Sera Of Allergic Patients Research Articles

Radioimmunosorbent assay of allergens

A method has been developed for the assay of allergens and may be summarized as follows: 1. Filter paper discs are activated with BrCN. 2. The allergens are coupled to the reactive groups on the paper disc carrier. 3. IgE immunoglobulin, present in the sera of allergic patients, then attaches itself to the allergen coupled to the paper discs. 4. 125I-labeled anti-IgE antibodies thereafter interact with the IgE molecules attached via the allergens to the paper carrier. Examples of the assay with the use of dog, cat, horse, cow, and timothy allergens are presented. The allergen assay method can conveniently be used to compare the “potency” of different allergen extracts and to check the extraction procedure, storage, and further treatment of allergens.

Characterization of allergen extracts by polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing and radioimmunosorbent allergen assay. II. Dog and cat allergens.

The potency of commercial dog and cat allergen extracts produced by different firms may vary by a factor which may range from several 100 to more than 1,000. In cat extracts, major common components can be demonstrated between pI 4.5–5.0. In addition to these, additional components were seen in the pI ranges 3.0–3.9; 5.3; and 7.5–8.5. In commercial dog extracts, major common components were detected between pI 4.3–4.7. In one dog extract, the presence of additional components with pI 3.0–3.4; 3.5–3.7; 3.9–4.1; 4.9–5.0; 5.1 and 5.2–5.3 was demonstrated. There are indications, that in the sera of allergic patients, IgE antibodies are present which are counterparts of breed-specific allergens.

Inhibition of serum naphthylamidases by atopic allergens

Human serum hydrolyses the 2-naphthylamides of l-lysine and l-arginine. The enzymatic activity of the serum naphthylamidases is inhibited by atopic allergens and by protein-sugar conjugates carrying 1-deoxy-2-ketose residues attached to the ε-amino groups of lysine residues in their peptide moieties. The inhibiting capacity of these substances was found to be directly related to the number of sugar-linked lysine residues in the molecular framework. The sensitivity spectrum of the serum naphthylamidases towards other modifiers indicates these enzymes to be identical with, or closely related to serum leucine aminopeptidase. No difference was detected in the behavioural pattern of these enzymes from the sera of allergic patients with regard to inhibition by allergens. It is suggested that the inhibitory action of atopic allergens may, as a side-effect, impair the ability of allergic individuals to inactivate lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin) generated in response to the initial allergen-reagin interaction.

Passive Sensitization of Monkey Lung Fragments with Sera of Timothy-Sensitive Patients

Summary A spectrofluorometric method for the determination of histamine liberated from monkey lung tissue passively sensitized with human atopic sera is described. The close correlation of histamine liberated from sensitized tissue with P-K titer, the loss of activity by heating sera at 56°C for 1 hr, and the failure of both rabbit and rhesus monkey precipitating antibody or human blocking antibody to release histamine indicate that this method provides an in vitro estimation of the reagin content of the sera from allergic patients. The sensitivity of the method described may also permit the detection of reagin in the sera of allergic patients not detectable by the P-K test. It is suggested that the use of adult monkey lung tissue may provide a means to study the mechanism of antibody fixation.

DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGY BY AN IN-VITRO TEST FOR ALLERGEN ANTIBODIES

An in-vitro method, called the radioallergosorbent test, has been developed for the detection of allergen-specific antibodies of a new immunoglobulin class, provisionally called IgND. Antibodies to 14 different allergens were detected in sera of allergic patients. A 96% agreement was obtained between results from provocation tests and the in-vitro test for allergy. The results strongly support the hypothesis that reagins belong to the immunoglobulin class IgND. The method described might become of great importance for

Demonstration of human reagin in monkey tissues: III. In vitro passive sensitization of monkey ileum with sera of atopic patients. Physiologic and enhancing experiments

Comparisons of the response of monkey and guinea pig ileum and human appendix to histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and SRS-A (slow-reacting substance) are reported. The monkey and guinea pig ileum reacted equally to both histamine and bradykinin. The guinea pig ileum showed a greater response to serotonin than did the other tissues. On the other hand, the monkey ileum reacted more strongly to SRS-A substance than did the guinea pig ileum. The human appendix responded well to both histamine and bradykinin but gave only weak contractions with serotonin. The monkey ileum and human appendix were able to be passively sensitized in vitro by much less serum of allergic patients than was required to sensitize the guinea pig ileum. This sensitization of the guinea pig ileum was not destroyed when the atopic serum was heated at 56° C. for 4 hours. However, this same treatment of serum prevented sensitization of the monkey ileum and human appendix. In vitro sensitization was enhanced 2 to 10 times when serum was diluted in isotonic buffered glucose rather than Tyrode's solution, and also if succinic or maleic acids were added with the antigen for challenge.

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig with serum of allergic patients treated with ragweed extract emulsions: Preliminary report

It is noted that sera of 5 of 11 patients who have been treated with 5,000 or 10,000 PNU of ragweed extract in mineral oil emulsions contained an anaphylactic type of antibody (or antibodies) capable of inducing passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pig skin.

Study on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis with serum of allergic patients

Antibodies of spontaneous (reaginic) and induced (anaphylactic) immediate wheal and erythema type of sensitivity and human ragweed-blocking antibody were tested for their ability to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pig skin. 1. 1. None of the sera of the spontaneous immediate wheal and erythema sensitivity (against pollens, horse epithelium, and horse serum) were capable of producing passive sensitization of guinea pig skin, although each exhibited a strong positive Prausnitz-Küstner reaction. 2. 2. Positive PCA was obtained only with sera from the induced type of immediate wheal and erythema sensitivity against horse serum in human beings and ragweed pollen in rabbits. However, the human sera containing induced blocking antibody to ragweed did not produce positive PCA reactions, although each manifested good blocking activity in inhibition tests. Thus, the PCA in the guinea pig by transfer of human serum could be considered as evidence in favor of immunologic distinction between antibodies of the spontaneous immediate wheal and erythema type of sensitivity (human skin antibodies known as reagins), antibodies of the induced immediate wheal and erythema type of sensitivity (skin-sensitizing antibodies with anaphylactic property), and the human blocking antibodies.

Calcium ion concentration in serum of allergic patients: William B. Sherman, M.D., and Mary Glidden, A.B

Calcium ion concentration in serum of allergic patients: William B. Sherman, M.D., and Mary Glidden, A.B