Serum Lipid Peroxide Levels Research Articles

Nardostachys jatamansi ameliorates doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity via down regulation oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in rats

Nardostachys jatamansi (family Valerianaceae) is a perennial herb found in Alpine Himalayas. In Ayurveda system of medicine, rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi are used as a bitter tonic, stimulant and antispasmodic and to treat epilepsy, hysteria, and convulsions. In the Unani system of medicine Nardostachys jatamansi has been mentioned as hepatotonic, cardiotonic, diuretic and analgesic. In the present study, we have investigated the protective role of alcoholic extract of N. jatamansi on myocardial injury induced by doxorubicin (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal single dose). Pretreatment for 5 days with ethanolic extract of N. jatamansi (250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight orally) showed moderate cardioprotective activity as evidenced by significant decline in the elevated levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxide levels with restoration in myocardial endogenous antioxidants levels. Hyperlipidaemia induced by doxorubicin was also inhibited and inflammation markers TNF‐α, IL‐6, and myeloperoxidase [MPO]), were also assessed. Doxorubicin promoted the upregulation of cardiac cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6), and MPO activity were significantly down regulated upon ethanolic extract of N. jatamansi pretreatment. Histopathological changes ranging from edema to degenerative changes in cardiac tissue sections were also restored.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) are associated with long term tramadol treatment-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity

Our objective was to figure out whether CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms may account for long term tramadol-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in 60 patients receiving chronic tramadol treatment in Neurology and Rheumatology Outpatients Clinic, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. As expected, CYP2D6*1 allele (wild type) frequency was significantly greater than CYP2D6*DUP, CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 alleles in both chronically tramadol-treated and control groups. In tramadol-treated patients, CYP2D6*DUP allele carriers followed by those carrying CYP2D6*1, displayed higher levels of urinary tramadol major active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1) and serum lipid peroxidation along with lower levels of total antioxidants than those carrying other impaired function alleles (CYP2D6*4&*10), suggesting oxidative stress. There were also significant increases in serum hepatic damage markers including alpha-glutathione transferase (α-GST) levels and liver function enzyme activities in *DUP and *1 carriers compared to carriers of other alleles. Moreover, we reported that in 42 patients with allele *1, tramadol caused mild to moderate hepatotoxicity (grades: 1–2) within 13–16 months while in 7 patients with duplicated allele (*DUP), tramadol caused moderate to severe hepatotoxicity (grades: 2–3) within 10–11 months (moderately longer period but shorter than that observed in allele *1), implying that exposure to tramadol for longer time in extensive and ultra-rapid metabolizers may contribute to hepatotoxicity development. Overall, our results suggest that CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms, particularly enhanced or normal function of CYP2D6, may increase the vulnerability to long term tramadol-induced hepatotoxicity through the enhancement of accumulation of tramadol bioactive metabolite (M1) and hence oxidative stress. Therefore, tramadol doses should be adjusted according to patient's CYP2D6 genotyping analysis to avoid hepatotoxicity.

Quercetin and low level laser therapy promote wound healing process in diabetic rats via structural reorganization and modulatory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin and the photo-stimulatory effect of low energy 632.8 nm laser irradiation on excisional wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally applied for diabetes induction. A full-thickness skin wound (2 × 2 cm2) was aseptically created with a scalpel in non-diabetic and diabetic rats on the shaved back of the animals. The wounded non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated every other day with quercetin by oral gavage at dose 25 mg/kg body weight and/or with low level laser therapy (LLLT) for 14 days. The wound closure percent calculated during the course of the experiment at days 1, 7 and 14 was remarkably increased as a result of treatment of non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT; the treatment with both was the most potent. The elevated blood glucose and the lowered serum insulin levels were significantly improved in diabetic wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the diabetic wounded control. The histological findings indicated that the wounded skin showed a marked increase in collagen fibers which become well oriented in sub-epidermal tissue, intact epidermis and presence of hyperplasia covering well-developed granulation tissue in the wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the corresponding wounded control. The elevated levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as PGE-2 and LTB-4 were decreased in non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT while the lowered level of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was increased. The augmented oxidative stress represented by increased serum lipid peroxides level was decreased and the serum level of non-enzymatic anti-oxidant glutathione was increased as a result of treatment with quercetin and LLLT. Thus, it can be suggested that the improvements in glycemic state, cytokines involved in inflammation and antioxidant defense system as well as structural reorganization after treatment with quercetin and LLLT may play pivotal roles in promoting the wound healing process. The study also concluded that the treatment with quercetin in association with LLLT was better in improving wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats than the use of either of each.

English

Training is conducted to improve physiological functions that can support improvement of cardio-respiratory function (O2max). However, intensive training can lead to oxidative stress, which can contribute to health problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on serum lipid peroxidation levels in student soccer players. The study was pre-experimental study with a one-shot case design conducted in April 2014. Twelve student soccer players from UGM who chosen by purposive sampling and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study. Each subject received training in the form of O2max measurements using the yo-yo intermittent recovery test. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid method 30 min after O2max measurement. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between O2max and plasma MDA levels. The mean age of subject was 19.25±1.06 years old. Subjects had normal nutritional status (body mass index 20.99 ± 1.65) with mean body weight of 58.13±3.76 kg and mean height of 166.2±3.40 cm. The mean O2max score was 49.56±0.61 mL/kg/min. The mean plasma MDA level was 4.32±2.09 μmol/L. There was no significant correlation between O2max and plasma MDA levels (p=0.7717). In conclusion, training does not negatively impact oxidative stress conditions in student soccer players.

Effect of exercise on lipid peroxidation in student soccer players

Training is conducted to improve physiological functions that can support improvement of cardio-respiratory function (O2max). However, intensive training can lead to oxidative stress, which can contribute to health problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on serum lipid peroxidation levels in student soccer players. The study was pre-experimental study with a one-shot case design conducted in April 2014. Twelve student soccer players from UGM who chosen by purposive sampling and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study. Each subject received training in the form of O2max measurements using the yo-yo intermittent recovery test. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid method 30 min after O2max measurement. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between O2max and plasma MDA levels. The mean age of subject was 19.25±1.06 years old. Subjects had normal nutritional status (body mass index 20.99 ± 1.65) with mean body weight of 58.13±3.76 kg and mean height of 166.2±3.40 cm. The mean O2max score was 49.56±0.61 mL/kg/min. The mean plasma MDA level was 4.32±2.09 μmol/L. There was no significant correlation between O2max and plasma MDA levels (p=0.7717). In conclusion, training does not negatively impact oxidative stress conditions in student soccer players.

Silymarin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Antioxidant Defense System Capacity in Cadmium-Treated Mice.

Objective Cadmium is an environmental pollutant which induces oxidative stress while silymarin as an antioxidant is able to scavenge free radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of silymarin on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense system capacity in mice treated with cadmium chloride. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, adult mice were divided into four groups as follow: i. Control, ii. Cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg b.w., s.c.), iii. Silymarin+cadmium chloride, and iv. Silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). Mice were treated with cadmium chloride for 24 hours and silymarin was administered 24 hours before the cadmium. Blood samples were then collected from the experimental groups and their sera were prepared. To investigate oxidative stress markers in the serum, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol groups (-SH) were evaluated. To measure the total antioxidant power in the serum, Ferric Reducing/ Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method was used. In addition, the activity of enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was assessed to evaluate serum antioxidant defense power. Results In the cadmium-treated group, the amount of MDA significantly increased as compared to the control group. In silymarin+cadmium group, silymarin significantly ameliorated the level of MDA compared to the cadmium group. In addition, cadmium significantly reduced serum FRAP, the activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes and thiol groups compared to the control. In silymarin+cadmium group, silymarin could significantly reverse the reduction of these markers compared to the cadmium group. Administration of silymarin alone caused a significant increase in serum FRAP, the activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes and thiol groups compared to the control group. ConclusionSilymarin as a powerful antioxidant reverses the toxic effect of cadmium on the serum levels of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant power, antioxidant defense system enzymes activity and thiol groups.

Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Effects of Acidic-Extractable Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris on Type 2 Diabetes Mice.

The present work was performed to evaluate the effect of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AE-PS) from fruit bodies of Cordyceps militaris on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its structural characteristics. The T2DM mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were administered with 100 and 400 mg/kg AE-PS for 4 weeks. Our work proved that AE-PS decreased the levels of serum lipid, lipid peroxidation, and blood glucose; improved glucose and insulin resistance; enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities; and attenuated the injuries of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in T2DM mice. These results might offer references for the exploitation of AE-PS as functional foods or natural drug source for preventing and treating HFD- and STZ-induced T2DM. Moreover, gas chromatography (GC) results revealed that AE-PS was heterogeneous and composed of fucose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose with mass percentages of 1.23%, 0.57%, 0.29%, 2.12%, 2.73%, 4.66%, and 88.4%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that AE-PS was a pyran-type polysaccharide with α- and β-configurations.

Pre and Post-Treatment Effects: Estimation of Serum Testosterone and Lipid Peroxidation Levels on Moringa olifera Extract Induced Cadmium Exposed Rats

Background: Cadmium (Cd), is a toxic metal which affects various organs including testis. It produces oxidative stress leading to male infertility. Moringa tree, is a natural plant with a great therapeutic value and hence it is found to be effective both in prevention and treatment of various conditions including reducing toxicity of hazardous materials. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Pre-and Post-treatment with Moringa oliefera leaf extract (MoE) on testis in cadmium exposed rats. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore, Manipal University (MU), Karnataka, India, between (2011-2013). This prospective study consisted a total of 30 rats. These were divided into 5 groups with group I being the control. Data were presented as mean ±SD. student’s t test was used as statistical tool, p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Group IV and V were pre-and post-MoE treated groups respectively. Serum testosterone and tissue lipid peroxidation levels were estimated. Results: Treatment with MoE prior and after administration of cadmium, respectively showed an increase significantly in the testosterone levels and a decrease in the tissue lipid peroxidation as compared to the group treated with cadmium. However, the pre-treatment showed better results in combatting the toxic effects of cadmium. Conclusion: This study shows that Moringa olifera leaf extract altered the testosterone and tissue lipid peroxidation levels. Also, pre-treatment showed better outcome.

Antioxidant status and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with α-tocopherolacetate, pomegranate pomace and pomegranate pomace extract

The effects of supplementation with α-tocopherol acetate (α-Toc), pomegranate pomace extract (PPE) and pomegranate pomace (PP) into chicken feed on antioxidant status, oxidation susceptibility and quality of the thigh meat during refrigeration were investigated. During six weeks broiler chickens were fed eight dietary treatments, which included: control diet, α-tocopherol diet (200 mg kg−1), PPE diets (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g kg−1) and PP diets (1, 2 and 3 g kg−1). Feed efficiency was significantly improved by supplementing chickens fed diet with 0.2 g kg−1 PPE. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) n-3 level was higher in the thigh of broilers fed with α-Toc and PPE diets (except 0.1 g kg−1) than in chickens fed control and PP diets (p < .05). Total phenolic content, lipid peroxidation level and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity in the thigh meat were significantly improved when chickens were fed diets containing α-Toc and PPE (p < .05). Supplementation of different antioxidant preparations into diets had no influence on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, in contrast, serum lipid peroxidation level was reduced in chickens fed diets supplemented with PPE (except 0.1 g kg−1) and α-Toc. In conclusion, the broiler thigh meat may be successfully enriched with LC PUFA n-3 and its antioxidant potential and quality characteristics may be improved by supplementing diets with 0.2 and 0.3 g kg−1 PPE. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of PPE supplementation was equal to that of α-tocopherol acetate in refrigerated meat.

The Effect of Thyme Essential Oil (Thymus Vulgaris) Added to Quail Diets on Performance, Some Blood Parameters, and the Antioxidative Metabolism of the Serum and Liver Tissues

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effect of diets containing different levels of thyme essential oil (TEO) on performance, some serum parameters and the antioxidative metabolism of the serum and liver tissues in quails. A total number of 200 sixteen-days-old Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) were used in the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups; the control group was fed only basal diet but groups TEO1, TEO2 and TEO3 had thyme essential oil of 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg, respectively, added to their diets. Body weight and daily weight gain increased with higher levels of thyme essential oil in the feed, yet a statistically significant increase was detected in only group TEO3 (p<0.05). Furthermore, in all of the groups that were fed on TEO, feed intake was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In the groups that received thyme essential oil, serum creatinine and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low, whereas serum magnesium levels were high (p<0.05). Thyme essential oil significantly increased in liver catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and serum CAT and GSH-Px activities, and significantly reduced both liver and serum lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde=MDA) levels (p<0.01). In result, while thyme essential oil partially affected the performance and serum parameters, it had a marked effect on the antioxidant metabolism.

The study of hemodialysis on the change rate of serum L-creatinine and lipid peroxidation levels

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the most prevalent diseases of human societies, especially in Iran. Despite all advances that have been made so far, hemodialysis with all its complications is being applied as the novel treatment strategy for such individuals. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hemodialysis on the change rate of serum L-creatinine and lipid peroxidation levels. Materials and Methods: This study is an analytical research which used a convenience sampling method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as the indicator of lipid peroxidation and L-creatinine was measured in 27 patients (17 males and 10 females). Malondialdehyde was calculated using the standard thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and L-creatinine through the t-test enzymatic method (Roche kit) (SpectronicGenesys 340 nm). Results: The mean and standard deviation of serum L-creatinine before and after dialysis was 7.67 ± 3.6 mg/L and 2.07 ± 1.6 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.001). The MDA mean of serum before and afterdialysis was 4.17 ± 1.24 mol/L and 4.98 ± 1.2 mol/L, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Analyses show that serum L-creatinine reduces considerably after dialysis. In addition, the results suggest that stress oxidative reduces following hemodialysis in these patients, which is observed in the form of the increased lipid peroxidation.

RAGE polymorphisms and oxidative stress levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Polymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene have been studied in various autoimmune disorders, but not in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Also, increased oxidative stress has been described in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of two common RAGE polymorphisms (-429T>C, -374T>A) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis; in parallel, we studied oxidative stress levels. A total of 300 consecutive euthyroid women were examined and classified into three groups: Hashimoto's thyroiditis with treatment (n = 96), Hashimoto's thyroiditis without treatment (n = 109) and controls (n = 95). For a rough evaluation of oxidative stress, total lipid peroxide levels in serum were measured. The -429T>C AluI and -374T>A MfeI polymorphisms of RAGE were studied in genomic DNA. Significant association of the RAGE system with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found only with regard to the prevalence of the -429T>C, but not with -374T>A polymorphism. The levels of oxidative stress were significantly elevated in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients under treatment. Further analysis demonstrated that an oxidative stress cut-off value of 590 μmol/L is associated with an increased risk of progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis from euthyroidism to hypothyroidism; this risk is further increased in carriers of the RAGE -429T>C polymorphism. Our findings indicate that both examined risk factors may be implicated in the occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but this covers only a fraction of the pathophysiology of the disease.

Piperine modulates isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia through antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic effect in male Wistar rats

Myocardial infarction due to ischemia accounts for majority of deaths among cardiovascular disorders. Isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction and the protection offered by piperine was investigated in the present report. Lipid profile analysis by determining the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and lipoproteins in serum and heart tissues showed anti-dyslipidemic action of piperine against ISO induced myocardial injury by modulating the ISO induced altered lipid profiles, maintaining to near control values. ISO treatment increased TBARS levels, PCC, serum markers of heart, depleted antioxidant status (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) in tissues and, total, protein- and non-protein-sulfhydryl levels in serum and heart tissues. Piperine pre-treatment decreased the levels of serum markers, lipid peroxidation and PCC with increased antioxidant status in the heart tissues of ISO administered rats. Increased levels of the glycoprotein components in serum and decreased levels in heart tissues upon ISO administration were restored to near normal levels by piperine pre-treatment. Our present reports also showed the modulatory effect of piperine on membrane bound ATPase's showing protection against ISO induced changes in membrane fluidity. The present study proved piperine as a potent therapeutic agent with its antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic action against ISO induced myocardial infarction.

Status of and #945;-tocopherol concentration and oxidative stress in infertile females of Vijayapur District, northern Karnataka

Background: Female fertility declined in Karnataka. Oxidative stress leads to anovulation, dysfunctional oocytes, fertilization failure, implantation failure, or miscarriage. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) has the ability of fertilized egg to implant into uterine wall properly. Aims and Objective: The aims and objectives of the study were to establish the serum concentration of α-tocopherol and lipid peroxide (LPO) level in infertile females of northern Karnataka compared to age-matched control. Materials and Methods: Infertile females 20-35 years of age were selected prospectively, and age-matched fertile females were included in the study and divided into two groups: 45 normal fertile females (Group I) and equal number of infertile females (Group II). Body mass index (BMI), blood glucose level, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were estimated with standard methods. α-tocopherol concentration was determined by non-antibody coated microplate method by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. LPO level was assessed by malondialdehyde quantification using spectrophotometry. Results: Infertile females showed any statistical difference in BMI and random blood glucose, but Hb levels reduced significantly as compared to fertile females. The mean duration of infertility was 5.69 years. In infertile females, serum α-tocopherol was decreased significantly from 16.88 to 8.87 μg/L which is 45.78% and serum LPO level was increased from 1.25 to 2.13 μmol/L, which is 70.40% as compared to fertile females. Conclusion: Infertile females of northern Karnataka showed lower α-tocopherol levels and greater potential for oxidative stress as compared to fertile females. These findings demonstrate imbalance in ROS production and antioxidant.

Compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, causes oxidative damage by enhancing vitamin C synthesis via reduced glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation through neutrophil infiltration in rat livers.

In this study, we examined whether compound 48/80 (C48/80), a mast cell degranulator, causes hepatic oxidative damage in rats. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were determined 0.5, 3 or 6 h after a single treatment with C48/80 (0.75 mg/kg). Serum histamine and serotonin levels increased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment but diminished thereafter. Increases in serum vitamin C (VC) and transaminases and hepatic hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide, and myeloperoxidase levels and a decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione level occurred 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment and further proceeded at 3 h, but these changes diminished at 6 h. Serum lipid peroxide and hepatic VC levels increased 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Hepatic glycogen level decreased 0.5 h after C48/80 treatment and further decreased at 3 h. Pre-administered ketotifen diminished all these changes found at 3 h after treatment, while pre-administered NPC 14686 diminished these changes except changes in serum histamine and serotonin levels. Hepatocellular apoptosis observed at 3 h after C48/80 treatment was attenuated by pre-administered ketotifen and NPC 14686. These results indicate that C48/80 causes oxidative damage by enhancing VC synthesis via reduced glutathione depletion-dependent glycogenolysis and lipid peroxidation through neutrophil infiltration following mast cell degranulation in rat livers.

The effect of dietary colostrum powder on performance, carcass yields and serum lipid peroxidation levels in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

ABSTRACTColostrum is a nutrient-dense fluid secreted by female mammals for the first few days following birth. Colostrum can be supplemented to poultry diets as a feed additive due to its nutritious and performance-enhancing properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary colostrum powder (CL-P, Alpha Lipid Lifeline Colostrum, New Zealand) on growing performance, carcass weight and yield, organ weights, serum vitamins and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 90 birds, one day old, were divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 replicate cages, 5 birds per cage. Birds were randomly fed on one of three diets: basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 2.5% or 5% of CL-P. At the end of the period of 42 days, CL-P supplementation increased final body weight (P < .0001), weight gain (P < .0001), feed intake (P = .03), feed efficiency (P < .0001), carcass weight (P < .0001) and carcass yield (P < .01). Amounts of serum MDA (P < .001) levels also increased with increasing supplemental CL-P. As a result, growth performance can be improved and serum lipid peroxidation can effectively be attenuated by dietary CL-P supplementation at 5% of diets in Japanese quail.

Lipid Peroxidation Serum Levels in Breast Cancer Patients

This prevalence study was conducted to compare lipid peroxide serum levels of breast cancer patients to a control group. Sixteen cases and 12 controls were interviewed for socio-demographic characteristics, medical, cancer and lifestyle history anthropometrical measurements and dietary assessment. A blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of serum lipid peroxides using a colorimetric endpoint assay. The prevalence odds ratio showed a strong and statistically significant inverse association (OR= 6.60; p= 0.02) between breast cancer and lipid peroxide levels. Lipid peroxide levels in serum were different between cases and controls although a level of statistical significance was not attained. The confounding effect of vitamin C, total fat intake, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intake was evaluated using a stratified analysis. It revealed that the association between breast cancer and lower lipid peroxidation levels remained strong even after controlling for the variables. Vitamin supplementation and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake appear to modify the levels of serum lipid peroxides. These findings are consistent with previous studies that showed possible inhibitory role of lipid peroxidation products on breast cancer growth.

Association between systemic oxidative stress and visual field damage in open-angle glaucoma

Local and systemic oxidative stress in intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and optic nerve damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We reported previously that a lower level of systemic antioxidative capacity is associated with IOP elevation in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We assessed the correlation between the visual field sensitivity value, i.e., mean deviation (MD), and systemic levels of prooxidants and antioxidants by analyzing the blood biochemistry in 202 patients with glaucoma. Serum levels of lipid peroxides, ferric-reducing activity, and thiol antioxidant activity were measured using the diacron reactive oxygen metabolite (dROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and sulfhydryl (SH) tests, respectively, using a free-radical analyzer. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested a positive correlation between MD and BAP (R = 0.005 and P = 0.0442 by a multiple regression model adjusted for seven demographic parameters), but no significant associations between the MD and the dROM (R = 0.002 and P = 0.8556) and SH tests (R = −0.001 and P = 0.8280). Use of more antiglaucoma medication and primary OAG rather than normal tension glaucoma also were associated significantly with worse visual field damage. This large and comprehensive assessment of the association between systemic redox status and visual field damage in OAG suggests that lower systemic antioxidant capacity measured by ferric-reducing activity is associated with more severe visual field damage in OAG that partly explained its roles in IOP elevation.

Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Cinnamomum tamala in rats

The present study was designed to scientifically evaluate the cardio protective potential of Ethanolic Extract of dried leaves of Cinnamomum tamala (Family: Lauraceae) (EECT), against doxorubicin induced myocardial infarction in Wistar albino rats. Myocardial infarction was produced in rats with 15mg/kg of doxorubicin administered intraperitoneally (i.p), in six divided doses for two weeks. Effect of oral treatment of EECT at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight), both in prophylactically and curatively manner was evaluated against doxorubicin (15mg/kg,i.p) induced myocardial infarction. Levels of marker enzymes- Creatinine Phospho Kinase (CPK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alanine Amino Transferase(ALT) and Aspartate Amino Transferase(AST) were estimated in both the serum and heart tissues; antioxidant parameters viz., catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in heart homogenate. Doxorubicin significantly increases the serum levels of marker enzymes and reduction of endogenous antioxidants when compared with normal rats. EECT elicited a significant cardio protective activity by lowering the levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of catalase. The study confirms the cardioprotective potential of EECT against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances: Markers of an Acute Episode and a Late Stage of Bipolar Disorder

Background: Lowered antioxidant defense systems and increased oxidative stress are implicated in bipolar disorders (BD). Early and late stages of BD may present different biological features (including the level of oxidative stress) and may therefore require different treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze serum levels of lipid peroxidation [measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a derivative of malondialdehyde] in BD patients at various stages and phases of the illness and compare their TBARS levels with those of healthy controls. Method: A total of 129 patients (58 in the depressive episode, 23 in the manic episode and 48 in remission) diagnosed with type I (n = 69) or type II (n = 60) BD and 50 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in the study. The level of lipid peroxidation was measured in blood serum using a TBARS assay kit. Results: TBARS levels in the acute episode of mania/hypomania and depression (but not in remission) were significantly higher than in healthy controls. With regard to the BD stage, both early- and late-stage BD TBARS levels were significantly increased in patients in the depressive episode. In late-stage BD, the TBARS level in patients in remission remained elevated compared with controls. A multiple regression model confirmed the association between the TBARS level and BD stage or acute BD. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that TBARS levels reflect the oxidative stress state which increases both in the acute phase of BD (mania/hypomania and depression) and with BD progression (stage).