Institutional Settings Research Articles

Prospects and advantages of the institutional and legal design setting of the Comprehensive Greater Eurasian Partnership

Prospects and advantages of the institutional and legal design setting of the Comprehensive Greater Eurasian Partnership

Was there a Portuguese economic corporatism? Political economy, transnational ideas and institutions in Salazar’s New State

The corporatist ideas associated with the dictatorship regime of António de Oliveira Salazar (1932-1968) were prominently expressed through a set of institutions created by the State to promote social order and to govern the economy. This institutional bureaucracy was particularly dense and resilient, as it withstood various social and economic changes, including external shocks. Based on previous historiographical contributions, namely from the history of economic thought, this article explores the interaction established in the Portuguese case between the transnational dissemination of corporatist ideas and the political construction of institutions governing the economy and interests. A critical analysis of the doctrinal rhetoric of Portuguese corporatists, who always exalted the ‘national and specific’ character of Salazar’s corporatism, will help to identify forms of transnational circulation of corporatist economic ideas. More than a political economy of Portuguese corporatism, there was an emulation of foreign authors, especially Italian, and an instrumental adaptation of ideas and institutions.

Factors associated with chemistry faculty members’ cooperative adoption of evidence-based instructional practices: results from a national survey

Despite institutional reform efforts to increase use of evidence-based instructional practices (EBIPs) in undergraduate chemistry and STEM courses, didactic lecture remains the predominant mode of instruction. Research to inform these initiatives routinely focuses on drivers and barriers to EBIP adoption, with recent work investigating factors associated with faculty members’ cooperative adoption of EBIPs from five STEM disciplines including chemistry. To understand the role of these specific factors within undergraduate chemistry education across a broad set of institutions, we conducted a national survey of chemistry faculty members (n = 1105) from the United States in Spring 2023. The survey targeted constructs that may underlie the cooperative adoption of EBIPs, including faculty members’ perception of (1) using EBIPs as mutually beneficial, (2) having their success and failure intertwined, and (3) institutional climate around teaching. The survey also included items targeting teaching-specific social interactions, another potential aspect of cooperative adoption. Results from multilevel modeling suggest that EBIP adoption is associated with chemistry faculty members’ perception of using EBIPs as mutually beneficial, aligning with prior findings on STEM faculty members’ cooperative adoption of these practices. However, there is no evidence of an association between EBIP adoption and chemistry faculty members’ perception of campus climate around teaching, where prior findings indicate an inverse association among STEM faculty members. Results further indicate that EBIP adoption is associated with the number of people with whom one specifically discusses pedagogy, instruction, and assessment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that differences exist between STEM disciplines and point toward the chemistry education research community's responsibility to further explore EBIP adoption from a disciplinary lens. Our investigation also provides insight into factors associated with the cooperative adoption of EBIPs among chemistry faculty members on a national level; we identify several implications for how chemistry faculty member change agents (e.g., course coordinators, department leaders) may effectively promote EBIP adoption across the undergraduate chemistry curriculum.

Antecedents and Consequences of Earnings Management: A Systematic Review of the Banking Sector in Developed and Developing Countries

The accuracy and utility of financial information are critical, but the prevalent issue of earnings management (EM) casts a shade on this goal. With a growing corpus of EM literature, a comprehensive review is essential for distilling insights and guiding future research. The paper systematically reviews 182 EM studies through the distinctive lens of developing and developed country banking institutions. With an emphasis on accrual-EM, the current study thoroughly examines and synthesizes the antecedents and consequences of bank EM. Notably, certain themes (such as corporate governance, international financial reporting standards, ownership structure and liquidity) emerge as universally relevant, bridging the gap between developed and developing markets. Conversely, themes like bank efficiency, social capital, funding structure and institutional quality, among others, tend to be context-specific. Further, the study developed a conceptual framework of antecedents and consequences of bank EM by segregating them into developed, developing, and cross-country contexts. The study is unique in its developed and developing context of appraising EM literature. The results provide a better understanding of pertinent elements in diverse institutional settings that can aid regulators and policymakers in making decisions by identifying facilitators, mitigators and consequences in developed and developing economies.

Effect of Environmental Conditions on Management of Juvenile Delinquent in Kiambu County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to determine how environmental conditions affected the management of juvenile offenders at the rehabilitation facilities located in Kiambu County. Through the use of structured questionnaires, interviews, and targeted focus groups, information was gathered from 90 probation officers, 22 instructors, and 12 managers. The centres’ overpopulation, subpar accommodations, and unfavourable environmental conditions were found to be impeding the effectiveness of rehabilitation operations. Adolescents’ negative opinions of staff made matters worse. There is an urgent need for extensive programme reforms because over 93% of respondents thought the institutional environment was unfavorable. The study recommends modernizing rehabilitation programmes through the integration of life skills development, vocational training, counselling, and education will demand immediate action. For a programme to be implemented effectively, staffing and equipment shortages must be addressed. Furthermore, improving the institutional setting is essential to the juveniles’ effective recovery and ultimate reintegration into society.

Risk Factors Associated with Pyogenic Spinal Infections among Intravenous Drug Users and Nonusers.

To identify the differences in patient factors, presentation, treatment course, and outcomes of intravenous drug users (IVDA) vs. nonusers (non-IVDA) presenting with pyogenic spinal infections. Study Design/Setting. Retrospective case series. We identified all cases involving spinal infections at our institution between May 2017 and January 2023. Postsurgical infections were excluded, and patients were separated into IVDA and non-IVDA groups. The patient charts were reviewed and analyzed for statistical or clinically significant differences using RStudio (2019 version 3.6.2). Our institutional review board approved this study, IRB# 2020-277, iRISID-2023-1384. Fifty patients (29 males and 21 females) with primary pyogenic spinal infections were included in our study. There were fourteen patients (28.0%) in the IVDA group. The mean age in the IVDA group was 50.6 vs. 61.9 years (p < 0.05) in the non-IVDA group. The average length of stay (LOS) in the IVDA group was 15.8 vs. 14.0 days (p = 0.54) in the non-IVDA group, with no significant difference in readmissions or disposition. Twenty-three non-IVDA patients were diagnosed with diabetes, while eight IVDA patients had a psychiatric diagnosis (other than substance abuse). There were no significant differences in microbial isolate or the duration of antibiotics. In our study population, there is a high incidence of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), psychiatric disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Analysis shows a trend of two distinct patient populations. Patients without a history of IVDA were significantly older than those with IVDA and significantly more likely to have medical comorbidities including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy than those with IVDA history. Patients with IVDA were younger with significantly higher rates of smoking and psychiatric disorders. IVDA patients struggled to receive continued psychiatric/addiction treatment after discharge, an area for significant improvement. Due to a small sample size and single urban institution setting, this study may be underpowered to demonstrate differences in healthcare resource consumption.

CREATIVE LAW: SINGERS, ROLES, AND LEGAL DISPUTES AT THE PARIS OPÉRA DURING THE ANCIEN RÉGIME

This article argues that the legal institutions governing the operation of the Paris Opéra since its establishment in 1669 were not merely applied hierarchically from above. To some extent, performers participated in defining the legal terms of the Opéra’s business. Challenging the prevailing creative practice of the time, these performers deployed legal rhetoric particularly in resolving disputes relating to casting. Casting decisions proved particularly salient insofar as the combination of personal prestige and financial success at stake produced both professional competition and social conflict. After demonstrating the main principles at work behind performers’ challenges to the administrative and legal conditions of the Paris Opéra, this article presents a series of case studies that illustrate the ways in which performers attempted to use legal strategies to alter the institutional setting as it related to casting.

Lean manufacturing practices in an educational institution to improve the operational efficiency of a machine shop

The lean manufacturing approach is employed across several sectors to minimise waste and extend its ideas to institutional settings. The objective of this work is to provide instruction to aspiring engineers regarding the implementation and utilisation of lean tools. The machine shop of an engineering college utilised several tools, including 5S, standard work, and machine maintenance. The students were educated on the difficulties and achievements associated with the implementation of lean ideas across several tiers within the machine shop. The findings indicate that it is imperative to remove non-value-added operations, commonly referred to as Muda, in any manifestation inside the shop. A sequence of 5S audits was carried out to facilitate the enhancement of KAIZEN initiatives and uphold the shop's commitment to lean principles. The determination and assessment of the influence of lean tools on the Machine Shop were conducted through the utilisation of a questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale. Following the implementation of lean principles, there has been a notable enhancement in several aspects. Specifically, there has been a 6.6% improvement in space utilisation, a substantial 95.12% increase in safety measures, a significant reduction of 83.3% in machine failure occurrences, and a noteworthy decrease of 80.2% in the time required for tool search.

Exploring Professional Wellbeing of English Language Teachers

Teacher wellbeing concerns teachers’ satisfaction, happiness, and attraction to their profession. It is equally essential in quality education since the attraction to English language in schools is growing gradually. This study aims to discovers perceptions of English language teachers teaching secondary level on their wellbeing in an institutional setting. Using lived stories through in-depth interview and informal communication, the study explores the perception of their wellbeing. The research findings show that teachers teaching English perceive their wellbeing as having positive psychology, positive emotion, respect and achievement in the job, and healthy relations among the institutional members. This study paves the way for a more extensive debate on policy and practice surrounding teachers’ wellbeing among educators, academicians, and decision-makers.

EXPLORING MORALITY AMONG ORPHANS: A STUDY OF AKHLAQ AND SOCIAL STANDARDS IN PUSAT JAGAAN HEMBUSAN KASIH SAYANG

This study explores the Islamic perspective on the care and treatment of orphans, focusing on their moral development within an institutional setting. Islamic teachings emphasize the holistic welfare of orphans, advocating for their physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This notion is grounded in the Quran and Hadith, where caring for orphans is not only a moral obligation but a means to attain spiritual reward. The study employs a qualitative cross-sectional design, using self-report questionnaires distributed among 50 children at Pusat Jagaan Hembusan Kasih Sayang, Kuantan. The questionnaire assesses various aspects of morality ('akhlaq') in relation to God, guardians, peers, and daily life. Results show a strong adherence to Islamic practices among the children, such as prayer, Quran recitation, and fasting, reflecting their spiritual upbringing. Their interactions with guardians and peers demonstrate respect, assistance, and effective conflict resolution, aligning with Islamic values of empathy and social harmony. Daily habits like tidiness and honesty are indicative of the institution's success in instilling Islamic principles of cleanliness and integrity. The study highlights the significant role of institutions like Pusat Jagaan Hembusan Kasih Sayang in shaping the moral development of orphans. These institutions provide not only physical care but also moral and spiritual guidance, crucial for children lacking familial support. The findings suggest that integrating religious teachings into the upbringing of children fosters a strong moral compass, preparing them to be responsible and ethical members of society. Overall, this research underscores the potential of religious education in promoting moral and ethical values in young individuals and calls for its replication in other childcare and educational settings. Future research could explore the long-term societal impact of such upbringing and the challenges faced by caregivers and educators in reinforcing these values.

Effect of monotonous 10-week TABATA workout for overweight female ages 19-21 years old

The efficacy of the TABATA workout for college students has been emphasized in academic literature. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research undertaken on college students within the specific setting of higher education institutions in the Philippines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the TABATA workout’s efficacy for overweight female college students. The present study utilized an experimental methodology to evaluate the efficacy of TABATA training among twenty overweight college students aging from 19-21 years old [(N20yo = 9 (45.00%), N19yo = 6 (30.00%), N21yo = 5 (25.00%); mean = 19.95]. Furthermore, the students participated in a 20-minute workout, three times each week, for a duration of ten weeks. The paired t-test was employed to ascertain the statistical significance of the variance observed in participants’ BMI values after a duration of 10 weeks. Following a 10-week exercise regimen, it was observed that participants saw a decrease in their body mass index (BMI) and shown overall improvement [BMIa(pre) (26.81 ± 1.37) and BMIb(post) (25.75 ± 1.63), t(19) = 9.379, p &lt; .05]. According to the results obtained, engagement in the TABATA program has demonstrated efficacy and the potential to yield substantial enhancements in students’ body mass index. This study did not consider additional variables that could potentially influence the outcome of the study. Hence, it is possible to conduct similar experiments by considering additional variables that were not accounted for in this study.

Relationship of Innovation Management and Investments in State Policy Development

The conceptual-categorical research apparatus was further developed by clarifying the essence of the concepts, namely: "innovation" as a new or significantly improved product (goods, services) or process introduced into use, a new sales method or a new organizational method in business practice, work organization places or in external communications; "state innovation and investment policy at the regional level" as a complex, dynamically developing, hierarchically and spatially organized socio-economic system that functions within the boundaries of a certain territory, on which economic innovation and investment processes and dependencies between market entities are carried out taking into account the characteristic territorial features of the innovative development of the regions. It has been established that the following are key technologies, the implementation of which will be important for creating a new basis for the development of the economy, financial and non-financial services: digital information processing technologies (creation of new products, upgrading of traditional industries, management efficiency, the Internet of Things), including including blockchain technology (financial innovations, smart contracts, sharing economy); 3D printing (production of new products, customization of production while maintaining the effect of scale); artificial intelligence (substitution of labor with capital - especially in the field of telecommunications, unmanned transport, finance; machine learning as a prerequisite for customization of production); virtual reality (production of new products, expansion of the spectrum of solvable tasks, especially in the sectors of entertainment, health care, education); 5G communication (communication services, management efficiency, Internet of things, unmanned transport). It was noted that innovative activity is not a one-time activity, but is a system of measures for understanding the idea, introducing it into production, and scaling technologies. The innovation and investment policy must be implemented within the framework of the strategic plan. As a result of the evolution of theoretical views and accumulated practical experience, innovation and investment activities are understood as various scientific, innovative, investment, organizational, technological, financial and commercial actions that lead to the implementation of innovations. It is noted that the nature of innovation and investment state policy at the regional level is determined by the degree of state intervention in economic processes, which is why the levels of regional development differ. Such interference is manifested through the implementation of tax, financial, credit, licensing, price, etc. policies. Regardless of the scale, innovation and investment activity at the regional level is defined from the point of view of the following positions: from the standpoint of institutional theory - as a field of activity, that is, a set of institutions that ensure the production, distribution and use of new, economically beneficial knowledge; from the point of view of the network approach - as a process by which modern technologies and innovative businesses based on them are produced; from the standpoint of a structural-functional approach - as a hierarchically organized spatial system that ensures the maximization of scientific and technical progress while observing regional system limitations.

A vallásosság összefüggései a mentális egészséggel és a jólléttel a Covid-19 világjárvány idején

The Relationship of Religiosity with Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The relationship between religiosity and mental health is a popular area of research in the psychology of religion. A considerable body of research supports the positive effects of religion on both psychological and physical well-being. The present research aimed to explore the links between these areas during the coronavirus pandemic. In our quantitative online study, we analysed data from 2,269 (1,022 men and 1,407 women, mean age 43 years, SD = 16–95 years) healthy individuals aged 16 years and over. A complete test battery was used for the analysis, including the DUREL Religiousness Questionnaire and the PHS-WB General Well-Being Scale, as well as a question on faith in God. Our results show that our dimensions of religiosity: belief in God, institutional and non-institutional religiosity, and intrinsic orientation are positively related to two dimensions of general well-being, mental and social well-being. Those who regularly practise their religion in an institutional setting, report significantly better mental and social well-being than those who are not regular religious practitioners. Keywords: religiosity, institutional religiosity, well-being, mental health, coronavirus

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL FOR SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DISPUTES

Subject of the study. The problems of economic diplomacy are constantly in the focus of researchers' attention, especially in recent years, when the challenges of the globalisation era have significantly changed the rules of interaction in international relations: limiting the possibilities of classical diplomacy within the Westphalian system, allowing new actors (multinational corporations, non-governmental organisations) to enter the diplomatic field, introducing advanced forms of diplomatic communication, etc. These innovations have led to significant changes in the field of economic diplomacy, as the economic aspects of international relations have become crucial in the process of economic competition in the modern world. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth study of the theoretical and applied aspects of modern instruments of diplomatic influence as a system of mechanisms for interstate regulation of the world economy, which belongs to the sphere of foreign policy and is, by its very nature, one of the main and most effective means of settling international socio-economic disputes. Since the term "diplomacy" is most often used: 1) in the sense of state activity in the sphere of foreign relations; 2) as a set of institutions and persons engaged in state activity in the sphere of foreign relations; 3) to define the profession of a diplomat. Traditionally, some of the main methods of diplomatic activity are: negotiations, conclusion of bilateral (multilateral) agreements, opening of representative offices of one state in another, etc. Methods of implementing diplomacy are defined as appropriate levers of influence on governments, diplomatic representatives and other persons of foreign states, using and applying the world's effective diplomatic experience of conducting business relations of states to achieve its objectives. Currently, economic diplomacy is an important catalyst for economic progress not only in individual countries but also in the global economy, an integral element of foreign policy to improve international competitiveness, investment and tourist attractiveness of the country, increase its foreign trade activity, open new production facilities and create new jobs. Undoubtedly, the role of economic diplomacy is obvious for countries with a high level of investment and trade activity, for SMEs trying to enter the markets of other countries, and for multinational companies that are strengthening their presence in the world. Conclusion. The current development of multilateral economic diplomacy is shaped by the following trends: expansion of the mandate of leading multilateral organisations and forums beyond the scope of traditionally discussed issues (in recent years, the OECD has been discussing non-traditional aspects such as environmental and food security, population ageing, fighting corruption, etc.); increasing the number of participants in the global economy and expanding the scope of regulation within international organisations necessitates reforming the institutions of multilateral economic diplomacy (the WTO has developed a document "The Future of the WTO" containing proposals for organisational reform); multilateral economic diplomacy has become open and public (many developed countries often make proposals addressed to the entire world community (especially on global issues of economic, social and environmental development)); interaction of various organisations and forums is increasing (the WTO cooperates with the IMF, the World Bank, the UN, UNCTAD, etc.); increase in the level of publicity and transparency of multilateral diplomacy (openness to the media, prompt posting of information on the official websites of international organisations). Despite the fact that multilateral economic diplomacy has many problems, it can be argued that bilateral and multilateral economic diplomacy forms an effective mechanism for managing global economic processes in the interests of individual countries and the global community as a whole.

INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY SECTOR

The purpose of this article is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the essence and peculiarities of development of the institutional environment of the digital economy sector, to allocate the components of its architectonics as the basis for forming a platform for the conceptual development of the national economy based on digitalisation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is formed by modern economic and sociological institutional theories, the object of analysis of which is the institutional dynamics of the environment: institutional theory, new institutional theory, substantivist theory, the concept of institutional density, the concept of institutional matrices, the theory of societal psyche. The paper uses the historical-logical and dialectical methods to study the contradictions of the processes of formation and development of the institutional environment, as well as the methods of system analysis to study the components of the architectonics of the institutional environment of the digital economy. Results. From the standpoint of institutional theory, it is formulated and substantiated that the institutional environment of the digital economy sector is a synthesis of a set of formal/іnformal basic/complementary institutions of the traditional and digital economies of different levels and institutions that are in certain interconnections and relationships with each other, forming a hierarchical integrity. Institutions determine the creation and operation of relevant institutions, which, in turn, ensure the implementation and enforcement of established rules and regulations. At the same time, the resilience and flexibility of the environment is based on the natural accumulation or forced implementation of basic institutions capable of ensuring the emergence of new digital economy institutions or significant modernisation of existing ones, which protects and promotes the development of the digital economy. The task of managing the institutional environment is to balance the ratio of institutions. The architectonics of the institutional environment of the digital economy sector is a system that combines a functional set of institutions of the traditional economy (management, labour, property, market, non-market), specific institutions of the digital economy (information, participation, digital space), global institutions, and regional institutions. Institutions as systemic elements, through implementation/legitimation mechanisms, form a set of institutions of the digital economy that mediate the interaction of economic actors, provide contracting, and mechanisms of institutional change. The most important institutions include innovation labs, research centres, technology companies, start-ups, cryptocurrency exchanges, digital agencies, consultancies, educational institutions, learning platforms, government agencies, legislative bodies, banks, digital banks, financial institutions, digital platforms, and digital networks. Interaction and mutual influence of institutions and institutions of the digital economy form the guidelines for selecting effective elements of the institutional structure from alternative institutional forms. The digitalisation of Ukraine, which is focused on the norms of international, European and regional cooperation, will facilitate Ukraine's integration into the European and global market of e-commerce, goods and services based on information and communication technologies. A new global economic architecture is being designed, into which new economic agents are integrating. At the same time, regionalisation processes are taking place, new regional clusters are emerging, and the country is being integrated into the European cluster. Practical implications. The elements of the architectonics of the institutional environment of the digital economy sector are identified and summarised by criteria, which makes it possible to identify the most problematic areas of institutional transformations and to formulate and select instrumental solutions to overcome them. The development of the relevant elements of the institutional environment of the digital economy sector contributes to a rapid and profound digital transition, when the results of digital transformation will become the basis of Ukrainian society and a key factor on the path to Ukraine's prosperity and welfare. Value/оriginality. It is established that the use of institutional analysis tools will allow determining the optimal directions of institutional building/transformation of digital economy institutions and minimising the social costs of Ukraine's evolutionary development. A two-level approach to designing the institutional environment of the digital economy sector in the national space is proposed: at the institutional level – as designing the socio-political and economic conditions for the development of digital economy institutions based on the development of digital products and technologies; at the individual level – as designing the functional place of a digital product in the human life space.

Systems approaches to public service delivery: methods and frameworks

AbstractResearchers and practitioners are increasingly embracing systems approaches to deal with the complexity of public service delivery and policy evaluation. However, there is little agreement on what exactly constitutes a systems approach, conceptually or methodologically. We review and critically synthesize systems literature from the fields of health, education, and infrastructure. We argue that the common theoretical core of systems approaches is the idea that multi-dimensional complementarities between a policy and other aspects of the policy context are the first-order problem of policy design and evaluation. We distinguish between macro-systems approaches, which focus on the collective coherence of a set of policies or institutions, and micro-systems approaches, which focus on how a single policy interacts with the context in which it operates. We develop a typology of micro-systems approaches and discuss their relationship to standard impact evaluation methods as well as to work in external validity, implementation science, and complexity theory.

КОНЦЕПТ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТНЬОЇ МЕРЕЖІ ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ НА ЗАСАДАХ МАРКЕТИНГУ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The article deals with the theoretical justification and development of directions of implementation of the concept of transformation of regional educational network on the basis of interaction marketing (on the example of the Chernivtsi region), which is associated with the idea of creating a flexible institutional and organizational mechanism of regional development on the basis of long-term interaction, interconnections and partnership between different regional subsystems, continuous updating of knowledge and competences of the population. The concept of transformation of the regional educational network on the basis of interaction marketing is a set of constructive tools (strategic guidelines, stages of transformation, the circle of network interaction of participants, tasks) and directions of development (structures, activities and events) of key nodes of the educational network of the region, which allows us to form proposals for positioning the region as an educational hub on the example of Chernivtsi region. The model of the regional educational network will be formed as an open parity cooperation covering a set of educational institutions, partner business organizations, local authorities and local selfgovernment bodies, public organizations, most of which are legally independent but need close business/social ties and support each other's sustainability in the network. The mission and objectives of the regional educational network were formed, the nodes that are formed through interaction and partnership of schools, vocational and higher education institutions, non-formal education institutions, services for informal education, scientific institutions, employers and their associations, public organizations, innovative companies, local authorities, administrative structures responsible for state priorities in terms of training specialists were described.

To Whom Is the Institutional Chaplain Beholden? Reconciling the Christian Chaplain’s Tension of Identity With a Theology of Calling

Abstract Professional chaplains have the unique opportunity to provide spiritual care within institutional settings where other types of pastoral care may not exist. Serving within these institutions presents special challenges, including tension between multiple identities and responsibilities. This tension can create conflict within the Christian chaplain, and confusion as to whom they are ultimately beholden. The first section of the article discusses what I see as the five identity-related tensions a professional chaplain may experience serving in an institution. The second section of the article outlines a Christian theology of calling built on the framework of Covenant Theology and God’s reconciling work of grace. This theology of calling orients the professional identity of the Christian chaplains, rooting them in a clear sense of their responsibilities within their institutional setting. Christian chaplains are beholden first to God and to the calling God places on their life. Proper orientation to that calling equips chaplains to reconcile any cognitive dissonance caused by identity-related tensions, thus opening up a richer spiritual dialogue with God as they live out their kingdom-advancing mission.

Политическая система общества в трактовке теории права

The article analyzes the concept of the political system of society, examines and examines the functions and the elemental composition of this legal institution. It is concluded that the political system of society is a set of state bodies and institutions authorized at the legislative level, political institutions that provide the basis for the functioning of state power. It is noted that theoretical developments are currently needed that can help all parts of the political system rationally adapt to changing norms and forms of public life.

Peningkatan Efisiensi Dokumentasi Melalui Perancangan Sistem Pengarsipan Surat Pada Kantor Kelurahan Sempaja Timur

In this era of globalization, technological advancements have rapidly progressed, easing human tasks with the current technology that typically gets things done swiftly. Information technology in institutional settings serves as a means of knowledge and information management. Kelurahan Sempaja Timur is a local government office that serves the community in all matters related to governance. This office holds a plethora of data concerning incoming and outgoing correspondence. However, the archiving of these documents is still done manually, leading to a buildup of letters over time. Hence, there's a need for a system capable of handling the archiving of documents, facilitating both storage and swift, detailed retrieval when needed. This will expedite subsequent workflow processes.