Land Settlement Research Articles

Spatio-temporal variation on land use and land cover and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract The study sought to understand the spatio-temporal variation of land use and land cover (LULC) and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho district, in Ethiopia’s Central Highlands. To gain a better comprehension of the subject, two micro watersheds were chosen to test the effectiveness of watershed management activities (treated-Shankur Tareqo and untreated-Mende Tufessa). LULC changes were detected using aerial photography (1973), and satellite images from Landsat 5 TM (1990), Spot 5 (2005), and Landsat 8 OLI (2021) obtained from the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute and the United States Geological Survey. In addition, key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to elicit LULC drivers. Between 1973 and 2021, the total area of woodland, and cultivated and rural settlement land LULC classes in the treated micro-watershed decreased by 24.65% (171.9 ha) and 7.34% (759 ha), respectively. Though, grassland, forestland, and barrenland increased by 30.83% (179.52 ha), 1% (3 ha), and 183.14% (755.28 ha), respectively. The overall area of LULC class for woodland, grassland, forestland, and cultivated and rural settlement decreased by 50.36% (316.16 ha), 41.23% (196.46 ha), 2.43% (11.85 ha), and 1.35% (138.6 ha), respectively, in the untreated micro-watershed, while barrenland increased by 175.86% (666.55 ha). According to KII and FGD, the drivers of LULC changes were identified as the expansion of cultivated land, population pressure, and government policy. According to the findings, local-scale watershed management activities was not as effective as expected. As a result, in order to achieve the desired outcome, the concerned stakeholders should reconsider how watershed management activities is undertaken.

Spatial Study of Land Cover Changes and Land Surface Temperature in Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia

The increase in the built-up area in the Jakarta and its surrounding area influences the surrounding area so that there is the propagation of the built-up area and an increase in ground surface temperature. This study aims to analyze the pattern of land cover and land surface temperature in 2004, 2012, and 2020, identify the relationship between NDBI, NDVI, and land surface temperature, and predict land cover and land surface temperature in 2028 in Bekasi Regency. The method used is statistical analysis and prediction analysis with MLP-MC. The results are that the ground surface temperature increase occurred in Bekasi Regency from 2004 – 2020. The increase occurred in the types of built-up land cover such as settlements, industry, and roads. The biggest land cover change occurred in rice fields into settlements. From the statistical results, the mean land surface temperature, settlement land cover, industry, and roads also experienced an increase in temperature. NDBI can be positively correlated with land surface temperature, while NDVI is negatively correlated. In 2028, there will be an increase in the settlement area, which also results in a decrease in the areas of rice fields. This also has an impact on increasing the temperature of the land surface in the area that is experiencing changes.

Ethnic Cleansing of the XVth–XVIIth Centuries in Eastern Ukraine Territories (On the Issue of Sources of Rashist Praxis)

The article deals with how Muscovy, in the XVth – early to mid-XVIIth centuries, changed the ethnic composition of the Siverian Lands and the Upper Oka Principalities – the then eastern territories of Rus-Ukraine – due to large-scale ethnic cleansing and their subsequent settlement by Muscovites. It is shown how, in the course of expansionist practices at the dawn of the Russian Empire formation, modern methods of hybrid war arose, with its propaganda, seizure of territories, looting, extermination and deportation of people. There is an analysis of the insufficiently researched events of the late XVth to early XVIIth centuries in eastern Rus-Ukraine, in the Siverian Lands and on its eastern border – in the Upper Oka Principalities. These territories, which, along with other Ukrainian lands, previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and were occupied by Muscovy in the course of two wars, were inhabited by Sevryuks and minor communities – Mtsenskians, Lyubuchans, Kozelskians and others. The article’s task is to trace the rhetoric of Moscow’s ruling circles with regard to substantiating the imperial expansion, as well as to study actions of the conquerors from the point of view of identifying their ethnic component, including ethnic cleansing carried out by them. Sources of the study are ambassadorial documents, chronicles, memoirs and diaries of foreigners. Methodology of this historical and anthropological investigation includes achievements of scholars in studying ethnocentric conceptions (Justin Stagl, Anthony Smith, Oleksiy Tolochko) and the behavior of war people in pre-modern times (Philippe Contamine, Natalia Yakovenko). Result. During Muscovite-Lithuanian wars, with the first of which (1486–1494) undeclared, Moscow, for justifying its actions, widely used extensively deception and information sabotage (accusations of intimidating Orthodoxy, etc.), statements about the alleged patrimonial right to the former Ancient Rus lands. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the conquerors and the local population, in which the own-alien contraposition is displayed. Attention is drawn to the cruel, even for the Middle Ages, Muscovite practices in relation to aborigines: looting, terror, murders, taking prisoners, and even enticement of local princes to their side, annexation and colonization of lands. During the second war (1500–1503), only the lands of the princes, whom Moscow lured to its side by lavish promises and deception, escaped plunder. After the annexation of Sivershchyna, Muscovites started to populate these territories on a mass scale, which, along with the oppression of autochthons, caused dissatisfaction among the latter. Attention is also drawn to the peculiar separatism of Sevryuks, who, during the Time of Troubles in Muscovy in the early XVIIth century, have given support to False Dmitrys, chieftain Bolotnikov and other impostors. To this, Moscow authorities responded with brutal terror, in the course of which the rebels were dealt with in the most terrible way. It resulted in devastation of Sivershchyna, while the remains of aboriginal population were assimilated. Conclusion. The comparison between Russia’s expansionist practices of today and five-to-three hundred years ago, including the great-power demagogy of Russian rulers, as justification for conquest, as well as the predatory behavior of Russian subjects, demonstrates a significant similarity. This indicates that the emergence of the current ideology of Rashism and Rashist practices goes back to old times, when the future Russian Empire just began to come into being.

Implementasi Program Pembangunan Rumah Sederhana Sehat pada Kelurahan Parung Serab di Kecamatan Ciledug Kota Tangerang

To support the “Tangerang Berbenah” and Government programs through: this program is to accelerate poverty reduction by fulfilling basic rights, reducing the burden of life, and improving the quality of life of underprivileged people by helping people have livable houses. The purpose of this study is to determine the Implementation of the Healthy Simple House Construction Program (PRSS) in Parung Serab Village in Ciledug District, Tangerang City by using indicators of the theoretical policy implementation model from George C. Edward III. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection are carried out by means of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the research in the Communication indicators have been good and effective between the Housing, Settlement land Office, BKM /Urban Village and the community, resource indicators are still inadequate due to insufficient budget resources. The Disposition Indicators have gone well as well as the good attitude shown by the implementers. The bureaucratic structure in the division of responsibilities carried out starting from the Urban Village, BKM Parung Serab Village and Housing, Settlement land Office of The Tangerang City is well carried out, based on clear and systematic SOP.

Implementasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Melalui Mediasi Oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan

This article aims to analyze land problems that arise from economic, social and cultural aspects and even religion. For this reason, the issue of non-litigation land dispute resolution, especially mediation, is very interesting. The research method used is applied law research which combines two normative-empirical legal studies. The starting point of this research itself departs from the problem of typology of land disputes in the city of Medan and the resolution of land disputes through mediation by the Medan City Land Office as well as obstacles in resolving land disputes through mediation at the Medan City Land Office? The results showed: First, the typology of land disputes that occurred in the city of Medan was based on problems, land tenure and ownership, procedures for determining land rights and registration, boundaries and/or location of land parcels, land reform objects, land acquisition, and implementation of court decisions; Second, the settlement of land disputes through mediation by the Medan City Land Office based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning No. 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases is related to the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2007 concerning Technical Guidelines for Handling and Settlement of Land Problems Jo. Technical Instructions No. 05/Juknis/d.v/2007 concerning Mechanism for Implementation of Mediation; Third, the obstacles in resolving land disputes through mediation at the Medan City Land Office can be seen from the aspects, legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. The results of the study reveal that there is a need for improvement in laws and regulations related to the formation of legal rules that guide the implementation of land dispute resolution through integral and comprehensive mediation and human resources (peace maintenance). legal culture in increasing public legal awareness.

Spatiotemporal Characterization and Analysis of River Morphology Using Long-Term Landsat Imagery and Stream Power

Meandering rivers are among the most dynamic Earth-surface systems, which generally appear in fertile valleys, the most valuable lands for agriculture and human settlement. Landsat time series and morphological parameters are complementary tools for exploring river dynamics. Karun River is the most effluent and largest meandering river in Iran, which keeps the Karun’s basin economy, agriculture, and industrial sections alive; hence, investigating morphological changes in this river is essential. The morphological characteristics of Karun have undergone considerable changes over time due to several tectonic, hydrological, hydraulic, and anthropogenic factors. This study has identified and analyzed morphological changes in Karun River using a time series of Landsat imagery from 1985–2015. On that basis, morphological dynamics, including the river’s active channel width, meander’s neck length, water flow length, sinuosity index, and Cornice central angle, were quantitatively investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the stream power and morphological factors was explored using the data adopted from the hydrometric stations. The results show that the dominant pattern of the Karun River, due to the sinuosity coefficient, is meandering, and the majority of the river falls in the category of developed meander rivers. Moreover, the number of arteries reduced in an anabranch pattern, and the river has been migrating towards the downstream and eastern sides since 1985. This phenomenon disposes a change in the future that can be hazardous to the croplands and demands specific considerations for catchment management.

Characteristics and Driving Forces of Symbiosis between Production Land and Living Land in Rural Settlement: Evidence from Shanxi Province, China

Rural settlements are the carrier of farmers’ life and rural industries. This paper introduces symbiosis theory to construct an analytical framework for the symbiosis between production land and living land in rural settlements, taking three villages in Shanxi, China as examples (secondary industry-led: Tian Village, tourism-led: Shuiyukou Village, multi-industry integration: Jiling Village). The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the compatibility and coupling coordination degree between production land and living land in Tian Village increased; the compatibility degree between production land and living land in Shuiyukou Village decreased slightly, and the coupling coordination increased significantly. In Jiling Village, the compatibility between production land and living land decreased, and the coupling coordination showed an increasing trend. (2) From 2010 to 2020, the degree of symbiosis between production land and living land in the three Villages both showed an increasing trend, and the growth of symbiosis degree was mainly caused by the growth of coupling coordination. (3) In 2010–2015 and 2015–2020, the symbiotic growth between production land and living land in Tian Village was driven by farmers’ demand and social economy, respectively. The dominant driving factor for Shuiyukou Village in these two periods was resource endowment. Jiling Village was driven by social economy and regional policies, respectively. This work can provide scientific support for the practical adjustment of land use structure and the reconstruction of rural settlements in China.

New evidence for an Anatolian bridge: Colonization of Euromediterranean lands by cave-adapted Plusiocampinae (Diplura, Campodeidae), with establishment of a new genus

A new genus of Plusiocampinae (Diplura, Campodeidae), Anatoliacampa diclensis Sendra, Tusun & Satar gen. et sp. nov., is described from specimens found in the Southeastern Anatolian Peninsula in Dicle cave (Bozaba village, Dicle district, Diyarbakır province, Turkey). Based on its morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the new taxon undoubtedly belongs to the well-established subfamily Plusiocampinae and occupies, like most species of the subfamily, cave habitats. Anatoliacampa diclensis has two important features: its unique pretarsus and the abundant distribution of urosternal macrosetae. The finding of this new taxon is of high palaeogeographic interest, as it provides new evidence for establishing Anatolia as a land bridge for the colonization of the Euro-Mediterranean lands by cave-adapted Plusiocampinae and their few soil-dwelling relatives.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN KONFLIK LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT

The province of South Sumatra is one of the largest palm oil producers in Indonesia. Oil palm plantations in South Sumatra are spread over several regencies and cities, one of which is Banyuasin Regency. This potential encourages the Banyuasin district government to attract entrepreneurs to do business in the field of oil palm plantations and to build oil palm factories, especially in Gasing Village, Banyuasin Regency. On the other hand, oil palm plantation business activities in Gasing Village, Banyuasin Regency also have a negative impact, namely the occurrence of conflicts between the community and the company, namely conflicts over the legality of land ownership. The area of the problematic land is 110 hectares where there are several residents who claim that this 110 hectares of land is theirs. The method used is a qualitative research method. Data obtained through direct observation and interviews. The results show that the settlement of land disputes related to oil palm plantations has not been smooth and optimal because there are a number of obstacles although in the end it can be resolved. Recommendations from this research are socialization, creation of discussion forums on land/land protection, and education conducted by BPN. Keywords: Rolle of Village Government, Conflict, Oil Palm Plantation.

Analysis of the Carrying Capacity of Settlement Land in Tamanggung District

Tamanggung District is an area development that has characteristics of agricultural land use. The development of Tamanggung District indirectly has an influence on the population and the need for residential land. This sub-district is growing very fast due to strategic area conditions, good infrastructure, adequate facilities and easy accessibility. The creation of good infrastructure tends to have an impact on increasing activity and space density. The development of settlements in Tamanggung District occurs rapidly without being matched by an increase in basic service facilities. The development of settlements causes an increase in building density (building disinfection). The density of this building causes pressure on residential land and it is feared that it can exceed the carrying capacity limit. The purpose of this study is to calculate the carrying capacity of residential land in Tamanggung District and calculate the optimal population carrying capacity of settlements. The results of the study of the carrying capacity of residential land in Tamanggung District still have land large enough to accommodate the existing population of 4 (four) times the current population. Based on the provisions of the carrying capacity of land for settlements, the DDPm of Tamanggung District is included in the category of DDP> 1 which indicates that the Tamanggung District is able to accommodate residents to live. Based on the results obtained from the calculation of the carrying capacity of residential land in Tamanggung District, if the population increases 4 times from the current population, which is 319,024 people, the available land is still able to accommodate residents in the Tamanggung District area.The content of the abstract, between 150-200 words, just one paragraph. Apparently, for the sake of simplicity, use the same language you use in your writing. Use the Abstract Fill style for this format. If you use this template correctly, all numbering will be generated automatically. So you don't need to edit it manually. Of course, if you create a section of this paper that requires numbering after this template, that number will be followed by the existing section number. Again you don't need to edit the part numbers, because if the contents of this template are deleted, the numbers will be sorted automatically. If you want to try deleting the contents of this template, please backup it first.

Reconstruction of Rural Settlement Patterns in China: The Role of Land Consolidation

Taking the supplement of the quantity and quality of cultivated land in rural settlements as the departure point, this paper discusses the spatial and temporal integration reconstruction method of rural settlements. The disorderly expansion of residential areas in Pinggu District, Beijing, China has led to the erosion of high-quality cultivated land in the region and the advantages of mountain resources have not been fully utilized in this area. Therefore, Pinggu District was selected as the research area. Using the spatial analysis function in GIS, this paper uses the comprehensive correction method of the per capita construction land standard and the neighborhood substitution method to analyze the quantitative potential of rural settlements to supplement cultivated land and the qualitative grade of cultivated land after arrangement. A combination of exclusion matrices are employed to identify the spatial and temporal arrangements of rural settlements. The research shows that the effective cultivated land area of rural settlements in Pinggu District is 514.24 ha, and the coefficient of increasing cultivated land is 9.25%. Rural residential areas in the district are divided into priority sorting area, key sorting area, moderate sorting area, and restricted sorting area; they account for 18.13%, 21.10%, 20.85%, and 39.93% of the total area, respectively. According to the regional characteristics and dominant factor of the different consolidation areas, corresponding consolidation goals, models, and engineering measures are proposed to enrich the theory and approach to village planning and to provide a reference for practitioners engaged in regional rural land consolidation. The innovation of this study is putting forward the consolidation objectives, models and engineering measures based on the regional characteristics and leading factors of different land consolidation areas. This study has reference significance for the formulation and implementation of regional rural settlements consolidation planning and the policy of increasing and decreasing urban and rural construction land.

Spatio-temporal pattern and allocation efficiency of public service land in rural settlements

The construction of infrastructure and public services is the core of countryside planning. As the carrier of rural public services, the evolutionary pattern and efficiency of rural public service land (RPSL) can directly reflect the development of rural public services. However, existing studies have mainly characterized public service space through the number of public service facilities rather than the area of land occupied. Furthermore, research on public service land in rural settlements is lacking. Taking 273 villages in the Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, this article integrated multi-dimensional data, including geospatial data, big data, and socio-economic data, to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of RPSL from 2004 to 2019. The bi-dimensional allocation efficiency index addressing qualitative and quantitative development was introduced to measure the allocation efficiency of RPSL. The results show that the area of RPSL in Pinggu District has increased by 57.28 ha, and the internal land use structure of RPSL has become balanced. The evolution pattern of RPSL was characterized by both agglomeration and dispersion, as well as by a significant tendency to expand along main roads. The uneven distribution of public service facilities and the significant differences in accessibility reflected the non-equalization of public services. The allocation efficiency of RPSL in 79.23% of the villages was at a low level, which is mainly due to the mismatch between the rural public service land area and the population, the non-differentiated allocation of public service facilities, the uneven public service quality, and the low accessibility of RPSL. In the future, policymakers should plan rural public service land rationally from the perspective of the actual situation, such as setting flexible indicators, building a living circle of rural settlements, and so on. This research will not only enrich the research perspective of rural public services but also provide a reference for the study on the utilization and optimization of rural settlements.

Land use change and baseflow recession modelling in Wuryantoro Watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia

Hydrological phenomena on the scale of a watershed are complex and may never be understood holistically. One of the innovations in baseflow hydrological modelling is the analysis of the baseflow recession curve, generally expressed as the natural storage of river flows and containing valuable information about the properties and characteristics of natural aquifer storage. This study aims to model land use change and baseflow recession in the Wuryantoro watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research method uses an exponential model in which changes in the characteristics of a baseflow recession are a function of land use changes over a certain period. The calibration of the seven graphical models of land use change against the characteristics of the baseflow recession shows that the seven curves of the land use change graphic model have model coefficients and curve slopes that vary from gentle to steep. The slope of the gentle and steep curve describes the bottom flow deposits' condition over time. The state of water storage in the seven better graphical models is that the change of forest remains forest followed by the change of agriculture into the forest, forest into the settlement, change of agricultural land into the settlement, change of forest to agricultural land, settlement remains settlement and change of agricultural land remains agrarian land.

A regional model to predict the occurrence of natural events: Application to phytoplankton blooms in continental waterbodies

There are significant social, economic and environmental costs related to phytoplankton blooms, particularly when they are dominated by cyanobacteria. However, the climatic, physiographic and morphological drivers involved in bloom phenology create complex spatiotemporal patterns in biomass and taxonomic composition, making monitoring and forecasting challenging. This complexity also limits the ability of process-based algorithms to model bloom phenology. Stochastic approaches and predictive modelling are valuable risk management tools for natural events. This paper presents a novel model to estimate the conditional density of phytoplankton blooms based on environmental covariates, namely the physiography and climate descriptors of lake watersheds. The goal was to provide a tool to project future scenarios of bloom phenology in response to climate change and anthropogenic developments, and to test the efficiency of mitigating approaches. Specifically, we developed a non-stationary regional model to estimate the probability of bloom occurrence in 580 lakes in Quebec, Canada, and to study the impact of physiographic or climate changes over our reference period and future horizons. Results show that the regional model is more precise and accurate than local models, which are usually used in frequency analyses of extreme values. Simulations conducted for different climatic and physiographic scenarios on the watershed of Lake Brome indicate a 65% increase in bloom frequency on the horizon of years 2080–2100. The model also evaluates the effects of different environmental disturbances on bloom phenology, such as agriculture or settlement increase in the watershed. Disturbance case studies were carried out on lakes with different trophic levels, physiographic and climatic characteristics. Simulations indicate that bloom frequency in a highly urbanized meso-eutrophic lake (Lake Brome) and a eutrophic lake with a watershed dominated by agriculture (Missisquoi Bay) would be more responsive to changes in climate rather than land cover, although physiographic disturbances would still generate considerable effects. A meso-eutrophic lake with a watershed dominated by forest (Lake Aylmer) would neither respond to increases in agriculture nor settlement but would be most affected by increases in degree days. Another scenario focused on a highly forested oligo-mesotrophic lake (Lake St. Jean). Bloom phenology in this lake was most affected by disturbances in agriculture or settlement land use. Overall, these results suggest that lakes with a high level of eutrophication are the least responsive to the pressures resulting from land cover changes.

Analysis of Land Cover Change and Projection of Settlement Land in Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency

The relocation of the capital city of Indonesia to Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan will have an impact on all existing aspects. Land cover in Sepaku District has decreased from year to year. The area of vegetated land cover in Sepaku District is assumed to be decreasing due to the relocation of the New Capital City (NCC) to the area, which will have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of land cover change in Sepaku District and discuss how the condition of land cover in Sepaku District after the construction of the New Capital City (NCC). The method in this study uses GIS (Geographical Information System) analysis and descriptive analysis. The data used are land cover data from 2009 to 2019 to find out changes in land cover and population data from BPS to project the population. Based on the results of the analysis of land cover data from 2009 to 2019 there was a change from scrubland to industrial forest plantations of around 26000 ha. In addition, there was no significant change in the area of built-up land. However, the results of population projections show that Sepaku Sub-district will experience a significant increase in built-up land cover after the construction of the New Capital City (NCC).

Land and Conflict in Balovpur Village: The Role of Land Mediation

Because of changes in some underlying factors, the land is increasingly becoming a source of conflict in rural areas of Bangladesh. One of the greatest issues Bangladesh is currently facing is the resolution of land disputes, which are causing endless difficulty in the lives of a significant percentage of the people. It adds to the already overburdened judiciary's caseload. Resolution of property disputes in Bangladesh is exceedingly difficult, laborious, long, and exorbitant due to a weak legal structure, delay in judiciary land arbitral proceedings, and rampant corruption in land administration. This Study examines the numerous types of landrelated conflicts that exist in Boluvpur village in Cumilla district, to highlight the legal concerns and obstacles that arise in their resolution. The research is conducted through primary and secondary data sources and primary data collected by interviews and mixed questionnaires. The author contends that to solve legal concerns in the settlement of land disputes regarding villages, the outdated land-uses planning system would require fundamental revisions and provide more recommendations.

Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Its Implication On Natural Resources of the Dedo Watershed, Southwest Ethiopia.

This study analyzed the land use/land cover (LULC) change and their causes and implications on the natural resources of the Dedo Watershed, Ethiopia. The study used 1984, 2000, and 2017 satellite images to detect the trends of land use/land cover change. Moreover, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to identify the driving forces linked to the changes and their impact on the natural resources of the watershed. The study identified five LULC types as follows: cultivation, settlement, dense forest, light vegetation, and grassland. Over the last 33 years, cultivation and settlement land expanded by 15.7% and 0.34%, whereas dense forest, light vegetation, and grazing land declined by 9.2%, 4.97%, and 1.85%, respectively. The establishment of the resettlement program and population pressure and associated demands were the major driving forces behind the land use/cover change. Whereas increased soil erosion, biodiversity loss, and decline in water resources are identified as the major impacts of land use land cover changes in the study watershed for the last 33 years. The study concludes that if these trends of cultivation and settlement land expansion allowed continuing, there will be no dense forest vegetation will remain. So, the finding of this study is significant.

Some aspects of agricultural land pricing in Kazakhstan

The goal is to analyze domestic and foreign experience in formation of the value of agricultural land and develop a new approach to their assessment. Methods – monographic, analytical, statistical, abstract-logical. Results – the author's research states that in Kazakhstan prices for land plots began to form since 1995, after transition to market relations. It is shown that in order to involve it in market turnover, it was necessary to adopt a number of legislative documents. In particular, it was classified as real estate and was subject to state registration. It is determined that initially payment for land was formed in primary market, where the price was set by the state. Since that moment, 27 years have passed (on the lands of settlements) and 19 years (on agricultural lands). It was revealed that the base rates for agricultural land did not change, for the land of RS - from 2008 to 2019. However, for example, in Nur-Sultan – last time they were approved in 2012, in Almaty – in 2015. In Shymkent, despite the acquisition of the status of a republican appointment, the standard remained at the level of 2012. An analysis of distribution of privately owned land in the Republic of Kazakhstan, land tax receipts for 2015 -2021 is given. Conclusions – over the past 7 years there have been significant changes (devaluation, pandemic, political situation, etc.), cost has increased dramatically, but on agricultural land it has remained unchanged. All this, in turn, requires the improvement of methods for determining tariffs for agricultural land. Since the republic has switched to a digital format for maintaining a land cadastre, it is necessary to create a map of market prices for land plots by regions and conduct their constant monitoring.

Multi‐scenario simulation of land use change based on MCR‐SD‐FLUS model: A case study of Nanchang, China

AbstractModeling land use/cover change (LUCC) is a helpful approach to simulate land use changes, analyze land use driving mechanisms, and support territorial spatial planning. However, there is no single model that comprehensively represents spatiotemporal changes, impact mechanisms, and ecological conservation of land use. This article focuses on Nanchang City and how the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the system dynamics (SD) model, and the future land use simulation (FLUS) model can be combined and applied to simulate the trends of land utilization change in different future scenarios. This allows us to explore the environmental protection policies and constraints, as well as to assess the socioeconomic regulation mechanisms and dynamic spatial patterns of land use. The results proved that the integrated model is competent in monitoring and projecting the dynamics of LUCC. The areas suitable for ecological protection are mainly located in the southeast, northeast and Meiling Scenic Area of Nanchang. By 2030, the scale of cultivated land will decrease, while the scale of forestland, grassland, water area, and total construction land will increase. Spatially, some cultivated land will be occupied due to the expansion of urban land, while the rural settlement land will be converted into other construction land. The interconversion of ecological lands also encroaches on part of the cultivated land. This scenario simulation based on the coupled MCR‐SD‐FLUS model provides decision‐making options for land resource planning and ecological environment assessment not only in the study region but also in other similar cities.

The features of mathematical modeling of cadastral land evaluation in settlements

This article describes current problems in the cadastral valuation of land in settlements and provides suggestions for improving the methodology of cadastral valuation through mathematical modeling. In addition to high-rise buildings, the modern large cities also contain private sector (individual residential buildings), and it is proposed to conduct a cadastral valuation of such lands taking into account the indicator of the prestige of the territories. Considering the experience of foreign countries, the authors made the analysis of mathematical modeling for the cadastral valuation of individual residential buildings. The valuation criteria for such lands are explained in the paper by example of Krasnoyarsk. The concept of "prestige of the territory" and the dependence of real estate prices from territory prestige have been established in this work as well.