-clamped multilevel inverter using non-zero triangular-based unipolar modulation scheme. The proposed scheme is meant to reduce the number of carrier waves, minimize the circuits of modulation scheme and obtain stabilized output voltage waveforms. Non-zero triangular-based unipolar modulation scheme is actualized by using two zero-free triangular wave carriers and two modulating sinewaves for line-to- line five level output voltage waveforms in single phase full bridge diode-clamped multilevel inverter unlike conventional multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation that uses four triangular waves and one modulating sinewave for the same inverter type. The proposed system also used microcontroller in the combinational of its wave signals in order to generate the appropriate triggering signals for switching the power semiconductor switches. The proposed system has the following features: (i) It produces two distinct triggering trains (W1 and W2) meant to reduce the low and high harmonics unlike conventional modulation techniques (ii) All its carrier waves operate in continuous current mode which makes it unique from other multicarrier and other related modulation schemes (iii) it has low component counts. The proposed scheme on the conventional diode-clamped inverter produced the following results: voltage and current with total harmonic distortions of 0.4547%, stabilized 400V output voltage and 20A output current, probability results at each level of voltage and current occurrences are 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.75 and 0.90; power output of 80kW, low component counts of modulation circuit scheme and experimental prototype.

FPGA-Based Single-Phase PV Inverter Using Unipolar and Bipolar SPWM Control Techniques

The study presents circuitry modeling and methodology to integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) energy with grid (AC) sources to supplement household appliances during a power cut-off or restricted supply period and alternating charge deep cycle batteries. This paper discusses an FPGA-based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) generator as a control mechanism for a PV/Battery full-bridge inverter. The inverter's efficacy is expressed as the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ratio, which must be as low as possible. Various schemes are proposed to reduce THD to generate a more sinusoidal output wave. SPWM is mostly used in industrial inverters. Two SPWM techniques, Bipolar and unipolar, are compared under a variety of Modulation Index (MI) conditions and Carrier Frequency (fc) to analyze the best performance of the full-bridge inverter with less (THD) and smoother output sinewave. The present paper discusses the results of a simulation for a single-phase full-bridge inverter employing bipolar and unipolar SPWM techniques. The output waveform demonstrates that the Unipolar SPWM technique produces less Total harmonic Distortion than the Bipolar method, with THD 45% lower. ISE 14.7 and Matlab 2019 are used to present, simulate SPWM generating code, and implement the design on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which acts as a controller for the Mosfet gates in the full-bridge inverter to constitute a sine wave without changing any hardware configuration in the circuit design. The system implementation of SPWM Pulse generation has been validated on Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA (XC6SLX45) board using VHDL code. The final test on the system design for the SPWM generation program, after synthesis and compilation were finalized and verified on a prototype system.

Design of FPGA-Based SHE and SPWM Digital Switching Controllers for 21-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Model.

Multilevel inverters are a type of power electronic circuit that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) for use in high-voltage and high-power applications. Many recent studies on multilevel inverters have used field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as a switching controller device to overcome the limitations of microcontrollers or DSPs, such as limited sampling rate, low execution speed, and a limited number of IO pins. However, the design techniques of most existing FPGA-based switching controllers require large amounts of memory (RAM) for storage of sampled data points as well as complex controller architectures to generate the output gating pulses. Therefore, in this paper, we propose two types of FPGA-based digital switching controllers, namely selective harmonic elimination (SHE) and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), for a 21-level multilevel inverter. Both switching controllers were designed with minimal hardware complexity and logic utilisation. The designed SHE switching controller mainly consists of a four-bit finite state machine (FSM) and a 13-bit counter, while the SPWM switching controller employs a simple iterative CORDIC algorithm with a small amount of data storage requirement, a six-bit up-down counter, and a few adders. Initially, both digital switching controllers (SHE and SPWM) were designed using the hardware description language (HDL) in Verilog codes and functionally verified using the developed testbenches. The designed digital switching controllers were then synthesised and downloaded to the Intel FPGA (DE2-115) board for real-time verification purposes. For system-level verification, both switching controllers were tested on five cascaded H-Bridge circuits for a 21-level multilevel inverter model using the HDL co-simulation method in MATLAB Simulink. From the synthesised logic gates, it was found that the designed SHE and SPWM switching controllers require only 186 and 369 logic elements (LEs), respectively, which is less than 1% of the total LEs in an FPGA (Cyclone IV E) chip. The execution speed of the SHE switching controller implemented in the FPGA (Cyclone IV E) chip was found to be a maximum of 99.97% faster when compared with the microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The THD percentage of the 21-level SHE digital switching controller (3.91%) was found to be 37% less than that of the SPWM digital switching controller (6.17%). In conclusion, the proposed simplified design architectures of SHE and SPWM digital switching controllers have been proven to not only require minimal logic resources, achieve high processing speeds, and function correctly when tested on a real-time FPGA board, but also generate the desired 21-level stepped sine-wave output voltage (±360 VPP) at a frequency of 50 Hz with low THD percentages when tested on a 21-level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter model.

Five-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications

This paper proposes a switched-capacitor based single-phase five-level inverter configuration that operates under boost operation and generates a voltage that is more than the DC source voltage. The proposed five-level inverter uses a capacitor and boots the output voltage. In this proposed inverter, capacitor gets charged in parallel while it discharges in series connections so that output voltage may attain higher magnitude than the DC source voltage. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation-based techniques are considered to produce the required gate pulses for operating the switching devices of the inverter. The five-level switched-capacitor inverter is combined with the PV system via DC–DC boost converters to extract the maximum power using MPPT algorithm. To verify its capability, the PV-based system is further integrated to the utility grid. The operation and performance of the suggested switched-capacitor inverter coupled with the grid-connected PV system are also analyzed by developing its model in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation for a photovoltaic-based single-stage inverter

The work proposed in this paper focuses on providing an effective solution to the shortage of power in rural areas with an effective technique implemented in an economically feasible way. The traditional inverters used for either residential or commercial purposes consume electrical energy from the grid to fulfill the charging and discharging of the battery, which may lead to overloading. The shortcomings of the traditional inverters such as the nonrenewable nature of power sources increased cost of manufacturing, and multistage conversion complexity is considered by the researchers for improvement. As a result, an attempt has been made to provide a cost-effective renewable energy system with a single-stage topology for ac power applications. Single-stage power conversion with an allowed shoot through the state is used here to avoid additional components and reduce the switching losses. Unlike the traditional inverters, the quasi-impedance source inverter (QZSI) that is brought forward can be utilized as a standalone system or a capable backup at the time of power outages. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is applied to attain reduced harmonics which are measured by observing the harmonic pattern in the total harmonic distortion (THD) curve. The lab results obtained through MATLAB simulation confirm the noteworthy diminution of the THD level in the proposed system compared to the reported one. Usage of photovoltaic (PV) panels to tap energy with reduced stochastic fluctuations due to the high filtering capacity of the proposed circuit, eliminating the need for additional filters, is the uniqueness of this technique.

Implementing Solar Energy For Watering Plantation In Kepel Village, Kare District, Madiun Regency

Drought refers to a condition in which supply of water at a certain area gets decreasing. This sort of condition also occurs in Kepel Village, Kare District, Madiun Regency. During the dry season, the farmers who have land on the hilly area around the slope of Mount Wilis encounter difficulties in watering their plantation. The condition becomes worse as the plantation land is located at the mountain slope which is far from electricity access provided by PLN, while the source of water is below their land. To overcome this problem, PV can be used as a device to produce electrical energy due to several advantages such as environmentally friendly, low maintenance cost, and zero emission. Furthermore, the energy required for PV is always available in the nature or can be renewed (renewable energy). Hence, PV belongs to a solution for electrical source to generate a water pump. Since the pump needs AC source in 220V and 50Hz, the researcher developed an inverter through SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) method for changing DC current 24V to AC current 220 and 50Hz. In this context, the inverter was regulated in 290V AC and 51.150 Hz and when the water pump load 125W was given, the voltage gained 225V AC. The drop of voltage occurred because the load was induction motor. The results of testing this solar energy power station demonstrated that the water pump could fill the water reservoir 70l within 3.8 minutes and could water 1 are land. This test was carried out for 10 days at 08.00 am as it is the optimum sun light and the proper watering time for farmers.

Electrophysical and thermal parameters of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet in helium excited by sinusoidal and pulsed voltages

Comparative studies of cold plasma jet of generation at atmospheric pressure in helium excited by sinusoidal and unipolar positive pulses voltage at 2-6 kV for medical applications were carried out. It has been shown that the achieved parameters are identical, but the absence of the effect of frequency self-organization of streamer breakdown leading to irregularity in streamer propagation under pulse excitation makes it preferable in biophysical experiments. A limiting factor for plasma jet exposure is the achievable target temperature, which can be reduced by limiting the current duration. Keywords: cold plasma jet, excitation by sinusoidal and pulsed voltage, temperature.

Unsteady Non-Uniform Flow of Molten Metals in Rectangular Open Channels

In the metallurgical industries, it is very important to characterize the flow of molten metals in open channels given that they are transported through these devices to different plant sections. However, unlike the flow of water which has been studied since ancient times, the flow of molten metals in open channels has received little attention. The unsteady non-uniform flow of blast furnace molten pig iron in a rectangular open channel is analyzed in this work by numerical solution of the Saint-Venant equations. The influence of mesh size on the convergence of molten metal height is studied to determine the proper mesh and time step sizes. A sinusoidal inflow pulse is imposed at the entrance of the channel in order to analyze the propagation of the resulting wave. The influence of the angle of inclination of the channel and the roughness coefficient of the walls on the amplitude and the dynamic behavior of the height of the molten metal are analyzed. Phase portraits of the channel state variables are constructed and interpreted. Numerical simulations show that as the angle of inclination of the channel increases, the amplitude of the formed wave decreases. From 10 degrees onwards, the peak of the wave descends even below the initial height. On the other hand, the roughness coefficient affects the molten pig iron height profiles in an inverse way than the angle of inclination. The amplitude of the formed wave increases as the roughness coefficient increases.

Finite element and analytic equivalent circuit models for MSIM feeded by MPI controlled by SVPWM strategy to minimise circulation harmonic current

This article deals with the determination of the multi-stars induction machine (MSIM) equivalent circuit parameters based on the geometrical and electrical data using two methods namely analytic and finite element method (FEM). Additionally, this paper proposes a general dynamic study of MSIM. This latter is fed by a multi-phase inverter (MPI) controlled by a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). However, when this machine is fed by the voltage inverter for the case of 30° electrical shift between stator stars, large harmonic currents are observed. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to reduce the effect of these harmonic currents. Therefore, to overcome these issues, the machine stars number has been increased to three and four and the inverter has been controlled by the SVPWM. The effectiveness of this association and its capability to reduce the effect of the output harmonic current and electromagnetic torque ripple has been proved by simulation results.