Segara Anakan Research Articles

KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR KECAMATAN KAMPUNG LAUT DALAM MENGHADAPI PENYUSUTAN LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN

The existence of Segara Anakan Lagoon increasingly getting worse. The amount of sedimentation rate makes the lagoon has height sediment. In addition the environmental degradation that happen caused by community activity, this can make worsening the situation. This study aims to assess the resilience capacity index of lagoon community in Kampung Laut Sub-district towards the decline of lagoon area. The variables used in this study are economic, human, social, physical and ecological. The five variables have indicators that can represent the resilience if lagoon community in Kampung Laut sub-district. Based on the results of the analysis conducted, it can be seen that the resilience index of the Kampung Laut community is in the medium category with a index of 0.52. However, if this assess more deeply, the resilience of Kampung Laut community might occur because the external factor more dominating than internal factors. This situation makes the Kampung Laut community resilience pretending to have enough resistance than the real condition. Behind this condition, it makes the community dependent on assistance from external parties, so the Kampung Laut community resilience gained not because they are empowered but there are other factors that influence it.

Macrozoobenthos community structure in the Western Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Rimadiyani W, Krisanti M, Sulistiono. 2019. Macrozoobenthos community structure in the Western Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1588-1596. Anthropogenic activity along the river and around the coastal area will potentially generate waste as it can cause the decline of water quality and affect the lives of macrozoobenthos. This study aimed to study macrozoobenthos community structure in western Segara Anakan Lagoon and its relationship with water physical-chemical quality. The study was conducted from June to November 2016, at six stations of the lagoon. Macrozoobenthos obtained during the study consisted of four phyla (Annelida, Mollusca, Crustacea, and Sipuncula), six classes, and 33 genera. The highest abundance of macrozoobenthos was at Station 6 (193 ind./m2) dominated by Malacostraca and the lowest abundance of macrozoobenthos was at Station 1 (13 ind./m2) dominated by Bivalvia. Diversity, Evenness and dominance indices of the macrozoobenthos were 0.0-2.0, 0-0.8, and 0.4-1.0, respectively, indicating a medium ecologically stressed. Mud substrate condition with high percentage of organic material affected the community structure of the macrozoobenthos expressed by a high density and diversity, but low dominance indices.

Scalar fixes of environmental management in Java, Indonesia

This paper analyses the emergence and fixing of scales in struggles over environmental issues. Using the example of watershed and coastal management in Java, we show how political framings of environmental matters and struggles over resources are linked to scalar regimes. We conceptualise these regimes as scalar fixes in which scales of intervention and scales of knowledge production are bound by environmental narratives and social–ecological processes to produce lock-in effects for prolonged periods of time. In our empirical case, particular scales were central in providing ‘problem closure’ and legitimising interventions while precluding other problematisations. Sedimentation of the Segara Anakan lagoon, first desired to support conversion into a rice bowl, was later framed as threat caused by upland peasants. The lock-in of interpretive framings and scales of observation and intervention, which was linked to politics of forest control, impeded debate on the various causes of sedimentation. With our newly defined concept of scalar fixes we contribute to understanding environmental narratives and related knowledge, providing a complement to the micro-perspectives on the stabilisation of knowledge claims currently discussed in cultural and political ecology. In doing so, we offer an approach to scalar analysis of environmental conflicts linking environmental narratives with the material social–ecological processes enrolled.

Tropic Status Assesment in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia : Experience in Applying the Trophic Index Trix

Segara Anakan is a large lagoon, located along the southern coast on western part of Central Java, Indonesia 108° 46’−109° 05’E; 7° 34’−7° 48’S. It has an important ecosystem role as a nursery ground, so that it is important to have further study of the primary productivity. The human activities around the area and natural factors sedimentation has changed the inrush input to the lagoon. Feared, it will influence the change in tropic status of the lagoon, and will cause the average degradation of the primary productivity value. The aim of the research is to explore the study of the primary productivity in Segara Anakan lagoon (SAL) with tropic status assesment. Index TRIX has been used for evaluating long-term trend and spatial trophic pattern in the lagoon with linear combination of the log of 4 state variables: chlorophyll-a, aD%O, macronutrient : Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total phospat (TP). The main objective of this study is to estimating tropic status with spatio-temporal approach. The spatial approach is done on 7 stations (S) with representations: (S) natural factors and (S) the presence of anthropogenic activities. The temporal approach (time series) for a year refers to the monsoon wind pattern (west, transition I, east and transition II) season. The results of laboratory tests are discussed descriptively. Index TRIX assesment in SAL shows that point values, exceeding 6 TRIX units are typical of highly productive coastal waters, where the effects of eutrophication determine frequent episodes of anoxia in bottom waters and indicated by high Habs phytoplankton. The effects of highest rainfall at transition II season, anthropogenic pressure, aquatic hydrodynamics are thought to cause in the increasing of SAL macronutrients which trigger eutrophication of waters. Management and lagoon management strategies are required by the local government, stakeholders and communities to prevent the phenomenon of eutrophication of the lagoon.

The mangrove landscaping based On Water Quality: (Case Study in Segara Anakan Lagoon and Meranti Island)

The ability of mangrove ecosystem to decrease impact of water quality, including in Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) and Meranti Island. The mangrove ecosystem has specific species to adapt water quality and other environment factors. The method of this research used transects method, vegetation analysis and water quality analysis. The results showed that(1) the mangrove species were Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnoriza, Bruguiera parviflora, Celedendrum inerme, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lumnitzera racemosa, Nypa fruticans, Pandanus sp., Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum (Meranti Island) and Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorryza, Bruguiera sexangula, Bruguiera parviflora, Aegyceras corniculatum, Ceriops tagal, Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Xylocarpus granatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera littoralis and Nypa frutican (SAL) (2) Water qualities were salinity 14,27 ppt, pH 4,98, N-total 0,17 mg/l, phosphate 20,14 mg/l, pyrite 0,71 % (Meranti Island) and water salinity (18 until 31 ppt), pH of water (6,7 until 7,07), pH of soil (5,75 until 6,18), N-total (0,12 until 0,26%), phosphate (10,98 until 14,73 % ), C organic (1,18 until 1,57 %) (SAL).

Analysis of Carotenoids and the Identification of Mangrove Sediment Bacteria of Segara Anakan, Cilacap

The excessive consumption of artificial dyes can lead to negative effects on human body. Thus, the invention of natural dyes, such as carotenoids, is needed in order to reduce the negative impacts. Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and reddish yellow pigments produced by plants, animals, algae, and microorganisms. This study was aimed to analyze the carotenoid pigments of mangrove sediment bacteria in Segara Anakan, Cilacap, and to identify species of bacteria that can produce carotenoids. Carotenoids were analysed by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Meanwhile molecular identification of bacteria was carried by 16S rDNA PCR and DNA sequence was analysed through a program called Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The kinship of bacteria was shown in Phylogenetic tree by using Bioedit and MEGA 5 software. Qualitative analysis by using TLC produced several pigments like: β-carotene, β-isorenieraten, lycopene, flavonoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and a feofitin with Rf value of 0.36-0.95. Quantitative analysis showed that bacteria KH (greenish yellow), KT (dark yellow) and KM (light yellow) produced carotenoids at 95.30 mg.g-1, 110.34 mg.g-1 and 25.349 mg.g-1. KH, KT and KM were suspected to be bacteria known as Streptomyces chartreusis, Bacillus megaterium and Streptomyces chromofuscus with similarity of 99%. Mangrove sediment bacteria had the potential of producing carotenoids as an alternative of eco-friendly natural dyes.

Heavy metal content of tank goby (Glossogobius giuris) in East Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia

Segara Anakan is a semi-close water ecosystem which is connected to Donan River (industrial and residential areas) in the east and Citanduy River (agricultural area) in the west. Most activity in those areas can produce a waste which becomes sources of harmful pollutants to the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the content level of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cu and Cd) in muscle and safety level consumption of the tank goby (<em>Glossogobius giuris</em>) in the area. This study was conducted for 4 months in June, August, September and October 2017 at the waters of East Segara Anakan Lagoon of Cilacap (Central Java Province), The heavy metal concentration in the muscle was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Based on the analysis, the heavy metal contents of Pb, Hg, Cu, and Cd in the tank goby were 0-0.005 mg/kg, 0-0.044 mg/kg, 0.164-0.293 mg/kg, and 0.001-0.032 mg/kg, respectively and these contents were under the safety limit. Safety level of consumption of the fish was 837.3 g/week (for adult) and 251.2 g/week (for children).<br /><br />

Variability in the organic carbon stocks, sources, and accumulation rates of Indonesian mangrove ecosystems

Mangrove ecosystems are an important natural carbon sink that accumulate and store large amounts of organic carbon (Corg), in particular in the sediment. However, the magnitude of carbon stocks and the rate of carbon accumulation (CAR) vary geographically due to a large variation of local factors. In order to better understand the blue carbon sink of mangrove ecosystems, we measured organic carbon stocks, sources and accumulation rates in three Indonesian mangrove ecosystems with different environmental settings and conditions; (i) a degraded estuarine mangrove forest in the Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), Central Java, (ii) an undegraded estuarine mangrove forest in Berau region, East Kalimantan, and (iii) a pristine marine mangrove forest on Kongsi Island, Thousand Islands, Jakarta. In general, Corg stocks were higher in estuarine than in marine mangroves, although a large variation was observed among the estuarine mangroves. The mean total Corg stock in Berau (615 ± 181 Mg C ha−1) is twice as high as that in SAL (298 ± 181 Mg C ha−1). However, the Segara Anakan Lagoon displayed large within-system variation with a much higher Corg stock in the eastern (483 ± 124 Mg C ha−1) than in the central lagoon (167 ± 36 Mg C ha−1). The predominant accumulation of autochthonous mangrove organic matter likely contributed to the higher Corg stocks in Berau and the eastern SAL. Interestingly, the CAR distribution pattern in SAL is opposite to that of its Corg stocks. The central SAL that receives high sediment inputs from the hinterland has a much higher CAR than the eastern SAL (658 ± 311 g C m−2 yr−1 and 194 ± 46 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively), while Berau has one of the highest CAR (1722 ± 183 g C m−2 yr−1) ever measured. It appears that these large differences are driven by the environmental setting and conditions, mainly sediment dynamics and hydrodynamics, landform, and vegetation conditions. It is inferred that quantifying carbon accumulation in sediments is a useful tool in estimating the present-day carbon storage of mangrove ecosystems. This is a precondition for taking measures under REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) schemes.

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS USING SPOT-6 DATA IN SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP

Spatial distribution and concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is one of the coastal parameters which are required to be examined in order to understand the quality of the water. Rapid development of remote sensing technology has resulted in the emergence of various methods to estimate TSS concentration. SPOT-6 data has spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics that can be used to estimate TSS concentration. The purposes of this research are (1) to determine the best method for estimating TSS concentration, (2) to map TSS distribution, and (3) to determine the correlation between TSS concentration and chlorophyll-a concentration using SPOT-6 data in Segara Anakan. The estimation of TSS concentration in this research was performed using empirical model built from SPOT-6 and TSS field data. Bands used in this research are single band data (blue, green, red, and near infrared) and transformed bands such as band ratio (12 combinations), Normalized Difference Suspended Solid Index (NDSSI), and Suspended Solid Concentration Index (SSC). The result shows that blue, green, red, and near infrared bands and SSC index significantly correlated to TSS. Afterwards, regression analysis was performed to determine the function that can be used to predict TSS concentration using SPOT-6 data. Regression function used are linear and non-linear (exponential, logarithmic, 2nd order polynomial, and power). The best model was chosen based on the accuracy assessment using Standard Error of Estimate (SE). The selected model was used to calculate total TSS concentration and was correlated with chlorophyll-a field data. The result of accuracy test shows that the model from blue band has an accuracy of 70.68 %, green band 70.68 %, red band 75.73 %, near infrared band 65.58 %, and SSC 73.67 %. The accuracy test shows that red band produced the best prediction model for mapping TSS concentration distribution. The total TSS concentration, which was calculated using red band empirical model, is estimated to be 6.13 t. According to the correlation test, TSS concentration in Segara Anakan has no significant correlation with chlorophyll-a concentration, with a coefficient correlation value of -0.265.

THE EFFECTS OF RAINFALL ON Penaeus monodon Fabricius POPULATIONS IN THE SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) is widely known as a traditional fishing ground for many aquatic organisms and is located in Central Java, in an area with high rainfall rates. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of rainfall on the distribution of Penaeus monodon Fabricius in SAL and/or mangrove waters and to explain the cause of yearly fluctuations in this area’s fish catch during a 13-year period from 1998 to 2011. The effects of rainfall on the local distribution and abundance of shrimp in SAL, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia, were examined using the Anco method for three periods, namely: first period (i.e., commercial catch production, 1998–2011), second period (December 2010–November 2011) and third period (December 2011–April 2012) as part of a shrimp fishery and eco-biology study in this region. The marked increase in rainfall from 557 mm during the East Monsoon (June–August) to 1,225 mm in the second transition season (September–November) and West Monsoon (December–February) in the Segara Anakan region enhanced the seasonal movement of shrimp into the Zone IV fishing ground and produced an initial increase in the abundance of adults (CL>25 mm) in the region from 312 to 2,630 individuals. This initial increase in adult abundance enhanced the shrimp’s reproductive potential, while heavy rainfall indirectly assisted the recruitment of young shrimp into the estuary, their growth, and survival, to increase shrimp abundance in the following year. Lower rainfalls from July to September) adversely affected shrimp population and usually resulted in smaller populations (312 individuals). Statistical analysis of the relationship between shrimp catch and annual rainfall showed a high level of significance at 1%.

Mangrove landscaping using the modulus of elasticity and rupture properties to reduce coastal disaster risk

Hazards in coastal areas such as tsunamis, abrasion and sea level rise may cause ecosystem degradation, building damage, and human death. One strategy to mitigate the possible impacts of such risks is to design mangrove landscaping. This design uses the wood properties of modulus of elasticity (MoE), modulus of rupture (MoR), and other properties. MoE and MoR reflect the strength of wood to reduce the impact of hydrodynamic forces in coastal areas. The destructive method was used to analyze the MoE and MoR of mangrove trees from two stations (West Segara Anakan and East Segara Anakan), which have 20 sampling plots (size 10 m × 10 m) as replicates for each station. The results showed that mangrove species have MoE score ranging from 50.000 kg cm−3 to 171.802 kg cm−3 and MoR score ranging from 400 kg cm−3 to 1503.44 kg cm−3. Accordingly, mangrove landscaping design in West and East Segara Anakan based on MoE and MoR properties were proposed with the following classes: class 1 Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera parviflora, class 2 B. gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, R. stylosa and R. mucronata, class 3 Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum and X. moluccensis and class 4 Nypa frutican and Casuarina equisetifolia.

Distribution and Habitat Karakteristics of Shrimp Juvenile in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Shrimp is a wealth of fishery resources are abundant and has a high economic value in Laguna Segara lagoon. So the existence and habitat of life from larvae to adult need attention to maintain the survival of shrimp. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the distribution of abundance and characteristics of shrimp juvenile habitat in Segara Anakan lagoon. Sampling is done 3 times (June, August and October 2013), with 9 stations Observation station. The results showed that the abundance of shrimp based on the amount in Segara Anakan lagoon was dominated by Metapenaeus elegans (205-8723 ind./1000 m2), whereas the abundance of M. ensis, F merguensis, P. semisulcatus and P. monodon relatively low had the same habitat , ie waters with high fertility and relatively low salinity, relatively high pH. Found in Motean observation station, Muara Dua, Kleces and Majingklak. Harpiosquilla annandalei (0-330 ind/1000 m2), P. monodon (0-238 ind/1000 m2), and Acetes sp (0.1-5.196 ind/1000 m2) sounded a lot of water habitat that contain BOT and high zooplankton abundance. Thus the shrimp Harpiosquilla annandalei, P. monodon, and Acetes sp are found in Tritih observation stations, and are quite commonly found in Kleces observation stations. Keywords: abundance, habitat preferences, juvenile shrimp, Segara Anakan Lagoon

Water temperature variation of Segara Anakan, Sempu Island, South Malang, Indonesia in relation to the climate variation

Water temperature variation and its correlation to meteorological factors and climate variation was studied at Segara Anakan Lagoon of Sempu Island during January 2012 to December 2013. Tidbit water temperature data, ECMWF meteorological data, climatic indices were analysed statistically. The result showed that the range of water temperature was between 23.7 to 30.4°C. Pearson correlation between water temperature and meteorological factors varied seasonally. The highest water temperature (30.4°C) occurred in Northwest Monsoon, was mainly affected by precipitation (r = -0.999). While, the lowest ones (23.7°C) in Southeast Monsoon, was affected by all meteorological factors. Furthermore, in transitional seasons (transitional-1: r = 0.977; transitional-2: r = 0.744), it was affected by solar radiation. This study also informed that there was no difference between water temperature and satellite SST (t<ttab: 1.288<2.074; sig: 0.211>0.05) which showed that satellite SST were able to substitute the limited in situ data (Tidbit water temperature). PCA analysis indicated that climate factors (mainly SOI and DMI) affected water temperature of Segara Anakan. Present study suggested that good quality with direct and continuous measurement of local water temperature data and compiled with meteorological data and climate index were important for further prediction of water temperature variation as climate adaptation in South Malang.

Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces SAE4034 Isolated from Segara Anakan Mangrove Rhizosphere against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Actinomycetes SAE4034 isolates was isolated from Rhizophora apiculata rhizosphere mud showed some antibacterial properties. The antibacterial ability of this isolate has not been tested on antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, there was no research has been reported regarding actinomycetes from Segara Anakan mangrove area resulting compounds inhibit the growth of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to investigate its capability against antibiotics resistant bacteria or multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). The research aimed to know the ability of actinomycetes SAE4034 in inhibit MDR bacteria and to identify the species profiles. The research methods included isolate characterization involving morphology, physiology/enzymatic and molecular properties. MDR bacterial inhibition assay, antibacterial compound extraction and antibacterial compound test using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observation of morphological and biochemical properties, DNA isolation, amplification and analysis of 16SrRNA sequence, and phylogeny tree analysis. The methods of this study included MDR anti-bacterial assay and antibacterial compound test. Subsequent step was isolate characterization including observation of morphological and physiological / enzymatic properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp., but no inhibition to Enterobacter cloacae. The bioactive compound showed 4 spots with Rf values of 0.36; 0.45; 0.54; and 0.6. Based on morphology, physiology / enzymatic and 16S rRNA gene sequences characteristics, actinomycetes SAE4034 isolate is Streptomyces sp. This research showed new Streptomyces strain that serves as a source of MDR antibacterial compounds and useful in development of antibiotic for combating infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria

THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, CILACAP, CENTRAL JAVA – INDONESIA

This paper is heavily drafted from a research conducted at Segara Anakan Lagoon in 2000. The lagoon is located on the south of Central Java coast and immediately to the northwest of Cilacap District, Central Java Province, and it is about 350 km southeast of Jakarta. The lagoon and its surroundings are marked by several distinctive features, including an extensive mangrove system, very rapid sedimentation, leading to progradation of the shoreline, strong tidal influence and the presence of many fish, crab and shrimp varieties. The main objective of the paper is to prepare the Segara Anakan environs so as to ensure that economically and socially valuable ecosystems are protected for the benefit of current and future generations. The method applied in the study was descriptive analysis of the collected secondary data to support the results of the study. The results of the study showed that commercial cutting and degradation of the mangroves must be controlled through related and concerned agencies, and there was a need to prepare more sustainable basis for conserving and developing the lagoon’s resources in the future. On the basis of the study results, formulated recommendation is as the following: the mangrove forest need to be protected by preparing forest management guidance and instructions that can easily be accessed and operated by Kampung Laut people. Besides, the Kampung Laut people should have defined areas to be used for various purposes such as agricultural activities, ponds and regeneration areas. The mangrove forest in the surrounding Segara Anakan lagoon must be a protected zone, and the best option is likely by applying a community-based management. This emphasized local, village level, and control of resources utilization. Key words: environment, degradation, lagoon, management, mangrove forest, Segara Anakan, Cilacap District and Central Java Province.

Principal polar spectral indices for mapping mangroves forest in South East Asia: study case Indonesia

ABSTRACTIdentification and monitoring of species composition and richness is needed to formulate effective mangrove management and conservation priorities. Prior studies have used commercial satellite images which are cost prohibitive for national and global applications. Here, we used freely available Landsat satellite data and new indices to discriminate mangrove species in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and Segara Anakan, West Java, Indonesia. We use sensitive algorithm of the principal polar spectral (PPS) indices to discriminate mangroves species. PPS Indices were produced from a set of 3-dimensional Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) spectral indices (PPS Brightness, PPS Greenness, and PPS Wetness) determined by a polar change of the principal component axes of a spectral image of reference scene. We qualitatively compare this set of PPS indices with the set of conventional RGB multi-bands image composition and conventional Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) for mangroves species discrimination. The comparisons indicate that the set of PPS indices have the potential for regional and possibly global applications in mangroves species mapping and monitoring.

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI BIOENGINEERING JEBAKAN SEDIMEN DI SUB DAS CITANDUY HULU

Citanduy watershed has been classified as a critical watershed in West Java. Sedimentation load at Citanduy watershed reach 5 milion cubic meters/years. It is indicated that lagoon area “Segara Anakan” was decreased about 823 hectars. Land use changes for cultivation area at Citanduy upland causes acceleration land degradation. Various efforts of the civil engineering and vegetative approach have been applied to control erosion and sedimentation. Alternative technology for controlling soil erosion and sedimentation is the application of sediment trap bioengineering. It is application on micro catchment area, environment-friendly, and easily adapted for the farmers community. The main for material of bioengineering sediment trap is made of Bamboo. Results of design that is applied in the critical area at Bukit Bitung up land (Citaduy upland) Kecamatan Tambaksari, Ciamis Region, measuring the width between 100 cm to 150 cm, whereas the height are between 80 cm to 100 cm. The application of this technology is effective sediment traps for micro catcment area of 5 hectars. Therefore for a broad cachment area more sediment traps are required. In a period of not more than 1.5 month, the sediment trap has been able to capture sediments up to 1 m3 per unit. The performance of sediment traps bioengineering also shown that bamboo as main components has grown up to not more than 30 days. The trapped sediments were restored back to the land for agricultural purposes after being add by agricultural waste. Sediments that have been processed at the same time also functions as soil amelioration or soil improvement. Key words : degradasi lahan, jebakan sedimen, bioengineering, sedimentasi, ameliorasi

Impact sedimentation to community structure macrozoobenthos in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Change of structure community of Macrozoobenthos due to sedimentation has apparently contributed to a reduction of the quality of the aquatic environment, particularly in Segara Anakan Lagoon. This study aims to determine the extent to which the effects of sedimentation and nutrients in the Segara Anakan Lagoon on macrozoobenthos community structure. The method used in this study surveys . Primary data collected are nutrients, macrozoobenthos, sedimentation rate and secondary data. The results showed that the rate of sedimentation in the dry and rainy season was 0.067 to 2 m/s and 1.61 to 2.00 m/s respectively. Balanus sp, Melanoides sp, Corbicula sp, Polychaeta sp., Thiara sp. were dominance in the dry season, while Corbicula sp, Melanoides sp, Thiara sp, Tarebra sp, Balanus sp, Polychaeta sp. and Barbatia sp. were dominance in the rainy season.

Isolate Actinomycetes SA32 Origin of Segara Anakan Mangrove Rhizosphere and its Capability in Inhibiting Multi-Drugs Resistant Bacteria Growth

The screening of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes from the mangrove environment is increasing to search for bioactive compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of Multi-Drugs Resistant (MDR) bacteria. The research aimed to isolate actinomycetes from mangrove mud rhizosphere in Segara Anakan lagoon that is capable of producing bioactive compounds inhibiting MDR bacterial growth, to characterize phenotypically along with 16S rRNA gene sequence, to cover out inhibition potencies toward MDR bacterial growth, and to characterize antibacterial compounds produced. Isolate actinomycetes SA32 was isolated from rhizosphere mud of Rhizophora mucronata from east Segara Anakan. It showed fragmented aerial mycelium similar to Streptomyces sp. NEAE-102; however, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis yielded 96% similarity to Streptomyces sp. N56. In antagonism assay, it inhibited the growth of MDR bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas areuginosa, Enterococcus cloacae and Enterobacter sp. The diffusion antagonism assay results in the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with clear zone diameter 20 mm. The result of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay showed that 20% crude extract has been able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria characterized by the decrease of turbidity. The antibacterial compound produced was not known yet but has an Rf value of 0.7-0.9 in the TLC test. Isolate actinomycetes SA32 is potent to be developed as an MDR antibacterial substance source and it is proposed as a new strain of Streptomyces.

Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia

Widyastuti A, Yani E, Nasution EK, Rochmatino. 2018. Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 246-252. Mangrove forests are known as standing stores of sequestered atmospheric carbon. The role of mangrove forests in the sequestering substantial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing the carbon in its biomass has been recently underscored. This research aimed to estimate vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012. Vegetations sampling was done by square plots technique. Diversity index was utilized to determine species diversity. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon sinks. This study only calculates aboveground biomass and carbon sinks. The research results showed that mangrove in Segara Anakan was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and 16 species of herbs. The most dominant tree was Avicennia marina with importance value of 43.62% in Kembang Kuning, 60.27% in Ujung Alang and 25.6% in Klaces. The most dominant of sapling was Avicennia marina, with an important value of 31.1%. The total biomass of a tree is about 43.06 kg/tree or 0.13 ton/ha. Total biomass of sapling was 27.38 kg/tree or 0.32 ton/ha. The carbon sink of the tree was 49.10 ton/ha and carbon sink of sapling was 79.39 ton/ha. It can be concluded that Segara Anakan Mangrove forest is very important as a carbon sink in South part of Central Java, Indonesia.