Sequential Route Research Articles

Dissecting Key Factors Influencing Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Solutions over Nickel Single Atoms.

The direct electrochemical conversion of bicarbonate solutions (i.e., captured CO2) has emerged as a sustainable approach for integrating CO2 capture and utilization compared to the traditional independent and sequential route. However, the process of bicarbonate conversion is poorly understood, impeding the development of this new technology. Here, the study explores the critical factors influencing bicarbonate solution conversion over Ni single-atom catalysts, including catalyst structure, carbon source, electrolysis temperature, and electrolyzer type. The catalyst with better exposure of Ni sites and smaller charge transfer resistance exhibits higher activity for the conversion of both gaseous CO2 and bicarbonate solutions. In situ Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal that bicarbonate conversion follows a two-step pathway, that is, bicarbonate dissociation to generate CO2 followed by CO2 reduction to form CO over Ni sites. Increasing the electrolysis temperature promotes the dissociation of HCO3 - and boosts the CO production. More interestingly, switching the Ar/CO2 atmosphere affects the efficiency of CO production in H-cell but has no influence in membrane electrode assembly cell. Such a phenomenon is attributed to different CO2 sources. This work sheds light on the electrochemical conversion of various carbon solutions and establishes the connection between the conversion of gaseous CO2 and captured CO2.

Sequential dissociation of ionized benzonitrile: New pathways to reactive interstellar ions and neutrals

Since benzonitrile’s discovery in the interstellar medium (ISM) in 2018, several studies have explored the strongest unimolecular dissociations of its radical cation ( C6H5CN^ ). However, sequential dissociation processes, which become important when ionization occurs with significant excess energy transfer, have received almost no attention to date. The present metastable dissociative ionization experiments reveal 14 different dissociations, of which 11 have never been observed before. Nine of these new reactions involve the dissociation of a fragment ion. A notable result shows that C4H2^ production (the second most intense fragment ion in conventional mass spectra without metastable dissociation analysis) derives from sequential dissociation via C6H4^ as well as from the previously reported unimolecular dissociation of C6H5CN^ . Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate new pathways that produce astrochemically important neutrals including HCN CNH and CN^ as well as revealing CH^ and C3H^ production from ionized benzonitrile for the first time. In addition to the metastable dissociation experiments, we applied density functional theory to calculate two sequential dissociation routes and report the results of our detailed analysis of the peak shapes in a conventional mass spectrum of benzonitrile. The latter enabled the dominant ion to be identified in peaks with nearest-integer m/z values that match two conceivable ions. The present identification of C6H2N+ production using this approach allows its presence in the ISM to be inferred for the first time. This paper extends our understanding of how the dissociative ionization of benzonitrile can contribute to the abundances of radicals and other reactive species in interstellar environments.

Air Corridor Planning for Urban Drone Delivery: Complexity Analysis and Comparison via Multi-Commodity Network Flow and Graph Search

Urban drone delivery, a rapidly evolving sector, holds the potential to enhance accessibility, address last-mile delivery issues, and alleviate ground traffic congestion in cities. Effective Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) is essential to scale drone delivery. A critical aspect of UTM involves planning a city-wide network with spatially-separated air corridors (air routes). Most existing works have focused on routing problems or air traffic management. Compared to these problems, the air corridor planning problem requires much higher spatial and temporal resolutions and presents computational challenges due to the scale, complexity, and density of urban airspace, along with the coupling issues of multi-path planning. Therefore, we conducted this research to understand the complexity and computational resources required to optimally solve the air corridor planning problem. In this paper, we use a minimum-cost Multi-Commodity Network Flow (MCNF) model, a mathematical model, to model the problem and demonstrate the complexity of air corridor planning through the complexity of MCNF. We then apply Gurobi’s and GLPK’s integer programming (IP) solvers to find optimal solutions. Additionally, we present two existing multi-path graph search algorithms, the Sequential Route Network Planning (SRP) algorithm and the Distributed Route Network Planning (DRP) algorithm, to address this corridor planning problem. Numerical experiments conducted at various scales and settings using IP solvers and graph search algorithms indicate that finding an optimal solution requires significant computational resources and yields only a slight improvement in optimality compared to graph search algorithms. Thus, air corridor planning is complex both theoretically and numerically, and graph search algorithms can provide a feasible solution with good enough optimality for corridor planning in real-world scenarios. Moreover, the multi-path graph search algorithms can easily incorporate side constraints that are known to be impossible to solve with polynomial algorithms, making it more practical for real-world applications. Finally, we demonstrate the application of SRP and DRP in real-world 3D urban scenarios.

On-surface synthesis of porous graphene nanoribbons mediated by phenyl migration

Advancements in the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanostructures are propelled by the introduction of innovative precursor designs and reaction types. Until now, the latter has been confined to cross-coupling and cyclization reactions that involve the cleavage of specific atoms or groups. In this article, we elucidate how the migration of phenyl substituents attached to graphene nanoribbons can be harnessed to generate arrays of [18]-annulene pores at the edges of the nanostructures. This sequential pathway is revealed through a comprehensive study employing bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and ab-initio computational techniques. The yield of pore formation is maximized by anchoring the graphene nanoribbons at steps of vicinal surfaces, underscoring the potential of these substrates to guide reaction paths. Our study introduces a new reaction to the on-surface synthesis toolbox along with a sequential route, altogether enabling the extension of this strategy towards the formation of other porous nanostructures.

Thinly-walled NiFe2O4 nanotubes derived from Ni, Fe, N-codoped carbon nanofibers toward oxygen evolution reaction

NiFe2O4 has emerged as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, with outstanding stability in alkaline media and excellent redox properties. In order to further improve the catalytic performance, thinly-walled NiFe2O4 nanotubes (NiFe2O4-NTs), efficiently derivable from Ni, Fe, N-codoped carbon nanofibers, were innovatively synthesized through a sequential route combing hydrothermal, electrospinning, and high-temperature sintering in this work. The NiFe2O4-NTs possess large diameter of around 120 nm and their thickness of the tube wall is only about 10 nm. The surface properties of NiFe2O4 can be adjusted by forming the Ni-N/Fe-N bonds. Excitingly, largely exposed active surface area and boosted catalytic reaction kinetics toward oxygen evolution reaction are realized. The required overpotential to deliver 10 mA cm−2 is only 331 mV, accompanied with favorable Tafel slope of only 51.8 mV dec−1, small charge transfer resistance, and superior reaction stability.

The feasibility and applicability of sequential extraction of high value-added biogenic materials from sewage sludge.

The sequential extraction routes of biogenic materials from sewage sludge (SS) were investigated. Physical methods (ultrasound, heating) and chemical methods (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) were used to extract extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALEs) from SS. The residues after extraction were further subjected to physical methods (heating) and chemical methods (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide) for protein extraction. A comparison was made between sequential extraction routes and direct extraction of biomaterials from sludge in terms of extraction quantity, material properties, and applicability. The results showed that sequential extraction of biomaterials is feasible. The highest extraction quantities were obtained when using sodium carbonate for EPS and ALE extraction and sodium hydroxide for protein, reaching 449.80 mg/gVSS, 109.78 mg/gVSS, and 5447.08 mg/L, respectively. Sequential extraction procedures facilitate the extraction of biomaterials. Finally, suitable extraction methods for different application scenarios were analyzed.

Determinants Influencing Korean Agri- Food Companies’ Modes of Overseas Market Entry

Purpose - Faced with the constraints of a limited domestic market, the Korean agri-food industry necessitates regional diversification through the establishment of offshoring production subsidiaries. This study tests the validity of Root’s model of the determinants of offshoring and sequential entry to overseas markets on Korean agri-food companies’ offshoring of production subsidiaries. Design/Methodology – This study employs the convergent mixed-methods research design, wherein qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis are conducted, then compared, before interpreting the data affecting Korean agri-food outward direct investment (ODI). Methodologically, based on Korean agri-food manufacturing company ODI data from the KOTRA, a survey was conducted to quantitatively analyze the factors influencing their selection of production subsidiaries for ODI. Findings – Though Korean agri-food companies also consider Root’s external factors when selecting overseas entry methods, the sequential entry route and selection model, factors theorized to influence Root’s overseas market entry method, were not found to be statistically significant. Instead, they tailor their market entry approach based on the type of investment and the operating objectives of the local subsidiary. This is attributed to Korean agri-food companies’ deviation from sequential entry routes when entering markets through ODI, as well as the determination of the form and type of investment of these overseas subsidiaries according to the purpose of their operations. Originality/value - This study distinguishes itself by employing a convergent mixed-methods design, which combines quantitative and qualitative analyses to identify the determinants of ODI market entry by Korean agri-food companies. Furthermore, it evaluates Root’s market entry model from the perspective of Korean agri-food companies.

Long-range magnon transfer across a bridging ferromagnetic chain via sequential and tunnel routes

A theoretical study of the mechanism of magnon transfer through a ferromagnetic chain (F) has been carried out from magnetically ordered contact A to similar contact B (AFB system). The regime of spin excitation transport is considered, when the inner section of the chain with identical paramagnetic units acts as a bridge for magnon transfer and thereby is poorly populated by magnons. In this case, the magnon transfer can be carried out by sequential hopping the localized magnon across all units of the chain or/and tunneling the magnon between the terminal units of the chain by a “superexchange” mechanism. The latter involves in the tunneling route the virtual delocalized magnons. The analytical dependence of the corresponding transfer rates on the number of paramagnetic bridge units is found and the magnon analog of the Seebeck and Peltier effects is predicted.

Organo-inorganic hybrid IPN sourced porous carbons and their lead decontamination perspectives

The present communication is about generation of porous carbons through sacrificial template route, from organo-inorganic hybrid interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) and their use as a remediation tool for the removal of lead ions from contaminated water. The hybrid IPN's between phenol-formaldehyde (PF) polymer and silica were formed through sequential IPN formation route, in which, silica network was formed first through sol-gel process involving tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) dispersed in phenolic resin followed by thermal crosslinking of the later. The resulting PF/SiO2 IPNs were transformed to C/SiO2 composites through carbonization at 1000 °C under inert atmosphere with silica contents ranging from 10 to 70 %. The silica phase was sacrificed through hydrogen fluoride (HF) leaching to obtain porous carbons, which were further chemically activated with KOH. The derived porous carbons had hierarchical open pore geometry with majority of the pores belonging to the meso category. The carbons were employed to scavenge lead (Pb2+) ions from aqueous effluents and a maximum uptake of 177.3 mg of Pb2+ ions per gram of the adsorbent, was achieved with the present carbons. The adsorption was studied with standard adsorption models, such as Langmuir and Freundlich, of which a better compliance with Langmuir model was noted. Adsorption between the PFSiC carbons and Pb2+ ions obeyed second order kinetics.

N−SO3H Functionalised Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysed Sequential One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐Cyanopyridines via Claisen‐Schmidt Condensation Under Solvent‐free Condition

AbstractThis work presents a simple approach for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridines via a one pot two‐step sequential route catalysed by direct N‐−SO3H functionalised Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs). Herein, catalytic activities of four BAILs namely ([TSPi][Cl]2, [DSIM][TFA], [EDSIM][TFA] and [DBDSA][TFA]) were explored and among them [TSPi][Cl]2 was found to be the most efficient reusable homogeneous catalyst. This process involves the ionic liquid catalysed in situ generation of chalcones from Claisen‐Schmidt condensation between aromatic aldehydes and acetophenone/4‐Cl acetophenone, followed by multicomponent reaction (MCR) with malononitrile and ammonium acetate using the same IL catalyst to selectively produce 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridine derivatives in a solvent‐free medium at 80 °C within 30–60 minutes in high yields (96–86 %). This amalgamation of MCR with ionic liquids and solvent‐free conditions makes the present work more compliant with the protocols of Green Chemistry.

Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process.

The utilization of coconut diethanolamide (p-CDEA) as a substitute polyol for petroleum-based polyol in fully biobased rigid polyurethane-urea foam (RPUAF) faces challenges due to its short chain and limited cross-linking capability. This leads to compromised cell wall resistance during foam expansion, resulting in significant ruptured cells and adverse effects on mechanical and thermal properties. To address this, a novel sequential amidation-prepolymerization route was employed on coconut oil, yielding a hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane-urea) prepolymer polyol (COPUAP). Compared to p-CDEA, COPUAP exhibited a decreased hydroxyl value (496.3-473.2 mg KOH/g), an increase in amine value (13.464-24.561 mg KOH/g), and an increase in viscosity (472.4-755.8 mPa·s), indicating enhanced functionality of 34.3 mgKOH/g and chain lengthening. Further, COPUAP was utilized as the sole B-side polyol in the production of RPUAF (PU-COPUAP). The improved functionality of COPUAP and its improved cross-linking capability during foaming have significantly improved cell morphology, resulting in a remarkable 4.7-fold increase in compressive strength (132-628 kPa), a 3.5-fold increase in flexural strength (232-828 kPa), and improved insulation properties with a notable decrease in thermal conductivity (48.02-34.52 mW/m·K) compared to PU-CDEA in the literature. Additionally, PU-COPUAP exhibited a 16.5% increase in the water contact angle (114.93° to 133.87°), attributing to the formation of hydrophobic biuret segments and a tightly packed, highly cross-linked structure inhibiting water penetration. This innovative approach sets a new benchmark for fully biobased rigid foam production, delivering high load-bearing capacity, exceptional insulation, and significantly improved hydrophobicity.

1D/3D dual carbon-supported Mott-Schottky-type Co-Co2P heterojunctions for pH-universal hydrogen evolution

The rational design of low-cost, efficient, and stable heterojunction catalysts for pH-universal hydrogen evolution is attracting increasing attention towards a sustainable hydrogen economy. Herein, a sequential spatial restriction-pyrolysis route is developed to confine Mott-Schottky-type Co-Co2P heterojunctions embedded in the one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube-modified three-dimensional (3D) N,P dual-doped carbon matrix (Co-Co2P@CNT//CM). The synergistic effect between the abundant Mott-Schottky heterointerfaces and the 1D/3D dual carbon confinement system enables fully exposed active sites and facilitated charge transfer dynamics, thus triggering favorable electronic structures of Co-Co2P@CNT//CM. As a result, Co-Co2P@CNT//CM heterojunctions exhibit excellent pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with overpotentials of 142, 205, and 262 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 1.0 M KOH, and 1.0 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. The theoretical results demonstrated that the Mott-Schottky effect can induce an oriented interfacial charge exchange between Co and Co2P. This can lower the reactive kinetic barrier and endow Co-Co2P@CNT//CM with ideal hydrogen adsorption free energy, which efficiently drives the production of H2 from electrolytic water.

Synthesis route for transparent CuI thin films with tunable resistivities between 10–3 and 102 Ω‧cm: Chemical solution deposition of CuS2, annealing, and gas–solid iodination

A versatile three-step sequential reaction route is presented to synthesize transparent copper iodide thin films with resistivities that can be selected in the 10–3 to 102 Ω‧cm range. The reaction process consists of (1) the chemical solution deposition of copper(I) disulfide films, (2) the synthesized copper(I) disulfide annealing at different temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 150 °C depending on the desired copper iodide resistivity, and (3) the iodination of the resulting copper(I,II) sulfides films by a gas–solid reaction with iodine vapor. The novelty of the procedure is the incorporation of versatile techniques and the consideration of the temperature-dependent formation of different types of copper sulfides, which produce copper iodide films with different electrical properties after iodination. All the films resulted quite transparent, homogeneous, and showed good adhesion to the glass substrates.

A centrality measure for grid street network considering sequential route choice behaviour

This study proposes a novel centrality measure for a grid network based on pedestrians’ sequential route choices, which we call sequential choice betweenness centrality (SCBC). Although conventional centralities are popular tools for urban network analysis, we must be aware of their meaning in the context of urban planning. This study reinterprets the centralities at the point of pedestrian flow. We then formulate the pedestrian flow distribution based on sequential route choice and develop the SCBC as a function of the probability of going straight at an intersection. The sensitivity analysis shows the probability of minimising the difference between the SCBC and existing centralities while revealing the numerical and spatial features of the SCBC. The more biased the grid proportion, the less similar the SCBC is to the existing ones. Moreover, the SCBC tends to be larger than conventional centralities around the corner nodes of the grid network. The probability parameterises the SCBC to go straight and is related to the pedestrian’s environmental cognition level. This parameterisation enabled us to adapt to the expected pedestrian attribution and perform an in-depth analysis of street networks.

A Cost-Effective Sequential Route Recommender System for Taxi Drivers

This paper develops a cost-effective sequential route recommender system to provide real-time routing recommendations for vacant taxis searching for the next passenger. We propose a prediction-and-optimization framework to recommend the searching route that maximizes the expected profit of the next successful passenger pickup based on the dynamic taxi demand-supply distribution. Specifically, this system features a deep learning-based predictor that dynamically predicts the passenger pickup probability on a road segment and a recursive searching algorithm that recommends the optimal searching route. The predictor integrates a graph convolution network (GCN) to capture the spatial distribution and a long short-term memory (LSTM) to capture the temporal dynamics of taxi demand and supply. The GCN-LSTM model can accurately predict the pickup probability on a road segment with the consideration of potential taxi oversupply. Then, the dynamic distribution of pickup probability is fed into the route optimization algorithm to recommend the optimal searching routes sequentially as route inquiries emerge in the system. The recursion tree-based route optimization algorithm can significantly reduce the computational time and provide the optimal routes within seconds for real-time implementation. Finally, extensive experiments using Beijing Taxi GPS data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed recommender system. History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science and Machine Learning. Funding: This work was partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grants CityU 21500220, CityU 11504322] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72201222]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0112 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0112 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

Enhanced single-electron transfer for efficiently photocatalytic H2O2 production over g-C3N4 decorated with TEMPO-oxidized cellulosic carbon

Designing efficient semiconductors for photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) without sacrificial agent is an urgent challenge for H2O2 production under ambient condition. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) exhibits controllable regulation in band structure and light absorption for photocatalytic process. However, the photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis by pristine g-C3N4 is poor due to the fast recombination of photogenerated carriers and unfavorable selectivity of ORR. To enhance the photocatalytic H2O2 production, different types of carbon can use in combination with g-C3N4. In the present work, we show how cellulose fiber from bamboo can lead to hybrid C/ g-C3N4 photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity and H2O2 production rate of 121.75 μmol·L−1·h−1, which is 6.2-fold higher than that of pure g-C3N4 without any sacrificial agent. The experimental results confirmed that TEMPO-cellulose derived hydrophilic carbon can not only accelerate the transfer of photo-generated electrons as well as efficient charge carrier separation, but also promote the sequential two-step single-electron ORR route. Thus, this work provides a pioneering perspective for tuning the electronic interaction between g-C3N4 and cellulosic carbon for enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis.

Interplay of Dual-Proton Transfer Relay to Achieve Full-Color Panel Luminescence in Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Fluorophores.

A new design was applied for the facile synthesis of pure organic photoluminescent molecules with dual excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) sites. In this novel class of emitters, full-color panel emission from blue, green, and yellow to red, including white light, can be achieved in different solvents as modulated by the enol-keto(1st)-keto(2nd) tautomer emissions. A comprehensive transient photophysical study verifies that keto(1st) and keto(2nd) have a precursor (<0.8 ps)-successor (∼20 ps)-relayed absorbance relationship, and then a fast equilibrium between the two is established, resulting in dual emissions in the nanosecond scale (∼1900 ps). Through the research on copper ions' selective PL response, the dual-ESIPT mechanism was further verified; in addition, the study of solid-state PL changes upon the stimulus of organic vapor manifests the potential application sensitivity of the molecules as dual-ESIPT sensors. Theoretical results including reaction potential energy surface analyses manifest the fact that dual-proton transfer goes along a sequential route with a smaller energy barrier, firmly supporting the experimental results. An intrinsic system that undergoes intramolecular double proton relayed transfer is thus established for the achievement of much broadened optical responses and full-color display, providing reference for the design and application of advanced dual-ESIPT optical materials.

Exploring Tourists’ Multilevel Spatial Cognition of Historical Town Based on Multi-Source Data—A Case Study of Feng Jing Ancient Town in Shanghai

Conducting research on the spatial cognition of tourists in historical towns helps to balance cultural heritage protection and tourism development. However, the current tourist cognition research is not comprehensive enough in terms of data sources, time dimension, and spatial objects. This research takes Fengjing Ancient Town in Shanghai as an example, and through multi-source data analysis explores how tourists’ perception and cognition of the attractions changes, discusses the impacts of characteristic of spatial system and elements on perception, and then establishes a spatial cognition analysis framework involving time dimension, cognitive depth, and spatial type. On-site aerial photos, Sina Weibo check-in data, tourist memory maps, and photos from tourism websites were used to classify tourists’ spatial cognition through content analysis, theme classification, and GIS spatial analysis. This research finds that tourists have formed three cognitive levels in the travel process, from “initial spatial consciousness” to “place memory” then to “imagery perception”. Meanwhile, space is the most important object of tourists’ cognition, and it is also the carrier of other intangible cultures. In terms of spatial cognition and ancient town tourism, this research finds the tourists’ spatial cognition of Fengjing Ancient Town is related to the main river and main tourist routes that represent the image characteristics of the ancient town. This research shows that clear boundaries of tourism space, richer folk activities, and more sequential tourism routes could help tourists form a more systematic spatial cognition. Based on the findings, this research also establishes an analysis and application framework of tourists’ multilevel spatial cognition to provide optimization suggestions for development of tourism.

Beneficial effects of nickel promoter on the efficiency of alumina-supported Co3O4 catalysts for lean methane oxidation

In this work bimetallic Ni catalysts supported over Co-Al2O3 and monometallic Co-Al2O3 and Ni-Al2O3 catalysts were examined for the complete oxidation of methane. With a 30 % total metallic loading, the samples were synthesized by a sequential precipitation route. All samples were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning-transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen and methane. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the temperature range of 200–600 °C with a space velocity of 60.000 h−1. The bimetallic catalysts showed a better behavior in the oxidation reaction than the monometallic counterparts, mainly due to the good dispersion of Ni on the surface of the Co-Al2O3 samples. This has enabled the insertion of Ni2+ ions into the cobalt spinel lattice, which in turn provoked an increase in the amount of Co3+ species, and a subsequent enhanced mobility of oxygen species in the spinel. In this sense, the 5Ni/25Co catalyst showed the best performance, thus reducing the value of the T50 by 25 °C with respect to the monometallic catalysts.

Statistically optimized sequential hydrothermal route for FeTiO3 surface modification: evaluation of hazardous cationic dyes adsorptive removal.

In the present study, the performance of facile hybrid sequential chemical treatments of titanomagnetite concentrate (TC), alkaline leaching, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modification has been evaluated for the removal of crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB) cationic dyes. The physical and chemical properties of samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Moreover, dye removal in the batch system was investigated by evaluating adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration, pH of the solution, temperature, electrolyte concentration, adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at SDS concentration of 6mM, NaOH concentration of 9M, the temperature of 160°C, solid/liquid ratio of 4g/100mL, and the process duration of 24h. In the alkaline leaching process, forming the Na2TiO3 phase with sharp and high energy points can be improved the adsorption properties. Accordingly, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency attained 19.84, 18.64, and 19.66mg/g and 99.21, 93.24, and 98.31% for CV, MG, and MB, respectively. Furthermore, the dye removal followed pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9990) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.9970) models. The evaluation of thermodynamic parameters indicated the endothermic (∆H° = 110.91J/mol) and spontaneous nature (ΔG˚ < 0) of the adsorption process. This study concluded that the modified TC had a potential ability for application in textile wastewater treatment.