Security Of Ukraine Research Articles

Public management of the institutional environment of food security in Ukraine

The aim of the article is to identify trends in the trajectory of public administration of food security development in Ukraine. The global pandemic has posed challenges for all national economies, but the state of food security and its adjustment through appropriate public governance are of particular importance. It is proved that the current state of the institutional environment on the economic system is dynamic. Proposed theoretical models, which include various institutional factors. The evaluation of the models allowed us to conclude that the overwhelming statistical significance of institutional factors on the success of economic transformations. The article found that there is no statistically significant relationship between food supply and political stability in Ukraine, but using FAO's online food security forecasting tools to 2030 threatens to increase the number of malnourished people to 5.5 million. In our opinion, this is a possible consequence of the deteriorating state of political stability in the country in the long run and which indicates the dominance of extractive informal institutions in the trajectory of Ukraine's economic development.

РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ ФІНАНСОВОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ Й БЕЗПЕКИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers the problem of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and terrorist financing, which is a global threat to economic and political security in the world and in Ukraine in particular. In the domestic economy, this problem is complicated by a number of factors, in particular: the high level of the shadow economy, corruption, protracted military conflict and occupation of part of the territory, political instability and low business culture. The solution to these problems is possible through the organization of an effective system of public financial monitoring, which will help curb the growth of organized crime by taking measures to prevent money laundering, financing the production of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. Given the above issues, the paper reveals the essence, objectives, functions and role of financial monitoring in ensuring economic security. The authors analyze the legal framework for the formation of financial monitoring in Ukraine, emphasize the positive trends of its development, as well as, taking into account foreign experience, suggest ways to improve it. An analysis of financial indicators that reflect the financial transactions that are subject to financial monitoring during 2011 – 2020 and emphasizes that the banking system plays an important role in combating money laundering and financing of criminal activities. The role of the National Bank of Ukraine in conducting systematic monitoring of the activities of banking institutions and non-banking financial organizations is determined, the activity of domestic subjects of primary financial monitoring in general is assessed. It is noted that the effectiveness of the national risk assessment system directly depends on effective cooperation on a joint basis of the subjects of state financial monitoring, the subjects of primary financial monitoring, law enforcement agencies and non-financial institutions. It is argued that in order to preserve and develop market principles of the financial system and security of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive system of financial monitoring as an important factor in increasing the level of national security.

Innovative Development of Public Policy on Food Security in the Period of the Covid-19 Pandemia

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prospects for innovative development of public policy in the sphere of food security and to develop practical recommendations regarding the use of cultivated and wild plants in the sphere of food supply to improve the population’s immunity during the pandemic. The article analyzes the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the reformatting of public food security policy. The destruction of traditional food stereotypes of the population certainly took place. The emergence and development of innovations in the sphere of nutrition of Ukrainian citizens are considered. The tendency to increase the nutritional value of wild plants has been determined. Such plants are used to improve the immunity of the population and overcome the problem of lack of usefulness of food. The main barriers and problems of changing food stereotypes of the population and food policy of public authorities are substantiated. It is established that there is an insufficient level of support of public authorities in modern conditions of the development of the newest gathering in the sphere of food security in Ukraine. It has been revealed that the cost of manufacturing food products is relatively low in the modern world. However, the nutritional value and benefit to human health are minimal. There is a tendency to increase the number of diseases caused by the use of low-quality products. Alternative solutions to this urgent problem are considered. The influence of natural food additives and a return to the natural way of eating are investigated. The public authorities’ importance of a broad information campaign regarding the dissemination of information to the public and food safety has been proven. As a result of the emergence of a pandemic, the public authorities must follow clear, consistent measures to improve the situation that has developed. It is definite that in addition to economic measures, attention should be paid to psychological measures aimed at changing the behaviour of the population. The necessity of destroying the industrial food traditions of the population was substantiated. The importance of actualization of the process of implementation of ecological food innovations was found out. Awareness of growing wild and gathering for food takes a prominent place. Ukraine has excellent opportunities for development in these areas. Reforming the state food security in today’s conditions is necessary to preserve the health of the nation. The need to strengthen the role of public authorities in creating favourable conditions for environmentally sound use of food potential of wild-growing plants has been noted.

Ensuring the cyber resistance of Ukraine in modern conditions: digital skills and competencies

This article reviews the role of digital skills in the digital economy as one of the elements of Ukraine's cybersecurity systems. The author examines the process of formation of digital skills of citizens and defines the concept of «digital skills». The author has named the base list of digital skills. View cyberspace as an environment for the exchange of information and data of socio-technical systems. The technical risks that are characteristic of cyberspace have been called: violation of the integrity and accessibility of information and communication infrastructure, adverse technological advances, fraud and data theft, cyber-attacks. The author analyzes the main legal documents of the national security system. Highlights the low level of skills in information and cyber security in Ukraine, which forms the basis for the formation of non-admission to the state and the storage of other risks and threats in cyberspace. Considers the strategic goals of the national cybersecurity system of Ukraine. The emphasis is on the characteristic power properties of instability in the modern world: variability, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Offers its definition of «rethinking» and extends it to «product rethinking» and «personal rethinking». Separates elements for the formation of digital competencies in information and cybersecurity. Explains the topic of new specialized cybersecurity and lists them: auditor of strategic (including information and cyber) infrastructure, telecommunications security specialist, cyber insurance agent, Internet of Things cybersecurity specialist, digital reputation security manager, Specialist in cybersecurity of Artificial intelligence.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ НАПРЯМИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОГО РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ТА ХАРЧОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ КРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article analyzes the level of food security in Ukraine, as well as the level of development of enterprises in the agricultural sector and food industry through the dynamics of their exports and imports. It is determined that the food industry of Ukraine is not developing at the pace appropriate to the agricultural sector and is losing its position even in the domestic market. Sale of agricultural raw materials from Ukraine in large volumes is actively developing the crop sector, but leads to the manifestation of the phenomenon of the "resource curse". Additional processing of agricultural products within the country could increase added value and the level of prosperity in the country. Factors influencing the level of competitiveness of food industry enterprises are analyzed. Strategic directions of competitive development of the agricultural sector and food industry are singled out. Today the agricultural sector and the food industry are able to achieve the first three goals of sustainable development with a sufficient level of mutually beneficial cooperation at least nationally. The food industry companies are facing the biggest challenge, they are required to show initiative and ability to develop in line with global trends. The industry does not take full advantage of the existing competitive advantages provided by the highly developed agricultural sector as its raw material base. By selling not raw materials (grain) on the world market, but products of its processing, enterprises have the opportunity to significantly increase value added and increase the level of welfare in Ukraine. However, the strategic guidelines for the development of the food industry should be to focused on improving product quality and ensuring long-term mutually beneficial cooperation with the agricultural sector

Особливості відповідальності за порушення права на інформацію, безпеки журналістів

The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal framework for prosecuting journalists for violations of the right to information and security in Ukraine. This presupposes the setting of the following tasks: to investigate the existing legal framework of Ukraine in this area; describe the guarantees of ensuring the right to information, including the right to public information, the safety of journalists in carrying out their professional activities; to find out the essence of the phenomenon of defamation, the practice of foreign states to establish responsibility for this act; to reveal the features of liability for violation of the right to information, security of journalists in Ukraine, cases of exemption from liability for violation of information legislation; formulate proposals for improving the institution of responsibility for violating the right to information, security of journalists in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study are, in particular, comparative law, system, structural and functional, legal semiotics and other methods of scientific knowledge. Scientific novelty. The study based on the analysis of the existing legal framework and doctrinal approaches allowed to identify the features of liability for violation of the right to information, security of journalists in Ukraine. The main types of such liability are: administrative, disciplinary, civil and criminal, but not unified and contained in a number of legislative cases of exemption from liability for violations of legislation in this area. Conclusions. Proposals for improving the legal framework and law enforcement practice of the institute of responsibility for violating the right to information and security of journalists in Ukraine have been formulated. It is expedient to establish responsibility for acts of defamation, to increase the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution for offenses committed against journalists in connection with their professional activities; protection of the activities of citizen journalists; strengthening the responsibility for committing criminal offenses against journalists, determining the status of journalists, journalistic activities, the legal status of online media and online media journalists in accordance with European standards. Specificity is the responsibility for violating the right to information, safety of journalists in carrying out their professional activities in areas of hostilities, emergencies, in the territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation. In general, the activities of the legislator, the system of prosecutors, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, the State Bureau of Investigation and other authorized bodies, with the participation of the public, should be consistent and timely. Keywords: right to information, security of journalists, professional activity, responsibility, defamation, legislation.

Subjects of national security in Ukraine

Subjects of national security in Ukraine

ІННОВАЦІЇ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to arguing the importance of innovations in the formation of food security in Ukraine and the world. The main indicators of the transformation of the agricultural sector of the food sphere in the direction of innovations are considered. Risks for the food security of Ukraine and the world caused by demography, shortage of natural resources, food waste, pandemic, climate change and the full-scale military invasion of russia on Ukrainian lands are identified. The influence of the military actions of the russian federation on the agricultural sector of Ukraine and its consequences on the food security of the states, which are import-dependent on Ukrainian products, are analyzed. The development of the agricultural sector based on smart agricultural innovations and in the direction of organic production is substantiated. The Ukrainian agri-food sector in modern conditions is not only a type of business activity in the agricultural sector but is an area of global social responsibility. Innovative approaches and technologies, new quality of work, innovative developments and inclusive solutions will reduce costs, and increase productivity and profitability of agricultural production, which will strengthen not only the food security of Ukraine but also economic security. The implementation of innovations in the available agricultural resource potential of Ukraine will provide opportunities to increase the volume of production and export of agricultural products. Innovations in the agricultural sector should be aimed at fulfilling the goals of sustainable development and be directed to highly productive farming, ensuring its environmental sustainability. To speed up the development of agricultural innovations in Ukraine, the article proposes to establish cooperation with the international community for the exchange of experience and the development of joint innovative projects in agri-food production. The introduction of innovations in the agricultural sector will ensure its balanced and highly productive development, which will contribute to strengthening food security, environmental friendliness, and humanization.

Food Security Issues in The Context Of State Regulation And Public Administration

The article considers the definition of food security, which is defined by domestic and foreign scientists. Accordingly, the authors’ interpretation of the term “food security” was formulated, which a set of social and economic relations developed due to providing the human with food, relevant standards for quality and quantity based on the innovative development of reproduction processes in agriculture and economic security of the agri-food sector. At the same time, the issues of providing food security by the state are combined with the tasks of innovative development of reproduction processes in the regions and agricultural producers, in particular. Based on this definition, a system of principles of state regulation of food security issues was proposed. They are as follows: stability of the legal framework governing economic processes; production stability; competitiveness of food, enterprises, and organizations; affordability of food products for all population groups; efficient use of land, production, and labor resources; diversification of food stocks; protection from external and internal threats to the agri-food sector of the economy; social and economic orientation of the country's development. According to the main components of food security, an analysis of the level of food security in Ukraine was conducted using a SWOT-analysis. Analytical research was conducted on the main components of food security – affordability, adequacy of food, and its quality and security. Besides, this type of analysis involves identifying threats to the development of the object, which exist and may arise in the future. According to the results of the SWOT-analysis, strategic actions were identified that determine the directions of the state regulation to increase the level of food security of Ukraine, which can be grouped and characterized as financial and economic, conjunctural and competitive, socially-oriented, scientific and innovative, international, and legal.

Threats to the state security of Ukraine in the humanitarian sphere: sociological dimension

The article is based on theoretical concepts and principles of effective interaction between the state institution and civil society. The research is aimed to outline the ways for solving problems of national security of Ukraine. It is determined that the processes of globalisation, the interstate conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the unstable domestic political situation in Ukraine, the economic crisis reflected on the security and all-round development, satisfaction of the spiritual and material needs of citizens. The theoretical bases of the organisation of public administration of human security in Ukraine determine the basic algorithm for the development of security programs. As a result of the sociological survey of civil servants from different regions of Ukraine, the content and sources of threats and challenges to humanitarian security were established. The results of the investigation allowed determining the main threats to the national security of Ukraine in the humanitarian field.

БОРГОВА БЕЗПЕКА ЯК ІНДИКАТОР РОЗВИТКУ ФІНАНСОВОГО РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article reveals the essence of state debt security and examines the threats to state debt security in the context of minimizing their negative impact and increasing the efficiency of the public debt management system. In determining the essence of state debt security and the study of threats to state debt security in the context of minimizing their negative impact and improving the efficiency of public debt management system, it was determined that debt security is the basis of economic sovereignty, resilience of its financial system to internal and external threats and implementation socio-economic strategy of sustainable development. The study is devoted to identifying the features of the current system of debt security in Ukraine and a set of threats to the growth of debt security in the country. One of the financial instruments of the national economy is loans from international financial organizations, which have a targeted strategic direction of innovation. These borrowings contribute to long-term economic growth. It is the inefficient management of such debt that leads to the disruption of the economic system, in particular to its imbalance and increase its vulnerability to factors of negative foreign economic influence. Therefore, the strategic goal of reducing the threat of negative impact on debt security is to determine the optimal policy for managing both external and internal debt of the state. Again, debt management policy is a condition for the stability and efficiency of the state economy. As a result of the study, the main reasons for the deterioration of Ukraine’s debt security can be identified, in particular: a complex political crisis, military conflict, deep economic recession, the existence of obligations to meet the state’s needs in natural gas and pensions, lack of sufficient political will to reform and apply unpopular measures to stabilize the economic situation. Coordinating the public debt management mechanism with Ukraine’s financial stabilization strategy will provide an opportunity to analyze the financial threats facing Ukraine in the global crisis and develop a common framework for all bodies, public authorities, which represent the external debt of Ukraine. When appropriate measures are taken, public debt coverage will be carried out mainly not by increasing the tax burden, but by economic growth. After studying the state of Ukraine’s debt security, conclusions were drawn on its increase by stabilizing the national currency, optimizing the structure of budget expenditures, stimulating the state domestic market, directing external borrowing to implement investment development programs and developing a promising debt strategy.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Entrepreneurial Capacity and Financial Security in Ukraine

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business activities in Ukraine and the world and its financial security. The analysis showed that the economy of Ukraine and most countries of the world suffered significant losses from the introduction of anti-epidemic restrictions on business activity, which turned out to be in the fall of GDP, index of industrial production investment activity. Because of temporary or complete shutdown of business the unemployment rate increased significantly. The pandemic crisis also negatively impacted the financial results of enterprises, which decreased significantly in all kinds of economic activities, especially in industry, transport, temporary accommodation and catering, where the share of unprofitable enterprises reaches 73%. Thus, the problem of ensuring the financial security of business becomes relevant. The aim of the work is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the impact of the pandemic crisis on the financial security of business and to identify effective ways of ensuring such security. In the process of research methods of scientific abstraction, comparative and system analysis and synthesis, systematization and logical generalization were used. It was determined that the pandemic affected small and medium businesses most of all, where a strong negative impact was experienced by more than 60% of entrepreneurs. Large businesses were less affected, but they also suffered significant losses due to the decline in business activity and demand in the domestic and foreign markets. Agriculture was least affected by the pandemic, which suffered the least losses, primarily due to the insignificant impact of restrictions affecting the activities of this business. The paper systematized the risks arising from the factors of the pandemic crisis, identifying their manifestations and financial implications for business. As shown by the research, such consequences are manifested in the form of full or partial loss of profits, problems with debt repayment, reduction of financial stability, liquidity, increase in accounts receivable, increased costs for anti-epidemic measures, etc. Thus, the procedure for assessing the business’s financial security is to take into account all factors that shape the financial situation of business entities during a pandemic crisis in a comprehensive manner.

Security of Ukraine and the security of Europe

Security of Ukraine and the security of Europe

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ СФЕРИ ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of this work is to reveal the theoretical aspects of tourism security in Ukraine, as well as to provide a generalized description of the components of the security system of the tourism sector of Ukraine. Method. The study used general scientific methods, including analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization. The influence of the components of the security system of the tourism sector of Ukraine on the state and development of the tourism business in Ukraine is considered. The most important features of tourism safety in Ukraine are identified. An analysis of research on the impact of tourism on the world economy and conclusions on this issue. Ukraine is characterized in terms of tourist attractiveness in the world and the problem of this area at the international and regional levels is revealed. The scientists who have devoted their scientific works and research to the problem of formation, functioning and management of the tourist industry, namely: S.N. Dombrovska, NV Василиха, Д.І. Burak, A.V. Bakurova, M.Yu. Barna, S.W. Master and others, as well as the problem of safety and risks in the tourism sector: MB Биржаков, Ю.Ф. Волков, М.П. Denisenko, NI Garanin, NP Казаков, В.М. Kozynets, NV Korzh, O.M. Kornienko, EL Pisarevsky, LL Rudenko and others. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that based on the existing approaches in the scientific literature to the definition of economic security, the components of the security system of the tourism business of Ukraine have been identified. Examples of the development of tourism and security in this area, both at the international and regional levels, are given. The main tasks of state regulation of security of the national tourist market of Ukraine are determined. Accordingly, the international approach to security issues in the field of tourism is described on the example of the General Military Council. Based on the Strategy for the development of tourism and resorts for the period up to 2026, an algorithm for building a system of economic security of a tourist enterprise has been developed. Practical meaning. The results of this study are the basis for the study of the basics of ensuring safe and comfortable recreation of people in their spare time both in Ukraine and internationally. A list of measures to ensure the security of tourism in Ukraine as a whole is proposed.

FINANCIAL CRIMES IN THE FISCAL SPHERE AS A THREAT TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Introduction. Such criminogenic phenomena as shadowing and monopolization of the economy, legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained property are intensifying today in Ukraine. Recent changes in legislation and prospects for reforming fiscal and law enforcement institutions require a permanent study of the state of prevention, detection and investigation of financial crimes in the fiscal sphere. In this context, an important task is to create a single institution with appropriate functions, rights and powers. The purpose of the article is to identify real and possible risks for the formation of effective optimal directions for ensuring the economic security of Ukraine based on the analysis of the peculiarities of the processes of prevention, detection, termination, investigation and detection of financial crimes in the fiscal sphere. Methods. A number of general and special research methods were used in the study of the prevention, detection and investigation of financial crimes in the fiscal sphere, in particular: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstract-logical method and generalization method. Results. The necessity of creating a single institution for the prevention, detection and investigation of financial crimes, including in the fiscal sphere, is substantiated. Based on government statistics, the eight most popular tax avoidance schemes in Ukraine have been identified, leading to total budget losses. The structure of predicate crimes in court convictions in recent years is analyzed, and the main types of predicate crimes in the fiscal sphere are outlined. It is proved that in Ukrainian practice the number of criminal proceedings for tax evasion, brought to sentencing and prosecution decreases sharply, which indicates: the actual impunity for committing crimes in the fiscal sphere; inaction or excess of authority, improper investigation by the persons investigating these crimes, the presence of a corruption component in the pre-trial investigation; incompetence of investigators (detectives) investigating crimes in the fiscal sphere, as well as insufficient level of knowledge in the fiscal sphere of prosecutors as procedural managers. This made it possible to argue the feasibility of creating an economic security bureau. Based on the analysis of the dispositions of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, twelve articles have been identified that should be classified as tax crimes. Perspectives. Further research should focus on finding the best approach to addressing the issue of financial crime in the fiscal sphere, as well as to ensure the appropriate level of economic security in Ukraine.

БЮРО ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ: ЗАВДАННЯ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ УТВОРЕННЯ

The main factor in the criminalization of economic activity in the modern world in general and in Ukraine in particular, has been globalization - uncontrolled, without any rules, without the possibility of establishing fair competition. Thus, the issue of creating a separate law enforcement body to combat economic offenses has been on the agenda for many years and ended with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine” on January 28, 2021. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the legal nature of a special law enforcement agency in the field of combating economic offenses, i.e. the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine. It is noted that the creation of a new civil service under the Ministry of Finance to replace the tax police and consolidate all powers to combat financial crimes against the state in one agency, while avoiding duplication of functions, is a priority requirement of the International Monetary Fund, which provides loans to the Ukrainian government for the development of the country's economy under the condition of successful reforms. The preconditions for the establishment of the Bureau of Economic Security in Ukraine are studied. Based on the analysis of the Law of Ukraine “On the Bureau of Economic Security”, the purpose, objectives, structure, principles of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine are revealed. Attention is paid to the organizational and managerial aspects of the activities and powers of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the establishment of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine will lead to more effective law enforcement activity in the formation and use of financial resources of the state and its economic security, and as a consequence, reduce shadow business in Ukraine and increase taxes and fees, optimize the structure of law enforcement, material and technical base and reduction of the total number of employees who fight crime in the field of finance.

Інструментарій оцінки ризиків безпекового розвитку країн

The article is devoted to the study of security issues of countries development, in particular Ukraine, in terms of considering assessing risks in ensuring the countries economic security. It has been proven that a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the security level is possible by providing evaluation and constant monitoring of risks, that are an integral component of the countries socio-economic development in modern conditions. It was determined that in world practice at macroeconomic level the national systems of the risks and threats assessment are created and they are the important elements of strategic planning and ensuring of national stability and sustainable development. At the international level, international institutions and private agencies are engaged in the country risks assessment, they create and apply different methodological approaches to comprehensive risk assessment, on the basis of which the ratings of the countries by the security development level are formed, for instance, Business Environment Risk Index, Political and Country Risk of CRG, Euromoney Country Risk, EIU, International Country Risk Guide of PRS group etc. It has been studied that in the risk assessment theory, in general the sequence of assessment stages can consist the following stages: determination of internal and external factors that increase or decrease the degree of a certain type of risk; analysis of identified factors; assessment of a certain type of risk; establishing an acceptable level of risk; analysis of individual transactions connected with the chosen level of risk; development of measures to reduce the degree of risk. The authors proposed a methodical instrument for assessing the level of risk of the country's security development, which allows to provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the conditions of national economy sustainable development from the point of view of the impact of risks and threats. It is based on the algorithm that provides the following steps: the formation of the system of the quantitative risk indicators; their classification from the point of view of the nature of the impact on increasing or decreasing the dangers; assessment of the dynamics intensity of the indicators with a further correlation with respect to the generalized level of change; calculation of quantitative (from 1 to 4 points) and qualitative (absent, low, moderate, high, very high levels) levels using the proposed scale of deviations; assessment of the quantitative integral indicator of risk (score and relative level) and determination of its level according to the proposed scale (absent, low, moderate, high, very high). In the future, the practical application of the developed toolkit will make it possible to assess the risks of Ukraine's security development and identify the level of integral risk, which will be taken into account to determine and make changes in measures that help to adapt or minimize the impact or risks in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КРЫМА ДЛЯ УКРАИНЫ В 1991‒2014 гг.

The article considers Crimea’s political meaning within Ukraine in 1991-2014 and analyzes the main chal-lenges in Kyiv-Simferopol relations. Based on the extensive database, the conclusion concerning the illegal joining of the Republic of Crimea to Ukraine in 1990s is made. The article analyzes the destructive influence of the Russian and Russian-speaking population of the peninsula on the Ukrainian statehood formation. The role of the pro-Russian organizations and the Russian-speaking population in Crimea’s breakaway from Ukraine is defined. The author studies the role of the Black Sea Fleet for Ukraine used as a tool to impose pressure on Russia and to increase its power in the eyes of NATO. Crimea’s contribution to the Ukrainian economy is assessed and the key branches of industry and agriculture of the Autonomous Republic of Cri-mea are identified. The article concludes that the conflict between Kyiv and Simferopol and Crimea’s acces-sion to Russia was inevitable and was predetermined by the controversial policy of the Ukrainian authorities. Absence of importance of the Crimean Peninsula for Ukraine from the perspective of economic develop-ment, a single Ukrainian nation formation and security was also traced.

Prospects for digitalization of the economy of Ukraine: opportunities and threats

Today in some countries there is more and in others - less effective digital transformation in the direction of introduction and use of modern digital technologies in the field of tangible and intangible production. Its goal is to increase the productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, as well as the national economy as a whole. The subject of the article is the process of creation and development of the digital economy. It is he who in the future must bring material production to a new level and ensure the solution of the problems of international competitiveness of domestic production and national security of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to study the prospects of innovative development of Ukraine in the context of digitalization of the economy, as well as related opportunities and threats to the Ukrainian economy. General scientific methods are used, such as systems analysis, synthesis and abstract-logical analysis to study the essence of the digital economy, which creates conditions for efficient production of material goods, determines progress in all areas of the national economy. The following results have been obtained: in the modern sense, the digital economy is an infrastructure of economic activity based on information and computer digital technologies, cyberphysical systems, and artificial intelligence. This process dictates its own rules for the further development of material production, management and regulation, the system of social relations, the legal system and society as a whole. Conclusions: among the main tasks of the national program to create a digital economy in the emerging global digital space, should be highlighted digitization of material production, services and society as a whole, as well as ensuring effective participation of the country in all processes of global ecosystems of the digital economy and the global digital space. Today, Ukraine has a unique opportunity to make a "digital leap" in the main sectors of the economy. The development of digital infrastructure will guarantee new jobs, which will help reduce unemployment. It is the timely transition and massive digitalization that will help Ukraine integrate into the global trend.

Threat of hiv infection for public health: 40 years of confrontation

Introduction. HIV infection is a very dangerous disease and due to the lack of specific prevention methods and effective treatment methods leads to early disability or death. Now this problem is actual for every state, especially for ours, because Ukraine has the highest rate of the epidemic in Europe, therefore, humanity is alarmed by what is happening to the country, which is located in the center of Europe. If this disease is not stopped, the threat of a demographic, economic and social crisis will also increase for other states. Aim – the study of epidemiological features and reasons for the further spread of HIV infection in Ukraine according to open sources of medical statistics in Ukraine and other countries of the world. Results. The article provides data on the study of the problem of the global spread of HIV infection, which has not lost its relevance over the past 40 years. Detailed official statistical information on the social significance of the prevalence of HIV infection in our country and in the world has been provided. The main measures for the prevention of this disease, which is the most dangerous for adolescents, are given. A characteristic feature of the current stage of the spread of infection is that transmission and infection are associated with populations including children of HIV-infected people, members of their families and victims of violations of safety standards in certain medical institutions. Numerous "secondary risk groups" are formed, the emergence of which has a completely social nature. Conclusions. Nowadays, it is understood that diseases that are dangerous to society, such as HIV infection, are phenomena in the fight against which exclusively medical measures are ineffective. Solution to the problem of HIV infection should be a priority of state policy; it should be aimed, first of all, at preventive and elucidating work with young people, who are, without exaggeration, the main risk group. The authors substantiated the need to strengthen control by state institutions and to develop and implement a system of special measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and society to preserve the national security of Ukraine.