Serum Lipid Peroxide Levels Research Articles

Involvement of toll-like receptor 2/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B/NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 signaling pathways in the hepatoprotective effect of Lagotis brachystachys in rats with alcoholic liver disease

Background: Excessive consumption of alcohol is ranked as one of the leading causes of death from alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Our previous study demonstrated that the whole extracts of Lagotis brachystachys decreased acute hepatic injury in rats. However, the compounds of the extracts that are responsible for the hepatoprotective activity and their underlying mechanism are still unknown. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of whole extracts of L. brachystachys against chronic alcohol-induced ALD in rats. Materials and Methods: Different polar compounds of ethanolic extract from L. brachystachys were orally administered to rats that underwent 8 weeks of alcohol exposure. Results: The histological evaluation of rat liver showed that the rats exposed to 30% and 50% ethanolic extracts of L. brachystachys had significantly less formation of lipid droplets and showed less inflammatory infiltration than that of control rats with ALD. The extracts also inhibited alcohol-induced elevation of serum lipid peroxidation levels. In addition, L. brachystachys restored the levels of antioxidants and inhibited the alcohol-induced activation of the hepatic Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the release of interleukin (IL)-1β. Conclusion: Our data revealed that L. brachystachys showed hepatoprotective effect against chronic alcohol-induced hepatic injury by decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and by inhibiting the inflammatory processes. The extracts decreased the release of IL-1β via inactivation of the hepatic TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Possible Mechanism of Aframomum Sceptrum Extracts Mediated Modulation of Renal Function after Monosodium Glutamate Exposure

The objective of the research was to explain the possible mechanism of an earlier reported role of Aframomum sceptrum extract in the modulation of renal function parameters in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity.
 Materials and Methods. Similar experimental methods previously reported by us in Ogbeke et al., (2016) were maintained.
 Results. Monosodium glutamate administration led to a significant elevation of levels of serum and kidney lipid peroxidation due to decrease in the levels of serum and kidney antioxidant enzyme, super oxide dismutase, catalase, gluthathione peroxidase and gluthathione. There was observed increase in oxidative enzyme, aldehyde oxidase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and monoamine oxidase activities in serum and kidney after monosodium glutamate consumption. Aframomum sceptrum treatment significantly regulated all altered indices.
 Conclusions. The study concluded that the ability of Aframomum sceptrum extract to modulate renal function parameters in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity is dependent on its efficacy in the induction and mobilization of antioxidant defense armory via the increased synthesis of tissue and serum enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as improved oxidative enzyme activities that mediates the quenching of rising aldehydes and sulfoxides, N-oxides and aromatic oxides within the kidney.

Hepatoprotective studies of aqueous leaf and root extracts of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. against ethanol induced hepatic stress in rats

The liver is of vital importance in intermediary metabolism and in the elimination of toxic substances. To maintain the liver in a healthy condition is crucial for overall wellbeing of an individual. A number of plants have been the sources of raw materials for various drug formulations used to treat liver ailments. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn., is one of the medicinal plant used in Ayurveda which is well-known to have hepatoprotective property. In the present study, the hepatoprotection of aqueous leaf (LWBA) and root (RWBA) extracts of B. acutangula, at doses 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were evaluated on ethanol induced hepatic damage in Wistar strain, male albino rats (150-200 g body weight). The liver protective efficacy of the extracts was indicated by reduced levels of serum enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation and improvement in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein content in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained in the enzyme assays were supported by the histopathological observations. The findings shows that the LWBA extract has better hepatoprotection against ethanol induced liver injury than RWBA extract and also justify the Ayurvedic applications of B. acutangula in the management of liver diseases.

Daily intake of a bean-fiber fortified bar reduces oxidative stress

It has been proposed that the consumption of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reduces cardiovascular risk, and prevents and controls both chronic and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity of a bean-fiber fortified bar (BFB) versus a commercial bar (CB) in 60 Mexican men and women (18-65 years old), who were randomly distributed in two groups: BFB or CB; individuals consumed a bar a day for one month. Anthropometric data, food intake and blood samples were collected. Glucose tolerance (GTT), lipid profile (PL), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) tests were performed; carbonyls groups in serum oxidized proteins were also measured. GTT and PL were not different between both groups in either the 15 or 30-day follow-up of bar consumption assessments. There were no significant differences in either TBARS or carbonyl concentration between groups; BFB group showed higher levels of serum lipid peroxidation in basal and fifteen days measurements; these levels decreased at the final evaluation: No differences were detected on carbonyl levels between groups. In conclusion, 30 days of fiber bean bar consumption did not alter glucose or PL levels, while, in the BFF group, oxidative stress decreased within 30 days of the consumption of the fortified bar.

Antidiabetic activity-guided isolation of gallic and protocatechuic acids from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes.

We isolated and identified gallic and protocatechuic acids as the antidiabetic principles in Hibiscus sabdariffa using solvent extraction, column chromatographic fractionation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ethylacetate fraction of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 411.73 and 433.93μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, fractions I and II obtained from column chromatography inhibited α-amylase with IC50 of 27.03 and 20.12μg/ml, and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 24.30 and 22.29μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the principles reduced the serum glucose and lipid peroxide levels of diabetic rats and with an improvement in the rat lipid profiles and antioxidant defenses. Fractions I and II were identified as protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, respectively, using 1 H and 13 C NMR. Protein-ligand docking showed that these compounds form multiple favorable interactions with the active-site residues of the two glycosidases. Overall, protocatechuic and gallic acids emerge as natural antidiabetic agents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zoborodo) is a refreshment drink for ceremonial gatherings in Nigeria. Also, its pharmacological use includes diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and hepatoprotection. The consumption of this food drink could improve diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and liver disease. Furthermore, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase could prevent diabetic complications associated with postprandial glucose. Developing the extract of H. sabdariffa calyx as food supplement could be used in managing diabetes and its associated complications such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

Plasma Lipid Peroxidation as a Marker for Seminal Oxidative Stress in Stallion

This experiment aims to evaluate the correlation between lipid peroxidation levels in serum and seminal plasma in equines. Also, it investigates the lipid peroxidation in extended semen samples and its effects and sperm motility during a 72 hr refrigeration period. Blood and semen were collected from fertile Crioulo stallions. Serum and seminal plasma lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) immediately after semen collection. After addition of extender (hour = 0), diluted semen was refrigerated and stored at 5 °C. Semen analyses, TBARS and catalase activity were performed in extended semen at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. We noted that levels of plasma lipid peroxidation can be used as an indicative of seminal oxidative stress. Also, lipid peroxidation does not increase substantially during semen storage. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme catalase do not seem to be the major cause of loss and motility and consequently reduction in fertility in stallion semen during storage for 72 h at 5 °C.

Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites of Eugenia uniflora and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pain killing and anti-diabetic activities: A comprehensive approach

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe red Brazilian cherry, Eugenia uniflora, is widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of a methanol extract from leaves of E. uniflora and characterization of the isolated compounds. In addition, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in vitro and in a cell-based (HaCaT cell) model. We also studied the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities in relevant rat models. The molecular mode of action of the antidiabetic activities was also investigated. Materials and methodsUV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were used to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effects were determined in vitro and in HaCaT cells. The ani-inflammatory and antidibetic activities were studied in experimental animals. ResultsIn this work, a new compound, gallic acid 3-O-[6′-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside], along with 16 known plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were isolated, characterized using UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). Noticeable antioxidant effects were determined in HaCaT cells: The extract reduced the elevated levels of ROS and p38 phosphorylation and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) content induced by UVA. The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities in vivo: It diminished the edema thickness in carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema rat model and lowered the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity. In rats, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive properties were also observed: The extract reduced the number of writhing in acid induced writhing and increased the latency time in hot plate test. Furthermore, adequate antipyretic effects were observed: The extract reduced the elevated rectal temperature in rats after intraperitoneal injection of Brewer's yeast. Moreover, the extract possessed robust anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ) -diabetic rats: It markedly reduced the elevated serum glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased the insulin concentration in serum with higher potency than the positive control, glibenclamide. These effects might be associated with the interaction of PSM with the conserved amino acid residues of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), maltase glucoamylase (MGAM-C) and aldose reductase (ALR2) revealing considerable binding affinities. ConclusionA plethora of substantial pharmacological properties indicates that Eugenia uniflora is a good antioxidant and a sustainable by-product with solid therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.

Dietary selenium deficiency or selenomethionine excess drastically alters organ selenium contents without altering the expression of most selenoproteins in mice

Selenium is an essential trace element, and its deficiency can cause cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and increased susceptibility to infection. Such clinical symptoms are considered primarily attributed to decreased expression of some of the 25 selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins in humans. Conversely, a selenium-excessive diet can cause acute poisoning and chronic symptoms with unknown mechanisms. To reveal the impact of selenium deficiency and excess on selenoprotein expression in vivo, mice (that possess 24 selenoproteins) were fed with selenium-deficient or selenomethionine-excessive diets for up to 4 weeks, and the expression levels of nine representative selenoproteins [glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) 1/2/3/4, thioredoxin reductase 1/2, deiodinase 1, and selenoprotein P/S] were measured in 10 organs (brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, spleen, testis, skeletal muscle and thymus). We observed a time-dependent decrease in the selenium content of most organs (except testis) of selenium-deficient mice but not in the expression levels of the nine selenoproteins, with the exceptions of Gpx1/2 in the heart/liver/kidney/pancreas/spleen and Gpx3 in the pancreas/spleen. Serum lipid peroxidation levels were up-regulated in response to Se deficiency because of the decreased expression/activity of Gpx3, a plasma-type Gpx. In contrast, a time-dependent increase was observed in the selenium content of all organs but not the expression levels of the nine selenoproteins in most organs of selenomethionine-excessive mice; however, markedly elevated protein-bound selenium levels were observed in the liver/kidney. These results suggest that the systemic response to selenium deficiency and selenomethionine excess involves the down-regulation of some selenoproteins such as Gpx1/Gpx3 and up-regulation of selenium-containing proteins (not selenoproteins), respectively.

The Association between Dopamine and Oxidative Stress for Methamphetamine Iraqi Addicts

Background : Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a considerable public health problem around the world, itis classified as synthetic drugs knows amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs). METH causes the release of dopamine ( DA) simultaneously prevents the degradation of DA by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, and inhibits DA uptake, DA reacts with molecular oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) namely superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen peroxide, the mechanism suggesting of selectivity of damage may be explained by the oxidation of cytosolic dopamine to 6-hydroxydopamine, which can oxidize proteins and lipids. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methamphetamine abuse on the dopamine levels and oxidative stress. Materials and Method: The blood samples from fifty Methamphetamine addicts were collected from( Forensic medicine department and Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Training Hospital) and thirty normal men were taken, among the Iraqi society, dopamine and the total antioxidant activity ,nitric oxide scavenging activity, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH radical ) and total lipid peroxidation levels in serum were measured . Results: Our data shown the increasing of dopamine levels(1319.9±324.6 pg/dL) and the percentage of total antioxidant scavenging activity(40.3±11.6), free radical scavenging activity(32.6±10.1) and nitric oxide scavenging activity(38.6±13.5) were decrease. While the percentage of total lipid peroxidation assay (61.6±16.8) were increased in METH addiction in compared with healthy control (1043.9±271.2 , 71.5±5.18, 67.6±12.5, 71.9±11.07, 29.7±13.2) P value(0.0001). Conclusions: METH was cause to increase dopamine and itself lead to increasing free radical and also, has harmful effects on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes,. obtained data suggest that the widely abused psychostimulant methamphetamine can damage brain dopamine neurons by causing dopamine-dependent oxidative stress by production of free radical.

FDY003 inhibits colon cancer in a Colo205 xenograft mouse model by decreasing oxidative stress

Background: FDY003 is a traditional Korean medicine that has been developed as a complementary therapy for cancer. FDY003 contains various herbs such as Lonicera japonica, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., and Cordyceps militaris known to exhibit antioxidant and anticancer activities. Objective: The objective of this is to determine whether FDY003 represents a complementary therapy for colon cancer when it is injected using a syringe. Materials and Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine the active ingredients of FDY003. The effect of FDY003 on the proliferation of Colo205 cells was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The antioxidant effects of FDY003 on Colo205 cells were ascertained using oxidative markers such as lipid peroxidation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Markers of apoptosis in Colo205 cells after treatment with FDY003 were also measured. Based on the in vitro results, in vivo experiments were performed using Colo205 cell-induced xenograft mouse cancer model treated with FDY003. Results: HPLC analysis revealed that FDY003 contained various active ingredients known to possess antioxidant activities. The viability of Colo205 cells was decreased by FDY003 in a concentration-dependent manner. Cancer size and weight were significantly decreased in the group treated with FDY003, similar to those in the group treated with anticancer drug irinotecan. The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 was increased in cancer tissues derived from the FDY003-treated group. Serum levels of lipid peroxidation and DPPH were also significantly increased in the FDY003-treated group. Conclusion: FDY003 represents a potential complementary therapy for cancer due to its antioxidative effects and anticancer activity.

Attenuation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by ethanol extract of seeds of Lens culinaris medik

Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential role of ethanol extract of seeds of Lens culinaris in attenuation of Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seeds of Lens culinaris were powdered, defatted and ethanol extract was prepared by hot extraction method. The ethanol extract so prepared was subjected to preliminary phytochemical evaluation and fingerprint analysis using high performance thin layer chromatography. Nephroprotective potential of extract was evaluated at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. in both curative and prophylactic regimens in male Albino rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of Cisplatin at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. Nephroprotective activity was assessed by determining serum markers, urinary parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in renal tissue. Results: Cisplatin had induced marked acute renal toxicity as manifested by a significant increase in serum marker levels, urinary total protein, lipid peroxidation and decrease in urinary creatinine, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). The administration of extract significantly attenuated the Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity remarkably by restoring the biochemical and oxidative stress markers in both curative and prophylactic regimens in a dose dependent manner. Histological and immunohistochemical studies also substantiated the biochemical studies. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provides corroborative scientific evidence for the attenuation of Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by seeds of Lens culinaris and validates the ethno-medicinal use of this seeds as renoprotective agent.

In vivo antioxidant activity of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle protein hydrolysate.

Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is an important fish throughout the world, especially in East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. Protein hydrolysates from marine sources are commonly used as nutritional supplements, functional ingredients, and flavor enhancers in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. Antioxidants isolated from fish are relatively easy to prepare, are cost effective, and have no reported side effects. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant activities of mackerel muscle protein hydrolysate (MMPH) prepared using Protamex. The in vivo bioactivities of MMPH were investigated in alcoholic fatty liver mice (C57BL/6). Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were comparable in test and control mice, whereas serum triglyceride and lipid peroxidation levels significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) decreased after administration of MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in xanthine oxidase activity was observed in all groups treated with MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), as compared with the control group. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity/protein expression and regulated catalase (CAT) activity/protein expression levels were observed in groups administered MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. These results show that the abundant amino acids of S. japonicus play an important role in the cytosol of the liver cells by directly participating in the expression of xanthine oxidase and the detoxifying SOD and CAT proteins, thereby enhancing antioxidant ability and ultimately, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrated that muscle protein hydrolysate from S. japonicus has strong antioxidant activities.

Fangchinoline supplementation attenuates inflammatory markers in experimental rheumatoid arthritis-induced rats

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of fangchinoline in rheumatoid arthritis-induced rats. Rats were grouped into sham (group I), rheumatoid arthritis (group II, control), fangchinoline (2 μM, group III), and fangchinoline (4 μM, group IV) groups. The serum levels of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), zinc, ceruloplasmin, uric acid, and copper were determined. Chondrocyte cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were assessed. Lipid peroxidation, GSH, SOD, catalase, and Gpx levels recovered to near normal levels by fangchinoline treatment. Fangchinoline treatment significantly reduced the TNF-α level by 17.8% and 40.8% in groups III and IV respectively, whereas IL-6 was significantly decreased by 23.2% and 45%, respectively. Fangchinoline treatment significantly decreased the MMP-3 level by 23.1% and 65.1% in groups III and IV respectively, whereas PGE2 was significantly decreased by 31.8% and 63.8%, respectively. Fangchinoline treatment decreased NO, uric acid, ceruloplasmin, and copper levels, whereas the zinc content was increased. Chondrocyte proliferation was significantly reduced to 73.3%, 51.3%, and 42.4% at 2 μM, 4 μM, and 6 μM fangchinoline treatment respectively. Intracellular ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the chondrocytes. Protein expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased by 0.27-, 0.53-, and 0.67-fold at 2 μM, 4 μM, and 6 μM fangchinoline treatment respectively. In conclusion, fangchinoline is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatoid arthritis-induced rats.

Formulation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing silymarin

The first objective of this study was to optimize a supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) containing silymarin through the investigation of the single and synergistic effect of either SNEDDS or a precipitation inhibitor on dissolution efficiency (DE) of silymarin. The bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of S-SNEDDS were then compared to those of a branded product (Legalon®, Meda). SNEDDS containing silymarin was developed by titration technique, and Poloxamer 407 was selected as the optimal precipitation inhibitor by using casting film and solvent-shift method. The interaction of silybin (the major active constituent of silymarin) and the polymer was then determined by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR analysis. The combination of two techniques including SNEDDS and addition of 10% of Poloxamer 407 remarkably increased DE4h (88.28%) compared to the reference product (6.41%). The relative bioavailability of S-SNEDDS versus Legalon® was about 760%. The hepatoprotective activity of S-SNEDDS in CCl4-induced mice was also superior to the commercial product in declining both the levels of serum transaminases (ALT, AST) and lipid peroxidation as well as glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under tested doses calculated as silybin (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg). These biopharmaceutical and pharmacological advantages of S-SNEDDS indicated prospects in the development of a novel product that offers lower strength of silymarin while enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Protective effect of syringaldehyde on biomolecular oxidation, inflammation and histopathological alterations in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Ischemic injury during myocardial infarction (MI) is responsible for increased deaths among patients with cardiovascular disorders. Recently, research has been directed for finding treatment using natural compounds. This study was performed to investigate the effects of syrigaldehyde (SYD), a phytochemical against isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity model. For induction of MI, rats were intoxicated with two doses of ISO and were treated with SYD at three different concentrations (12.5, 25 & 50 mg/kg) both prior and simultaneous to ISO administration. ISO group revealed amplified activity of marker enzymes (CKMB, LDH, AST, ALT), increased oxidation of proteins and lipid molecules. Moreover, augmentation in pro-inflammatory markers was also found. The same group also displayed marked changes in histopathology and erythrocyte (RBCs) morphology. SYD treated groups showed diminished levels of serum markers enzymes, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl (PC) with increment in antioxidant defense in cardiac tissues of ISO administered rats. Our findings also revealed the modulatory effect of SYD on membrane bound ATPases, showing that SYD significantly improved the ISO induced changes in membrane fluidity. Furthermore, decline in infarct size, alleviation of structural RBC damage and improved myocardial histopathological outcome were observed in treated groups. In addition, mitigation of biochemical and histopathological changes by SYD was found to be dependent on its concentration. SYD had cardioprotective efficacy owing to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our results support incorporation of SYD in regular diet for prevention of MI.

The effect of obesity and dietary habits on oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

ObjectiveIncreased oxidative stress has been described in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high oxidative stress is further influenced by obesity and dietary habits in euthyroid women with HT.MethodsTwo hundred eighteen consecutive euthyroid women with HT were studied and separated in two groups; 102 with thyroxine replacement and 114 without. For the evaluation of oxidative stress, total lipid peroxide levels in serum (TOS) were measured and recoded as ‘high TOS’ vs ‘medium/low TOS’. The type of food and consumption frequency were recorded. Two binary variables were considered; normal vs low fruit consumption and daily vs sporadic vegetable consumption.Results‘High TOS’ was more frequent in women under thyroxine replacement (31.4% vs 14.7%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2). The prevalence of ‘high TOS’ was higher among overweight/obese women compared to women with normal BMI (30.4% vs 12.5%, OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4). Low fruit consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence (30.6% vs 12.9%, OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–6.2). Sporadic vegetable consumption was associated with increased ‘high TOS’ prevalence compared to daily consumption (29.9% vs 13.5%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.7). The examined risk factors were independent and additive in their effect on TOS. At least three risk factors had to be concomitantly present for the likelihood of ‘high TOS’ to be significantly elevated.ConclusionsOxidative stress is increased in women with HT under thyroxine replacement. Nevertheless, normal BMI, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, all contribute in maintaining oxidative stress at low levels.

Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat

Background: Once rats have been ovariectomized they have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to changes in the blood cholesterol and lipid profile. Objective: To investigate the effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) root extract on the serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Twenty-five, two month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: SH, OVX,OEE, OAAR and OEAR. The daily doses of 500 mg/KgBW of the AR root extracts for five weeks.The levels of serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, the liver, kidney and uterine tissue lipid peroxidation and SOD levels were determined. Results: Serum TC and LDL showed no significant differences in any groups. Serum TG of the OAAR and OEAR groups were not significantly different. The serum HDL of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly lower than the OEE group. The liver MDA levels of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly decreased compared with the OVX and OEE groups while the SOD level of the OAAR group was significantly increased. The MDA levels in the kidney and uterine of the treated group showed no significant difference. The SOD levels in the kidney of the treated group were not different but the SOD levels in uterine were significantly decreased. Conclusion: It can be believed that the lipid profiles were maybe regulated via estrogen.The AR extract has low effects on the lipid profiles at this dose and duration of treatment. The capacity of the extracts to decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD level in this study clearly reflected the antioxidant efficiency of these substances.

Relationship between oxidative stress and muscle mass loss in early postmenopause: An exploratory study

BackgroundEndocrine changes due to menopause have been associated to oxidative stress and muscle mass loss. The study objective was to determine the relationship between both variables in early postmenopause. Material and methodsAn exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted in 107 pre- and postmenopausal women (aged 40–57 years). Levels of serum lipid peroxides and uric acid and enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as total plasma antioxidant capacity were measured as oxidative stress markers. Muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance and muscle strength using dynamometry were also measured. Muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, fat-free mass, and body mass index were calculated. ResultsMore than 90% of participants were diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Postmenopausal women had lower values of muscle mass and strength markers, with a negative correlation between lipid peroxide level and skeletal muscle index (r=−0.326, p<0.05), and a positive correlation between uric acid and skeletal muscle index (r=0.295, p<0.05). A multivariate model including oxidative stress markers, age, and waist circumference showed lipid peroxide level to be the main contributor to explain the decrease in skeletal muscle mass in postmenopause, since for every 0.1μmol/l increase in lipid peroxide level, skeletal muscle index decreases by 3.03 units. ConclusionOur findings suggest an association between increased oxidative stress and muscle mass loss in early postmenopause.

Antistress potential of Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy in chronic cold swim-ming stress rat model

People are using this herb Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy for enhancing mind power- learning, memory and recall. Various toxicological evaluations of this herb have suggested that it is a relatively safe compound to treat many diseases. Anti-stress activity of aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis Choisy (Sankhapuspi) (AECP) was investigated against experimentally induced stress in rats using cold water forced swimming stress model in rats. Three doses 100 mg/kg body weight (bw), 150 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of AECP was treated orally to the stress induced rats for the evaluation of anti-stress activity. The parameters like body weight measurement, lipid peroxidation and cortisol levels were estimated to determine the anti-stress activity. The stress induced animals post-treated with AECP-100, AECP - 150 and AECP-200 mg/kg bw significantly restored the altered body weight and serum cortisol and lipid peroxidation levels, when compared with stress control group. The results of this research showed that the AECP showed a significant dose-dependent anti-stress activity due to its neuroprotective and antioxidant activity.

Relación entre el estrés oxidativo y la pérdida de masa muscular en la posmenopausia temprana: estudio exploratorio

BackgroundEndocrine changes due to menopause have been associated to oxidative stress and muscle mass loss. The study objective was to determine the relationship between both variables in early postmenopause. Material and methodsAn exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted in 107 pre- and postmenopausal women (aged 40-57 years). Levels of serum lipid peroxides and uric acid and enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as total plasma antioxidant capacity were measured as oxidative stress markers. Muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance and muscle strength using dynamometry were also measured. Muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, fat-free mass, and body mass index were calculated. ResultsMore than 90% of participants were diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Postmenopausal women had lower values of muscle mass and strength markers, with a negative correlation between lipid peroxide level and skeletal muscle index (r= –0.326, p<.05), and a positive correlation between uric acid and skeletal muscle index (r=0.295, p<.05). A multivariate model including oxidative stress markers, age, and waist circumference showed lipid peroxide level to be the main contributor to explain the decrease in skeletal muscle mass in postmenopause, since for every 0.1μmol/l increase in lipid peroxide level, skeletal muscle index decreases by 3.03 units. ConclusionOur findings suggest an association between increased oxidative stress and muscle mass loss in early postmenopause.