Security Of Ukraine Research Articles

Joint international military exercises of NATO countries... within the implementation of programs supporting peace and security in Ukraine

This article considers the issue of annexation of the Ukrainian Crimea peninsular territory by the RussianFederation and further deployment of the secessionist movement in the southeastern regions of Ukraine thatsubsequently developed into a military conflict in the east of Ukraine. The research analysed the directionsand character of the cooperation between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Alliance military units. Thelevel of practical interaction within the framework of existing NATO-Ukraine bilateral partnership programs,including military trainings, was also identified. The chronology of transformation of organizational formsof Ukrainian army’s presence in the east of Ukraine from the Anti-Terrorist Operation to the Joint ForcesOperation and the role of NATO in this process were also considered. The elements of the North AtlanticAlliance’s influence on the reform of the Ukrainian army were identified directly following the requirementsand standards defined by the Organization. The role of NATO’s Liaison Office, located in Kyiv, Ukraine, andthe Center for Security and Information Processing was outlined. Particular attention was paid to the issueof counteracting cybercrimes and protecting the state’s information systems from external influences. Inparticular, reference was made to the protection of the state’s critical infrastructure elements (nuclear powerplants, strategic state-owned enterprises, etc.), including electronic registers of citizens e-lists and the state’sbanking system databases. The activities of the NATO Cybercrime Operations Centers and the establishmentof similar institutions in Ukraine were also researched. The maritime component of cooperation betweenUkraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was analysed, taking into account the aggravation ofthe situation in Azov-Black Sea region during 2018, associated with the passage of Ukrainian warships of theAzov Fleet of the Naval Forces of Ukraine through the Kerch Strait which is under the control of the occupyingtroops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. As a result, so-called border conflicts were causedleading to the capture of Ukrainian warships and sailors by Russians in November 2018.

FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY

Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determine the main direction of its provision with the emphasis on the priority development of the real sector of the economy. The financial security issue has become of paramount importance and relevance not only for Ukraine but for other countries as well. The study of foreign experience showed that stagflation of the 1970s provoked an erroneous neoliberal economic reaction. Policy responses were focused on deregulation of markets, in particular labour and financial markets, on the one hand, and on achieving the price stability instead of full employment on the other hand. This neoliberal «counterrevolution» created the conditions for the emergence of «financialization» or «finance-dominated capitalism» since the early 1980s first in the USA and Great Britain and then spread around the world. Over the past 30 or so years, finance began to dominate the industry, and non-financial corporations are increasingly engaged in financial rather than production activities. For instance, in Japan it resulted in the Great Recession. In Ukraine such policy has been implemented since the early 2000s under the influence of IMF requirements. As a result, the economy has lost the ability to provide a decent standard of living for the population and encouraged the labour migration and the increase of debt burden which was practically unavoidable without catastrophic consequences for state sovereignty. It is proposed to redirect the economic policy of Ukraine from spontaneous development of the «mechanism of financialization» to the creation of a mechanism for the development of real economy and effective creation of high-wage jobs complemented by the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and improving the regulatory requirements for legal regulation of public relations related to ensuring the financial security of the state. Keywords: financial security, gross external debt, liability, social responsibility, law, labour migration; employment of population, budget deficit. JEL Classification Е02, H63, K10, M14, O11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 26.

Project management of innovation and investment activities to ensure agricultural entities economic security in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to justify the project management of innovation and investment activities to ensure economic security of agribusiness entities based on increasing the efficiency of innovation and increasing competitiveness in the Ukrainian economy. It is proved that investment and innovation policy to ensure economic security involves implementing state investment priorities capital and growth of investments in rural development. Factors influencing the growth of equity of agro-industrial enterprises are identified with factor analysis. It allows increasing the socio-economic efficiency of agricultural production.

Genesis of the concept of "national security" in administrative law

The paper is devoted to the essence and peculiarities of the origin and development of the concept of “national security” in administrative law. The paper analyzes different opinions on the definition of “national security”, also considers the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine on the protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The legislative provision of security in Ukraine, security of the person, society and the state from external and internal threats in the state as ensuring national security is studied. The urgency of the issue outlined in the paper is due to the ongoing reform processes in the field of national security and law enforcement in Ukraine. However, national security issues are still at the center of various scientific debates. In the research and analysis of the origins and development of the concept of “national security” hermeneutic, logical, linguistic and semiotic research methods are used. It is proved that in the legislation and legal literature this term has gained wide application and recognition that meets the general requirements of legal technique: the terms must be generally accepted, have a stable character and wide application. It is noted that the term “national security” still remains relevant and controversial. Although the term “national security” was first used after World War II, certain aspects of it have been considered since the creation of nation-states in the mid-seventeenth century. This term is used in various aspects, has no unambiguous application in the legal literature, lawmaking and legal practice, so it can be interpreted in various aspects. Ukrainian scholars-administrators define the security of the country in different ways, in particular through the prism of the executive activity of the relevant law enforcement agencies that provide it.

Regulation of fish resources rational using on the territory of the NNP “BUG GARD”

Today on the territory of Ukraine there are 40 national nature parks which include the NNP “Bug Gard”. One of the main tasks of the NNP is to preserve the valuable natural objects and to develop the scientific recommendations for protecting the environment and using the natural resources efficiently. Modern poaching, with its mass, technical armament, impunity and constant rapid growth, poses a serious threat to the national security of Ukraine. Significant damage to fishing and fish farming on the territory of the NNP “Bug Gard” is caused by the actions of poachers. During the functioning of the NNP “Bug Gard” the State Protection Service constantly conducts inspections and patrols the territory of the park to identify and to stop violations of the environmental legislation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the fish protection measures carrying out in the Bug National Nature Park by the State Protection Service has been assessed. Annually the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” conducts on average of 120 activities to identify environmental offenses, practices the explanatory talks, on average, 600 conversations per year, which are aimed at clarifying the environmental legislation in the field of fauna and flora protection, as well as it constantly informs the public through the media about the individual cases of poaching in order to further preventing the environmental offenses. Annually, an average of 1.000 leaflets with the fire safety rules on the territory of the NNP and with the environmental issues were produced and distributed among the population and the visitors of the park. It is established that, according to the analysis, the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” carries out the effective measures in the field of fish resources conserving and rational using in the area of its responsibility, carries out a widespread waste water pollution control in the water bodies, creates the conditions for normal fish reproduction and keeps a track of environmental and fishing offenses, which not only preserves the flora and fauna, but also compensates the damage caused by the actions of poachers and other violators.

ПРО ДЕЯКІ УРОКИ ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКОЇ КАТАСТРОФИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

This scientific article analyzes the open data on overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, which took place in April 1986, identifies some determinants that currently affect the state and effectiveness of environmental security in Ukraine, as well as the level of national security. in general. However, as practice shows, only the obligations to the population are formally fulfilled, in particular, the determinants that caused the accident were not eliminated and neutralized. The urgency of the study is also due to the current problems of social protection, which are caused by including unprofessionalism and irresponsibility of the authorities showed the study of archival materials. The authors study the scientific developments of research practitioners on overcoming the Chernobyl disaster These ideas give grounds to emphasize that the Chernobyl accident could have been prevented if the representatives of authorities in the USSR had not shown criminal irresponsibility and taken timely measures to prevent it. It is determined that the analysis of open data related to overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, and its main task is to define some determinants that caused it, as well as their impact on the current state of environmental and national security of Ukraine. Based on the analysis, the authors state that ensuring the environmental security of Ukraine in modern conditions is an important problem of state environmental security, an integral condition for sustainable economic and social development of our country and protection from potential and real threats, taking into account those historical lessons. which took place at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986.

Institutional support for the sustainability of the public finance system

Relevance of the research topic. In modern conditions, the system of public finance is an important tool for regulating socio-economic processes, intensification of the economy. Important factors that affect the quality of the public finance system are financial and economic risks due to the trend of economic development. Accordingly, the assessment of financial and economic risks is an important condition for the development of sound financial and budgetary policy, the development of institutional support for the stability of public finances and economic security of the country as a whole. Formulation of the problem. Based on the trends of economic development of both countries with transformational and developed economies, in modern conditions, important tasks are: substantiation of strategic objectives of fiscal policy to increase the level of stability of public finance and its components; mutual coordination of decisions of public administration bodies. At the same time, the development of institutional support for the sustainability of the public finance system should be carried out taking into account globalization processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of developing institutional support for the sustainability of the public finance system is quite common in research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, O. Vasylyk, I. Zapatrina, S. Kucherenko, L. Lysyak, L. Levaeva, I. Lukyanenko, M. Pasichny, A. Sokolovska, I. Chugunov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are relevant in connection with the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, which affected the trend of economic development, led to a violation of the budget balance, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of institutional sustainability of public finances and its components. Goal setting, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of public finance in the regulation of socio-economic processes; substantiate the features of economic security and its components; to analyze and evaluate the indicators of financial security of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to reveal the directions of fiscal policy to ensure the sustainability of public finance. Research method or methodology. The article uses a set of research methods: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, synthesis, etc. Basic material presentation. The role of the public finance system in the regulation of socio-economic processes is revealed. The peculiarities of economic security and its components are substantiated. The analysis and assessment of financial security indicators of Ukraine is carried out. The directions of financial and budgetary policy on ensuring the stability of the public finance system are revealed. Area of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of reforming the public finance system. Conclusions according to article. In order to increase the stability of the public finance system, at this stage of socio-economic development of the country, it is advisable to: substantiate sustainability indicators – the basis of a transparent system of continuous monitoring of public finance system development and its components; introduction of effective management financial and budgetary tools – systematic assessment of the state of financial and budgetary security; improving the efficiency of financial and budgetary policy in the field of ensuring the stability of the public finance system and political responsibility for its results.

VALUE DEVIATIONS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A THREAT TO THE SOCIO CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

Problem setting. Nowadays, social networks have become an integral part of communication processes in society. The influence of social networks on the socio-cultural development of Ukraine has both positive and negative manifestations, since both values and antivalues are spread in these communication systems, there are subjects who are guided by the norms of morality and law, and those who neglect them, direct their efforts to the harmonization of a certain sphere of public life, or vice versa, produces xenophobic sentiments, inciting enmity in the domestic society at the cultural, national, religious and other levels.
 Recent research and publications analysis. Significant numbers of scientific works are aimed at elucidating the signs and criteria of deviating as a social phenomenon. According to A. Demkiv, those values, the worldview and behavior that deviate from the organizational culture that exist in a certain social community are considered deviant. In the context of this research, it is important to note A. Khlebnikova's reflections on the recognition and determination of the axiological status of the social network in modern society and the scientific work of P. Kravchenko, which proves that religion, morality, values, language, traditions contribute to the internal consolidation of local social groups, and in this process, social networks perform a leading role. Researchers A. Onishchenko, V. Gorovoy, V. Popik and others devoted their scientific research to uncovering the negative impact of social networks on the development of the Ukrainian state and its socio-cultural and informational spheres.
 Paper objective. This research involves the disclosure of the negative impact of value deviations of social network subjects on the domestic socio-cultural area, information and spiritual security of Ukraine.
 Paper main body. The wide range of values presented in social networks has a consolidating, humanistic nature – they are reproduced by scientific and creative communities, spiritual and cultural associations, volunteer and human rights organizations, and so on. In turn, anti-values are presented in the content of extremist organizations, xenophobic associations of various orientations, which creates an ideological basis for the emergence of social conflicts, disintegration processes, and civil confrontation. Thus, social networks have become an influential actor in the development of the socio-cultural, spiritual, value, information space of our country.
 Considering Ukrainian society as a holistic formation, it is worth noting that value deviations are those ideas about the ways of being and about spiritual life that do not correspond to the humanistic and national guidelines for the democratic development of Ukrainian society. In the context of the research, worldview guidelines that contradict moral attitudes, existing legal norms, accepted traditions of the domestic society, etc. can be considered as value deviations in social networks.
 Freedom in social networks has a dual manifestation: on the one hand, it is free opportunities for self-realization of individuals and diverse perspectives for the development of the country's socio‑cultural space, and on the other hand, freedom in social networks creates conditions for the popularization of antihuman attitudes, pseudo-values, xenophobic ideologies and worldview systems.
 Conclusions of the research. The value deviations of social network subjects are a logical continuation of the deformations of the moral, political, legal, spiritual and other humanistic direction attitudes that are widespread in Ukrainian society. Undoubtedly, the influence of value deviations on domestic socio-cultural development is destructive and it can manifest itself in illegal, immoral, aggressive models of behavior.

Tasks and powers of the National police of Ukraine in ensuring information security of the state

The purpose of the article is to examine the role of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. The subject of the study: The subject of the study is the competence of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. Methodology: Dialectical method, epistemological method, analytical method, formal and legal method, normative and dogmatic method, the methods of legal modeling and forecasting were used in the research. The results of the study: The definition of “information security” and “cyber security” is provided. The main factors that negatively affect the information space in Ukraine, as well as current threats to Ukraine’s national security in the information sphere are identified. Practical implications: It is established that the number of crimes in the information sphere is growing every year. In this regard, the task of the National Police is to combat crimes and other offenses in this area, as well as to protect relevant rights and freedoms of citizens, society and the State. Value/originality: The tasks and powers in the area of information security protection of the National Police in general and the Department of Cyber Security, in particular, are defined.

CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF STRATEGY FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY

The components of the strategy of economic security in Ukraine are proposed, the key purpose of which is to determine the model of actions and means of the system of economic security, development of the main directions, forms, methods and tools for achieving strategic goals; it is argued that this strategy should include five sections (1. Preamble. 2. General provisions. 3. Purpose, main directions and tasks. 4. Mechanisms. 5. Indicators) the implementation of which involves the joint efforts of government and society on levels of the state, regions and local self-government. To implement the strategy it is necessary to perform a set of tasks: to determine the basic parameters of environmentally safe condition; identify the priorities of economic policy in relation to the objectives of economic security; substantiate the ways and means of achieving the objectives of economic security; to form a set of measures to ensure the achievement of certain goals and objectives; identify the necessary resources for the implementation of certain tasks, as well as conditions and factors that ensure the greatest efficiency of their use; to ensure effective organization of monitoring the implementation of strategic planning documents in ensuring economic security. The mechanism for implementing the strategy involves combining the efforts of government and society at the state, regional and local governments to coordinate the strategy with existing comprehensive target programs and monitor its implementation based on targets. Information and information-analytical support for the implementation of this strategy is provided by the coordinating role of the relevant Ministry through the involvement of information resources of interested public authorities and public research institutions. Implementation of the economic security strategy should be ensured through the adoption of new laws and other regulations, amendments to legal acts in the field of agriculture and environmental protection, as well as the development of the State Program for Economic Security in Ukraine for 2022- 2024

Regulatory fundamentals of the fight against terrorism in Ukraine

An important element of ensuring national security in Ukraine is the legal consolidation of practical and real principles in national legislation. One of the main reasons for the low quality of the fight against terrorism is the imperfection of legal acts and the inconsistency of the level of preparation for real threats. Normative acts require detailed study, analysis and substantiation in view of international law and evolution, due to which, changes are made more than once. The growing number of terrorism in the world, gives impetus to international cooperation to combat the most dangerous crime. Research is important to address the challenges of preventing terrorism.To improve the legislation, it is necessary to take into account the degree of ability to anticipate threats and assess risks, to ensure the continuity of the process of activity of bodies and the process of recovery. Improving Ukrainian legislation requires modernizing Cain's anti-terrorism legislation on countering and preventing terrorism.The article analyzes the legal framework for combating terrorism, identifies the relevance of the problem of combating terrorism, the range of regulations, considers the views of scientists on the system of their division by type, proposed its own system of regulations in the table.Specifically, some important legal acts on measures to combat terrorism are analyzed. The international legal documents establishing the general principles of international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction to terrorism are studied.The priorities of the state policy in the field of counter-terrorism, the principles of counter-terrorism enshrined in regulations are considered, and some proposals for improving the regulatory framework in the fight against terrorism in Ukraine are identified.

Current issues of legal environment of tax security of Ukraine

The paper notes that in order to effectively ensure financial the safety of citizens of Ukraine is extremely important to achieve an appropriate level of tax security of the state as a basic structural element of financial state security. Identified threats affecting the current state the domestic tax security of the state. A number of regulatory and legal acts regulating the provision of tax security in Ukraine. A set of actions has been determined that is optimal for increasing the level of tax security of Ukraine. Politics should become the basis of state tax security ensuring the safety of domestic producers, because they are the most payers of taxes and fees, guarantors of a developed economic system, a source of employment in a market economy. Many problems getting in the way the study of tax security is explained by the fact that «tax security state» as a term is practically not regulated in the legislation of our state, its specifics and the composition of threats that can cause him significant harm. The vast majority of domestic and foreign scientists, considering issues of tax security, focus on micro-level, namely on the tax security of enterprises. While this the problem requires in-depth development and a systematic approach to determining the concept of «tax security» is precisely at the macro level of the study of the tax state security. To ensure the proper level of tax security it is necessary to determine its current state, the main components and factors of influence, examining the features of the functioning of the domestic tax system. It was noted that the future cooperation of the State Tax Service of Ukraine and Bureau of Economic Security will help eliminate duplication of functions law enforcement and reducing unnecessary and unjustified pressure on taxpayers, and will also help improve efficiency investigation of economic crimes and improve Ukrainian investment attractiveness.

Coordination of ensuring the protection of critical infrastructure objects

The article is devoted to the analysis of critical infrastructure objects protection problems, in particular coordination the provision of that protection. The article examines the problematic issues of legal and organizational support for the critical infrastructure protection, considers the establishment of coordination body in the field of critical infrastructure protection and proposes methodological principles of its activities. The authors state that the defined mechanisms and procedures of interaction between the existing national security and crisis response systems are insufficiently developed and tested for cases of large-scale crisis situations. It is indicated that the issues of CI protection were included in the number of priority areas of the state national security policy of Ukraine. The bill of law «On Intelligence», which defines the legal and organizational principles of intelligence, the legal status and social guarantees of intelligence officers and the procedure for monitoring intelligence, is analyzed. The article includes the analysis of the bill «On Critical Infrastructure and its Protection», the content of which provides for the establishment of the Authorized Body for Critical Infrastructure Protection, which is responsible for coordinating the activities of ministries and other central executive bodies in the field of protection and safety of critical infrastructure . The authors conclude that the establishment of coordinating bodies of special competence is an important component of ensuring the security of Ukraine's national interests from real and potential threats. It is noted that the experience of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in Ukraine has shown high priority in ensuring the functioning of critical infrastructure. The article proposes that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine submit to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine a revised bill on critical infrastructure and its protection; develop and approve the procedure for classifying facilities as critical infrastructure and create a register of facilities classified as CI; develop and approve the National Plan for Critical Infrastructure Protection of Ukraine.

Ukraina między Wschodem a Zachodem. Stanowisko Polski wobec akcesji Ukrainy do NATO i Unii Europejskiej

In this article, the author analyses Ukraine’s international policy and particularly its balancing between the East and the West from the moment of its declaration of independence in 1991 to the present day. He states that Ukraine’s foreign policy fluctuates between Russian (eastern) and transatlantic (western) orientations. In the author’s opinion, this difficult choice is determined by many factors, including historical, cultural, social, economic and international ones. Moreover, the author presents the position of Poland towards this still unsolved Ukrainian dilemma and towards Ukraine’s accession to NATO and the European Union. The main thesis of this article is the author’s conclusion that the imperial international policy of Russia under President Vladimir Putin and the passive stance of NATO, the European Union and the United States have exerted a particular influence on Ukraine’s foreign policy and the position of Poland towards its Euro-Atlantic aspirations. Being afraid of Russia, the West in a broad sense has come to terms with its aggressive policy towards Ukraine and has forgotten about Crimea. It cares about its economic cooperation with Russia more than about the security of Ukraine and Poland.

PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN UKRAINE

Abstract. The economy of Ukraine is constantly in conditions of instability and uncertainty of further development, therefore, the problem of restoring an acceptable level of economic security of the state seems to be urgent. The essential aspects of theoretical and methodological approaches to a comprehensive assessment of the level of economic security are the subject of numerous scientific studies, but they do not focus on the mechanism of practical management, which should provide acceptable values of the estimated indicators. The special role of individual indicators, their interrelation, interdependence and the priority of observing their level for the stabilization and development of the economy is substantiated. The analysis of industrial and investment and innovation security made it possible to determine their state as unsatisfactory (at the same time, according to some indicators, the situation is characterized as dangerous, approaching to critical level); the problem of unsatisfactory management of economic security in Ukraine is identified. To create an effective management system for the country’s economic security is proposed: to improve the methodology for calculating its level (differentiation of weight coefficients, application the criteria for destimulating assessments for indicators of investment and innovation security); to change its status to compulsory, not recommendatory; to provide reporting of the necessary statistical data and include it in the list (register) of open data sets that are subject to publication; to conduct continuous monitoring of indicators status of economic security; to identify trends in changes and identify problem segments; to develop socio-economic plans (programs) taking into account the criteria of economic security; to formulate tasks, authorities, responsibility and organize interaction of executive authorities in order to achieve the target level of state economic security. Further research is advisable to conduct not only in the direction of improving the methodology for assessing economic security, but also creating an organizational mechanism for managing the state economic security, which should ensure an acceptable level of all indicators of its assessment. Building a balanced system of economic security management in Ukraine and its practical implementation is a guarantee and at the same time a necessity for the successful economic development of Ukraine. Keywords: national security, economic security, industrial safety, investment and innovation security, depreciation of fixed assets, capital investments. Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 16.

БЕЗПЕКООРІЄНТОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ СТРАХУВАННЯ ДЕПОЗИТІВ: ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ I СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД

Розглянуто основні засади функціонування системи страхування депозитів у світовій практиці, її передумови, визначальні характеристики, місце i роль у забезпеченні фінансової безпеки країни. Виокремлено основоположні засади ефективних систем страхування депозитів, які відповідають міжнародному досвіду і охоплюють такі основні елементи, як: 1) функціонування формалізованих з обмеженим покриттям систем страхування депозитів; 2) сукупність інституцій, які забезпечують ефективне функціонування систем страхування депозитів; 3) система страхування вкладів як ланка у забезпеченні фінансової безпеки країни, підкріплена пруденційним регулюванням, наглядом і контролем.
 Проаналізовано кількісні параметри страхування депозитів у країнах ЄС i констатовано єдиний підхід до визначення рівня фінансових ресурсів для системи страхування вкладів у розмірі 0,80 % від обсягу застрахованих депозитів, а мінімальне його значення може становити не менше нiж 0,50 % в окремих країнах за узгодженням з ЄС. Окреслено проблемні аспекти формування і використання фінансових ресурсів у вітчизняній системі гарантування вкладів. Обґрунтовано, що важливим елементом функціонування систем гарантування депозитів є не лише механізм формування фінансових ресурсів, а й рівень їх використання, розмір страхового покриття i відшкодування.
 Зазначено, що система страхування вкладів в Україні вимагає реформування в напрямі забезпечення фінансової стабільності й наближення до європейських практик. Страхування депозитів у вітчизняній практиці існує в непрямому варіанті і базується на резервуванні залежно від депозитної бази банківських установ і валюти вкладу.
 Виявлено основні загрози і небезпеки фінансовій безпеці України у сфері гарантування депозитів, зокрема недостатність сум можливого відшкодування за рахунок коштів ФГВФО до загальної суми вкладів, скорочення загальної кількості вкладників фізичних осіб та необхідність підвищення максимального розміру страхового відшкодування в напрямі дотримання вимог вступу до ЄС.
 Запропоновано перспективні напрями реформування системи гарантування вкладів в Україні з позицій безпеки на основі дотримання принципів формування ефективних систем страхування депозитів, визначених Базельським комітетом з питань банківського нагляду та уточнених Міжнародною асоціацією страхування депозитів (IADI).

Opening in times of crisis? Examining NATO and the EU's support to security sector reform in post-Maidan Ukraine

ABSTRACT Security sector reform has remained largely disconnected from the broader debate on societal transition in the literature thus far. We conceptualise how external support to security sector reform could potentially facilitate socio-political order opening in a limited access order. Based on two dimensions, we examine the case of NATO and EU's support to Ukraine's security sector reform between 2014 and 2019. NATO's support to the military and the EU's support to the police and state security service (SBU) appear unlikely to cause opening of the social order, while NATO's support to the military-industrial complex is more likely to cause opening.

An essence of the security in context of constitutional legal dimension

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the security within the framework of its understanding in the constitutional legal sphere of national legal science. The need to conduct this study is based on the relevance of the search for promising directions in ensuring the safety of human, society, and the state in a rapidly changing modern world, within the framework of which the main role is assigned to its legal foundations, in which the provisions of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine play a primary role Purpose and objectives of the study. The main purpose of the article is to consider the concept of security in the framework of the basic legal and constitutional legal category on an analysis of the articles of the Constitution of Ukraine and normative legal aspects (in case of basics of The National Security Act 2018 and The Strategy of the National Security 2020), which enshrine the essence and foundations of ensuring of the security in Ukraine, and also presents the main doctrinal approaches to defining security in the framework of constitutional and legal researches. Research methods. The research carried out in the article is based on the assessment of generally accepted approaches to defining the characteristic features of security as a phenomenon of public relations, assessing the main challenges and threats to the existence of a human, society, and the state in Ukraine at the present stage of their development, analyzing the legal framework for ensuring of security in Ukraine, as well as understanding of security as a constitutional legal category. Research conclusions. As a result of the study, the idea is given that security is a complex and multi-vector category, the nature of which depends on the definition of the scope of its implementation and provision. The legal component is the basis for ensuring of national security as the main way to ensure the security of a human, society, state in Ukraine, which is implemented within the framework of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and special legislation. As part of the study of constitutional and legal approaches to defining national security as a broad category, it is necessary to single out its special component subspecies - constitutional security, which serves as the basis for the protection and stability of the development of constitutional legal institutions and constitutionalism in Ukraine.

Інституалізація державного управління у сфері бюджетної безпеки: суб’єктне оновлення

The article aims at forming a general vision of the institutionalization of public administration in the field of budget security and summing up the latest trends in the sphere. Systematic, integral, complex and logical approaches are used in the research. It is suggested to understand the institutionalization of public budget security management as the process of identifying relevant institutions, formalizing and systematizing fundamental provisions (object, purpose, principles, functions, tasks, forms, and norms), their connections and communications within public budget security management in particular and in general, as a whole or in the context of a particular focal request. Regulatory institutions of direct and indirect action as for budget security are identified in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, namely: the Ministry of Finance and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine are institutions of direct action; the Ministry of Economy, the Accounting Chamber, the State Audit Service of Ukraine, the State Customs Service of Ukraine, the State Treasury Service of Ukraine, and the State Financial Monitoring Service are institutions of indirect action. A general institutional activity model for the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine is designed on the basis of the elaboration of legislative documents. The analysis made of its provisions provides grounds for formulating a proposal to clarify the Law of Ukraine "On the Bureau of Economic Security in Ukraine" by introducing a new section III "Lines of Activity of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine" with a specific structure; provisions of budget security are presented in three draft articles of the law, enumerating the objects of regard for the Bureau of Economic Security and the grounds for starting activity and communication. Prospects for further research are seen in continuing to detail the institutional provisions for all the declared regulatory institutions, while identifying vulnerabilities for each of them with regard to the object of the research, i.e., public budget security management, and in suggesting recommendations for their solution.

ОЦІНКА РІВНЯ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ

The article is dedicated to the problems of ensuring the banking security in Ukraine. Theoretical and methodological provisions for security assessment of the banking system in Ukraine have been considered, the directions of its development have been substantiated. Banking security is the level of financial stability of the country’s banking institutions, which allows to ensure the efficiency of the country’s banking system and protection from external and internal destabilizing factors, regardless of the operation conditions. The article analyzes the banking security on the basis of the approach given in the Order № 1277 “On approval of Guidelines for assessment of the economic security level in Ukraine” from 29.10.2013. The leading safety indicators have been calculated. Owing to the rationing of indicators and the share of each indicator being taken into account, the Integrated Indicator of Banking Security in Ukraine in the dynamics for 2010–2020 has been calculated. Each indicator separately and the integrated indicator of banking security in dynamics have been analyzed. During the analyzed period, the highest level of security of the banking system in Ukraine was observed in 2013, and the lowest – in 2015. During 2014–2015, the level of security in the banking sector decreased twice – from an almost satisfactory level (0.61) to an almost critical level (0.30). The reasons for the negative trends have been presented and ways to enhance the level of security have been suggested. Based on the assessment, the most significant threats have been identified, such as: high level (share) of non-performing loans in the banking system in Ukraine (their share is one of the highest in the world); strengthening of the imbalance of long-term loans and deposits, as a result the deficit of so-called “long resources”, which are an important prerequisite for the resumption of economic growth in Ukraine and in the long run a source of income for banks; strengthening of the influence of capital of foreign financial groups: almost critical part of foreign capital in the banking system, which fluctuates between a dangerous level of 40% and a critical level of 60%, with such a trend, there may be a partial or complete loss of independence in the banking sector of Ukraine; return on assets (ROA) shows extremely negative results and is characterized as non-profit; high degree of concentration of the banking system in Ukraine: the share of assets of the five largest banks in 2019–2020 decreased compared to 2018, but still remains more critical: 86 and 74%, respectively, but this decrease is insignificant, it is necessary to continue demonopolization in the banking sector to bring this figure closer to the optimal 30%.