Shadow Work Research Articles

Autohistoria-teoría

Autohistoria-teoría

맥도날디제이션 관점에서 본 SST 사용자의 그림자 노동

맥도날디제이션 관점에서 본 SST 사용자의 그림자 노동

디지털 기술 환경에서의 그림자 노동 메커니즘 규명 연구

오늘날 디지털 기술의 발전으로 개인은 자동화되고 지능화된 디지털 서비스를 누리고 있으나, 한편으로는 비자발적 디지털 그림자 노동이라 일컫는 불필요한 노력을 수반하고 있는 것도 사실이다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 디지털 기술 이용에 따라 파생된 사용자의 그림자 노동이 어떻게 발생되고 전개되는지를 규명하고자 한다. 구체적으로, 본 연구에서는 애플리케이션의 비밀번호 변경, 소프트웨어 업데이트 환경과 스팸메일 삭제와 같은 비자발적 디지털 기술 환경 맥락에서 사용자의 그림자 노동이 어떻게 발생하고 전개되는지를 살펴보는데 목적을 두고 있다.<BR>본 연구에서는 총 12명의 응답자들을 대상으로 인터뷰를 진행하였고, 근거이론방법을 활용하여 69개의 코드를 추출하였으며, 유사한 개념간의 통합과정을 거쳐 6개의 주요 범주를 제시하였다. 자료 분석결과, 사용자의 그림자 노동은 ‘그림자 노동에 대한 필요성 인식’, ‘행동의도에 대한 의사결정’, 그리고 ‘디지털 그림자 노동 행동완수’라는 일련의 과정에서 이루어짐을 발견하였다. 더불어 그림자 노동의 형성과정에서는 ‘해야 할 일에 대한 지각정도’, ‘디지털 그림자 노동에 대한 인지적 노력정도’, ‘디지털 기술 관리방식 고수 정도’에 따라 그림자 노동에 대한 의사결정이 달라질 수 있으며, 이 과정에서 그림자 노동 수행에 대한 의사결정을 받아들이지 않을 경우,‘디지털 그림자 노동수행에 대한 부정적 태도’나 ‘디지털 그림자 노동을 하지 않았을 때 발생하는 현상에 대한 태도’로 연결됨을 확인하였다.<BR>본 연구는 근거이론방법을 활용하여 사용자의 그림자 노동 형성 메커니즘을 제안함으로써 학문적으로 디지털 그림자 노동에 대한 이해의 폭을 확장하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 디지털 그림자 노동이 경영관리 측면에서 고려해야 할 사항임을 부각시켰다는 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다.

Becoming Research With Shadow Work: Combining Artful Inquiry With Research-Creation

The authors explore different wonderings to illustrate some possible ways in which postqualitative inquiry and scholarship is becoming and shaping the lives of scholars. To do this, we draw from previous work in arts-influenced inquiry and make connections with arts-based research and “research-creation” to explore how researchers can generate possibilities and becoming through the process of creating art in a purposefully relational manner. In these creations, our becomings intersect with shadow-philosophy, each other, and event happenings we conducted with postqualitative researchers. Rather than conceptually discussing various forms of postqualitative inquiry, we attempt to practice it. In this way, we use arts-inspired research to explore intersections between research and creation. These types of relational encounters produce thinking and materials which belong to life, senses, and affect, and could have a (scholarly) life of their own.

Community Art as Shadow Work

Ever Upward . lives as representative of the neighborhood’s collective unconscious. If it were to suddenly vanish, the landscape would hurt. Lost would be the positive psychic energy that the neighborhood created together.

Shadow work for leadership development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand upon scholarship exploring the application of Jungian psychological concepts to leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper in which Jungian shadow is explored as a potential bridge between the simplistic conceptualization of good and bad leadership.FindingsThe importance of shadow work to leadership development is explored and activities for shadow work are provided.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this paper is not an empirical study, it does not present research information, propositions or hypotheses.Originality/valueThe paper presents a clear and accessible introduction to Jungian psychology and suggests practical exercises for incorporating shadow work into leadership development.

Развитие постсоветского аграрного сектора и поляризация сельского пространства европейской части России

The article uses polyscale approach to expand on the specifics of the contemporary spatial organization of agriculture based on the example of the European Russia, its center, Yaroslavl Oblast, and separate municipalities. The study reveals the following trends: the resurrection of agriculture after 1990s crisis caused mainly by industrial agricultural production and expansion of agro-holdings; in many regions, especially in the Non-Chernozem region, it happened sporadically when abandoning vast agricultural lands; recovery was accompanied by ‘moving’ production to regions rich in resources or labor and closer to consumers; increasing polarization along the ‘North – South’ and ‘Suburb – Periphery’ scales. The growth of vertically integrated structures in the agro-industrial sector has improved food security in the cities, but adversely affected the countryside. This led to strong polarization, fragmentation of rural space and increasing out-migration of people from the economically failing regions. The development of innovative centers went hand in hand with the expansion of economically depressive and archaic countryside, characterized by long-term unemployment, during which even the loss of usual sources wasn’t followed by the resurgence of small private enterprises. Labor became the key for both small and large businesses. The rural population adapted to unemployment and poverty through shadow work, including othodnichestvo (temporary labor migration) and semi-subsistence economy, not through development of farming. Economy fueled by the ‘dachas’, while might slow down social desertion, cannot solve the issue of polarizing rural space

Organizational and economic features of the functioning of small enterprises of the forest sector of economics and the causes of strengthening the deformation of enterprise activity

In modern Russian conditions of economic management, it is important to analyze deformations in the development of small business in those sectors of the economy that are strategically important for the development of the economy of the whole country. So, for Russia strategic resources, determining the vector of development of its economy, among others are forestry. This is due to the fact that Russia is the world's largest country with forest resources. It ranks first in the world in terms of forest area and the volume of timber reserves. In addition, the development of entrepreneurship in forestry, including small business, is the most problematic in the current economic conditions. Due to the specific scope and the lack of financial capacity of small businesses in this sector demonstrates the lack of effectiveness in its development, which is reflected in the increase in arrears to the budgets of all levels, increasing the size of the shadow work and others. The results of the survey of small business leaders revealed that businesses can to lead a part of the activity into the shadow, first of all, with the goal of reducing costs. According to the estimates of the World Wide Fund for Nature, the extent of deforestation in the informal sector in Russia is more than 30%, and in the surplus regions up to 59-70%. According to expert estimates, federal and regional budgets are losing every year in this connection from 1 to 1.5 billion rubles. forest payments. The reasons for the deforming activities in small business are inadequate state, legal and economic policies and the lack of effective measures to support small business. This necessitates a more careful study of the implemented instruments of state support for small business in the forest sector of the economy, taking into account the currently existing factors of business deformation.

Quantifying Configuration-Sampling Error in Langevin Simulations of Complex Molecular Systems.

While Langevin integrators are popular in the study of equilibrium properties of complex systems, it is challenging to estimate the timestep-induced discretization error: the degree to which the sampled phase-space or configuration-space probability density departs from the desired target density due to the use of a finite integration timestep. Sivak et al., introduced a convenient approach to approximating a natural measure of error between the sampled density and the target equilibrium density, the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, in phase space, but did not specifically address the issue of configuration-space properties, which are much more commonly of interest in molecular simulations. Here, we introduce a variant of this near-equilibrium estimator capable of measuring the error in the configuration-space marginal density, validating it against a complex but exact nested Monte Carlo estimator to show that it reproduces the KL divergence with high fidelity. To illustrate its utility, we employ this new near-equilibrium estimator to assess a claim that a recently proposed Langevin integrator introduces extremely small configuration-space density errors up to the stability limit at no extra computational expense. Finally, we show how this approach to quantifying sampling bias can be applied to a wide variety of stochastic integrators by following a straightforward procedure to compute the appropriate shadow work, and describe how it can be extended to quantify the error in arbitrary marginal or conditional distributions of interest.

Transitions between Housing States among Urban Homeless Adults: a Bayesian Markov Model.

The purpose of this study is to explore how marginalization, substance abuse, and service utilization influence the transitions between streets, shelters, and housed states over the course of 2years in a population of urban homeless adults. Survey responses from three yearly interviews of 400 homeless adults were matched with administrative services data collected from regional health, mental health, and housing service providers. To estimate the rates of transition between housed, street, and shelter status, a multi-state Markov model was developed within a Bayesian framework. These transition rates were then regressed on a set of independent variables measuring demographics, marginalization, substance abuse, and service utilization. Transitions from housing to shelters or streets were associated with not being from the local area, not having friends or family to count on, and unemployment. Pending charges and a recent history of being robbed were associated with the shelters-to-streets transition. Remaining on the streets was uniquely associated with engagement in "shadow work" and, surprisingly, a high use of routine services. These findings paint a picture of unique and separate processes for different types of housing transitions. These results reinforce the importance of focusing interventions on the needs of these unique housing transitions, paying particular attention to prior housing patterns, substance abuse, and the different ways that homeless adults are marginalized in our society.

Expanding Beyond Public and Private Realities: Evoking Anzaldúan Autohistoria-teoría in Two Voices

In two voices, we evoke an Anzaldúan framing of autoethnography, or what Anzaldúa named autohistoria-teoría, to investigate our engagement in difficult conversations about current political events at home and at school. More than writing self into existence, autohistoria-teoría represents hybridized creativity and bridge building that uses life stories to generate innovative insights and theories. We see this work as deeply excavatory shadow work: delving into dark, painful parts of our memories, trauma, and identities. In addition, we expand our consciousness beyond the physical realm to draw strength and inspiration while avoiding the trappings of binaried discourses. Such expansive awareness compels us to think of activism in imaginative ways that integrate self-care and collective healing of traumatic wounds. Juxtaposing risky narratives against the political landscape, we invite others to become risk takers and expand possibilities for justice and liberation.

イノセンスと で「優等生」の不登校を読み直す : 「優等生の息切れ」言説の批判的再検討

イノセンスと で「優等生」の不登校を読み直す : 「優等生の息切れ」言説の批判的再検討

Walking through the Dark Forest: Embodied Literacies for Shadow Work in Higher Education and Beyond

Drawing on Anzaldúan approaches to conducting shadow work, in this paper I utilize an abbreviated form of autohistoria-teoría to demonstrate the various ways in which I have cultivated literacies or modes of intelligibilities for meeting the dark, disowned, scary, and painful parts of our memories and experiences. Such literacies have been especially necessary for navigating higher education in the U.S. as a South Asian Brown woman. Using various shadow work literacies such as ethnodrama, poems, a letter to my child-self, dream work, and contemplative mixed media painting, I highlight how possibilities for healing and well-being can be created while working in higher education and engaging in social justice work.

Beyond the marginalization thesis

Purpose– Grounded in an emergent recognition that those people in formal employment conduct the vast majority of work in the shadow economy, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate for the first time the degree to which shadow work is conducted by those in formal jobs and the characteristics of those in formal employment who participate in the shadow economy.Design/methodology/approach– To do this, the authors report a 2007 survey of participation in the shadow economy involving 26,659 face-to-face interviews conducted in 27 European Union (EU) member states.Findings– The finding is that in the EU, the formally employed undertake a disproportionate share of work in the shadow economy. Analysing the characteristics of the employed most likely to work in the shadow economy, however, it is those who benefit least from the formal economy, namely, younger unmarried men and on lower incomes living in rural areas, working in the construction sector and in small firms.Research limitations/implications– The outcome is a tentative call for recognition that although people in formal employment conduct the vast majority of work in the shadow economy, these are mostly particular vulnerable and weaker groups of the formally employed. Whether similar findings prevail at other spatial scales and in other global regions now needs investigating.Practical implications– This survey displays the need for policy not to target the unemployed but particular groups of the formally employed.Originality/value– The first extensive evaluation of the extent to which shadow work is conducted by those in formal jobs and the characteristics of those in formal employment who participate in the shadow economy.

Independent Review of Retirement Income: Consultation

On 29 May 2014, Rachel Reeves MP, the Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary, launched an Independent Review of Retirement Income to look at how to boost defined contribution (DC) savers’ retirement income. This review is led by Professor David Blake, Director of the Pensions Institute, with Professor Debbie Harrison of the Pensions Institute as a senior consultant.

Jobless Recovery or Ever-More Joblessness?

Jobless recovery or ever-more joblessness? George Ritzer reviews Shadow Work and Rise of the Robots.

Anima and Psychic Fragmentation in Olive Schreiner's &lt;i&gt; The Story of an African Farm&lt;/i&gt;

This essay argues that Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm, a novel based on autobiographical fragments, depicts an all-pervasive psychic fragmentation with respect to the unconscious. In particular, two Jungian systems - the Kore and the stages of eroticism - reveal the characters' psychic fragmentation with respect to the anima. Among the novel's male characters, Waldo Farber and Gregory Nazianzen Rose receive detailed analysis, especially with regard to the anima's maternal aspect. Waldo is associated with the maternal through his creation over two nine-month periods of a sheep-shearing machine and a burial post. Also, his attraction to the primitive and his shadow work with other men precede and enable his interest in marrying Lyndall. Gregory, though his relationship to the anima is complicated by cross-dressing, achieves a motherly Christ-like orientation as Lyndall's nurse. His name alludes to Saint Gregory Nazianzen, whose theological positions point affirmatively toward individuation, wholeness, and unity. But while both young men make some progress, neither properly overcomes his psychic fragmentation to achieve an ideal contra-sexual relationship. As the novel closes, significant individuation remains a far-off destination.

Hemingway’s Francis Macomber in “God’s Country”

In 1925−26, C. G. Jung’s Bugishu Psychological Expedition journeyed through Kenya, the setting of Ernest Hemingway’s “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.” Although the two authors went to Africa for vastly different reasons,Jung’s insights into the personal and collective unconscious, along with the discoveries he made while there, provide a lens through which to complement previous Freudian and Lacanian studies of the story. Francis, a puer aeternus andintroverted thinker, overcomes his initial mother complex by doing shadow work with his hunting guide, Robert Wilson. As the story progresses, Francis makes the unconscious more conscious through dreaming and then connects with thearchaic/primordial man buried deeply below his modern civilized persona. The essay thus resolves two long-standing critical cruxes: the title character makes genuine psychological progress; and his wife, whether she shoots at the buffalo orat him, targets primordial masculine strength.

Numerical Langevin Simulations: Equilibrium Dynamics and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics

Stochastic differential equations of motion (e.g., Langevin dynamics) provide a popular framework for simulating molecular systems. Any computational algorithm must discretize these equations, yet the resulting finite time step integration schemes suffer from several practical shortcomings: for example, equilibrium dynamical properties diverge from those of the continuous equations of motion; path-sampling applications are impeded by a path action that is either unknown or cumbersome; and thermodynamic statistics of driven systems are skewed, leading to biased inference using recently-developed nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems. We show how any finite time step Langevin integrator, even with a time-independent Hamiltonian, can be thought of as a driven, nonequilibrium physical process. Once an appropriate work-like quantity (the shadow work) is defined, nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems can characterize or correct for the errors introduced by the use of finite time steps. In particular, we demonstrate that amending estimators based on nonequilibrium work theorems to include this shadow work removes the time step dependent error from estimates of free energies. We also quantify, for the first time, the magnitude of deviations between the sampled stationary distribution and the desired equilibrium distribution for equilibrium Langevin simulations of solvated systems of varying size. What is more, we show that the incorporation of a novel time step rescaling in the deterministic updates of position and velocity can correct a number of dynamical defects in these integrators. Finally, we identify a particular splitting that has essentially universally appropriate properties for the simulation of Langevin dynamics for molecular systems in equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and path sampling contexts.

Evaluating Competing Theories of the Shadow Economy: Some Lessons from an English Locality

This paper evaluates critically the contrasting theories of the nature of the shadow economy that variously read this sector as a leftover of pre-capitalism, a by-product of a new emergent form of capitalism, a complement to formal employment or an alternative to the formal economy. Until now, the common tendency has been to either universally privilege one theorisation over the others, or to portray each as appropriate in different places. Reporting data collected through face-to-face interviews with 120 households in an English locality, namely Bassetlaw in North Nottinghamshire, however, the finding is that in this locality each theory is a valid representation of particular types of shadow work, and that only by combining and using them all is it possible to achieve a finer-grained and more comprehensive understanding of the complex and diverse nature of the shadow economy. The paper concludes by outlining how to integrate these contrasting theorisations in a manner that enables the development of a multi-layered and nuanced understanding of the multifarious nature of the shadow economy.