Area Of Security Research Articles

Dye-free and reprintable multi-color DLP 3D printing using ZnCl2-based polymerizable deep eutectic solvents and type I photoinitiators

The current multi-color digital light processing (DLP) relies on different dyes and complex resin exchange/cleaning equipment to fabricate multi-color objects. Here, we developed a novel and simple approach to print multi-color objects using a conventional DLP printer with acrylic acid (AA)/ZnCl2/H2O (AZH)-based polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) and type I photoinitiators, eliminating the need for dyes. The coloration of the printed objects is achieved by the molecular isomerization of type I photoinitiators remaining in the cured material. Furthermore, the color tuning range of the printed objects with this approach is close to the full-color gamut. Another advantage of this approach is that the printed objects can be recycled and reused to prepare the precursor solution for new multi-color DLP printing, making it a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly method. Finally, the potential application of multi-color objects in information encryption and decryption has been demonstrated, which opens new possibilities for the use of multi-color DLP printing in security and other areas. This novel multi-color DLP printing strategy utilizing residual photoinitiators represents a significant advancement in 3D printing technology, offering a simpler, more flexible, and more sustainable approach to achieving multi-color printing.

Effects of Herder-farmer Conflict on Output of Food Crops among Households in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondents. A sampling technique applied was multistage sampling in selection of respondents. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire for 768 respondents out of which 648 respondents were found useful for the work. Data were analysed with the use of likert scale, regression models and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that farmer-herder conflict, hired labour, amount of money spent on seed, amount of money spent on fertilizer, age, farming experience, amount of money spent on weeding, farm size, household size and contact with extension agent have positive differential coefficient, hence, positive relationship exist between the aforementioned variables and production output. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria‘s government should invest in the security area by consistently providing the security personnel with upgraded security gadgets and adequate security funding for training and equipping security staff in best global security practices and defensive intelligence gathering.

Airport Perimeter Security System Readiness Analysis (Case Study At Budiarto Curug-Tangerang Airport)

This study aims to determine how the perimeter conditions and solutions to the obstacles that exist in the Budiarto Airport Management Unit (UPBU). The study used a descriptive method and data collection used was the method of interviewing, observing and documenting. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data display, and conclusing drawing. This study used several respondents as a sample, one airport security officer and four village/sub-district officials in four villages surrounding the Budiarto Airport Management Unit (UPBU). This research shows that the perimeter security system at Budiarto Airport is still not ready and tight, because avsec (aviation security) is only located or standing guard at the gate only, the results of interviews with the surrounding village chief also showed that there are still many residents who are still approaching the airport security area because they still do not understand the meaning of warning signs on the perimeter.

Determination the Number and Schedule of Security Officers for Pandemic Period and Hybrid Learning at University

The recovery condition after the Covid-19 pandemic in various sectors from the economic sector, education, and even tourism requires many adjustments in various factors. A university is an educational institution that applies the concept of online learning in pandemic conditions. Restrictions on activities carried out on campus have an influence on the workload of security officers. In this study, the number of security officers was determined during the pandemic and hybrid learning so as to minimize the costs that must be incurred by the university. Determining the number of security officers needed uses a workload analysis based on interviews and considers several factors such as the target level of environmental security, the wide coverage of the security area, and the workload of the security officers themselves. After knowing the number of security officers needed, then scheduling based on work shifts uses the Tibrewala, Philippe, and Brown algorithm so that the workload is evenly distributed. The results obtained show that during the pandemic 35 security officers are needed with an estimated allocation of IDR 156,103,200 per month and get a savings of IDR 84,287,500,- per month (35.1%). For hybrid learning, it takes 51 personnel with an estimated allocation of IDR 224,303,200,- per month. This cost increases by IDR 68.200.000,- per month (43.7%) of pandemic conditions. This research is expected to provide consideration for universities as one of the steps to make savings and be useful during the pandemic and hybrid learning.

Malicious webshell family dataset for webshell multi-classification research

Malicious webshells currently present tremendous threats to cloud security. Most relevant studies and open webshell datasets consider malicious webshell defense as a binary classification problem, that is, identifying whether a webshell is malicious or benign. However, a fine-grained multi-classification is urgently needed to enable precise responses and active defenses on malicious webshell threats. This paper introduces a malicious webshell family dataset named MWF to facilitate webshell multi-classification researches. This dataset contains 1359 malicious webshell samples originally obtained from the cloud servers of Alibaba Cloud. Each of them is provided with a family label. The samples of the same family generally present similar characteristics or behaviors. The dataset has a total of 78 families and 22 outliers. Moreover, this paper introduces the human–machine collaboration process that is adopted to remove benign or duplicate samples, address privacy issues, and determine the family of each sample. This paper also compares the distinguished features of the MWF dataset with previous datasets and summarizes the potential applied areas in cloud security and generalized sequence, graph, and tree data analytics and visualization.

Editorial for Vol.30, No.2

The June 2022 issue (Vol. 30, No. 2) of CIT. Journal of Computing and Information Technology brings four papers from the areas of network security, natural language processing, intelligent control systems, and software engineering.

Systematic Literature Review on Security Access Control Policies and Techniques Based on Privacy Requirements in a BYOD Environment: State of the Art and Future Directions

The number of devices connected within organisational networks through ”Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD) initiatives has steadily increased. BYOD security risks have resulted in significant privacy and security issues impacting organisational security. Many researchers have reviewed security and privacy issues in BYOD policies. However, not all of them have fully investigated security and privacy requirements. In addition to describing a system’s capabilities and functions, these requirements also reflect the system’s ability to eliminate various threats. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of privacy and security criteria in BYOD security policies, as well as the various technical policy methods used to mitigate these threats, to identify future research opportunities. This study reviews existing research and highlights the following points: (1) classification of privacy and security requirements in the context of BYOD policies; (2) comprehensive analyses of proposed state-of-the-art security policy technologies based on three layers of security BYOD policies, followed by analyses of these technologies in terms of the privacy requirements they satisfy; (3) technological trends; (4) measures employed to assess the efficacy of techniques to enhance privacy and security; and (5) future research in the area of BYOD security and privacy.

D-Penicillamine@Ag/Cu Nanocluster-Based Fluorescent Nanoneuron for Logic Screening Phosphonate-Type Organophosphate Pesticides and Steganographically Encrypting Information.

Organophosphate pesticides are used in agriculture due to their high effectiveness and low persistence in eradicating insects and pests. However, conventional detection methods encounter the limitation of undesired detection specificity. Thus, screening phosphonate-type organophosphate pesticides (OOPs) from their analogues, phosphorothioate organophosphate pesticides (SOPs), remains a challenge. Here, we reported a d-penicillamine@Ag/Cu nanocluster (DPA@Ag/Cu NCs)-based fluorescence assay to screen OOPs from 21 kinds of organophosphate pesticides, which can be used for logic sensing and information encryption. Acetylthiocholine chloride was enzymatically split by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to produce thiocholine, which reduced the fluorescence of DPA@Ag/Cu NCs due to the transmission of electrons from DPA@Ag/Cu NCs donor to the thiol group acceptor. Impressively, OOPs acted as an AChE inhibitor and retained the high fluorescence of DPA@Ag/Cu NCs due to the stronger positive electricity of the phosphorus atom. Conversely, SOPs possessed weak toxicity to AChE, which led to low fluorescence intensity. By setting 21 kinds of organophosphate pesticides as the inputs and the fluorescence of the resulting products as the outputs, DPA@Ag/Cu NCs could serve as a fluorescent nanoneuron to construct Boolean logic tree and complex logic circuit for molecular computing. As a proof of concept, by converting the selective response patterns of DPA@Ag/Cu NCs into binary strings, molecular crypto-steganography for encoding, storing, and concealing information was successfully achieved. This study is expected to advance the progress and practical application of nanoclusters in the area of logic detection and information security while also enhancing the relationship between molecular sensors and the world of information.

State management and financial support of innovations: the example of Ukraine

The article discusses the current trends in innovation in Ukraine, their financial support and features of public management on the example of the defense and agricultural sectors, which are vital in the field of national security. The goal is to study the impact of new economic realities caused by systemic reforms and crisis processes on the innovative development of Ukraine in order to substantiate promising areas of innovative national security in terms of highlighting the conceptual foundations of financial support for innovation as a component of Ukraine's national security. To achieve the goals of the study, scientific tasks are defined: analysis of the regulatory regulation of state investment management, statistical analysis of financing costs and correlation analysis of macro indicators, the policy of forming an innovative economy in the countries of the world, industry specifics of individual sectors of national security. Methodological tools used in the research are methods of economic theory, the method of comparisons and statistical analysis for the disclosure of innovative analysis and its components; formalization method for work on direct strategic development. According to the analysis of the dynamics of funding of scientific and scientific and technical activity during 2010-2020, an increase in the specific weight of external funds, other sources and, accordingly, a decrease in the specific weight of budget financing, domestic and foreign customers, which calculated the results of the core of the innovative ratings of the country. The data of the econometric analysis of 2010-2021 show the dependence of the view on innovations and the increase of the main macroeconomic indicators. This will be confirmed by the ranking positions for the global innovation index. Foreign experience was analyzed and recommendations are made for its possible application in the national economy. Research will contribute to the further development, emphasis and coordination of governmental and international programs for innovative development being developed for it. The results of the study may be useful for the formation of a strategy for the innovative development of individual industries.

Transfer of Airport PAS Administration Procedures from Offline to Online at the Makassar Regional V Airport Authority Office

Airport Public Address System (PAS) Card is a limited area entry permit card in the Airport area. Airport PAS is issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. In order to improve security at airports, Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 167 of 2015 has been stipulated which is an amendment to Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 33 of 2015 concerning Access Control to Limited Security Areas at Airports. In it there are several articles that regulate airport security areas, control of entrances to airports and administrative sanctions for violating airport security regulations. To find out the form of transition of airport pass administration procedures from offline to online at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office? This research is a qualitative research with a comparative descriptive type of research that uses data collection methodologies with literature studies, observations and interviews. Sugiyono (2018), explains the notion of a qualitative research method is a research method that is based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to research on natural object conditions, (as opposed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument, data collection techniques are carried out by triangulation (combined ), data analysis is inductive/qualitative in nature, and the results of qualitative research emphasize the meaning of generalizations. Comparative descriptive qualitative research in this study is used to describe and analyze the transition of airport pass administration procedures from offline to online at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office from the side of officers and applicants.

The role of Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Security and Incident Response

The escalating number and intricacy of cyber attacks have underscored the urgent requirement for innovative solutions to bolster the security of digital infrastructure. Among these solutions, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a promising technology with the potential to significantly enhance cyber security and incident response. It has the aptitude to improve the speed and accuracy of threat detection, response and mitigation while also reducing the workload on security professionals. This research paper focuses on the role of AI in key areas of cyber security and incident response, specifically vulnerability assessment, intrusion detection and prevention, and digital forensics analysis. It elucidates how AI, with its innate capabilities, can be a game-changer by empowering organizations to detect, respond to, and mitigate threats more effectively. However, AI is not a silver bullet for Cyber Security. Like any technology, it possesses its limitations and potential vulnerabilities. Consequently, this paper also addresses the need for ongoing development in the field of AI to overcome these limitations and challenges. By recognizing the need for continuous advancements, the research paper emphasizes the importance of future research and development efforts to maximize the potential benefits of AI in the realm of cyber security.

DIGITAL SECURITY IN EDUCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS: A STUDY BASED ON FUTURE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS

A key aspect of future teacher training in this highly digitalized period of education requires a specific focus on digital skills, especially in the area of security. This study delves into this issue by means of a quantitative, theoretical and systematic review of future teachers currently in training at the Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology of Ceuta of the University of Granada (Spain). The specific intention is to determine their perception of the instruction they receive on digital matters, concretely on cybersecurity during their phase of pre-service. To carry out the project, the study resorted to a descriptive method by submitting the participants to a specifically designed questionnaire entitled “Digital Security Competence Required for Teachers”. Examinations of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire reveal its relevance and reliability. The intention, after applying descriptive and inferential statistics tests, was to determine whether students in pre-service training really feel competent on digital matters or if they feel need more theoretical-practical training, especially in the area of security. The general findings reveal that future female teachers pursuing a university degree in Early Childhood Education, although competent from the techno-pedagogical viewpoint, indicate that attaining a high level of competence in digital security requires more theoretical and practical training. Future male Primary Education teachers, by contrast, perceive themselves as competent in digital security. This perhaps stems from their training (courses and workshops) in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the theoretical and practical instruction they received at the university during courses or during a practicum. This aspect deserves further research because, as highlighted elsewhere, higher education institutions must prioritize instruction on digital security in their teacher programs.

Self-perception of digital competences in Higher Education Teachers

The present study had two research objectives: (a) Analyze the self-perception that higher-level teachers have about the mastery of digital skills in relation to the areas of information, communication, content creation, security and problem solving; and (b) Identify the level of mastery of digital skills presented by higher level teachers in relation to the areas of information, communication, content creation, security and problem solving. The methodological design had a quantitative approach, which allowed the collection of information required to achieve the objectives set. With this study, we contribute to the frontier of knowledge regarding the gaps between the use and application of digital skills, by the teaching staff of public institutions of higher level.

Legal issues of the effectiveness of the security and defense sector's security forces in view of the need to comply with the constitutional principles of activity

The article examines the legal issues of the effectiveness of the security forces of the security and defence sector with a view to the need to comply with constitutional principles in their activities. The system of ensuring national security of the Ukrainian State should create a unified State and legal mechanism which clearly defines the elements of security, and should solve tasks and perform functions to protect the vital interests of an individual, the State and society within the powers defined by current legislation. The author identifies the need for development of legislation and other legal acts regulating relations in the area of national security, which, in turn, requires, of course, a new legal understanding which is to be applied in law-making and law implementation.

Youth Unemployment and National Security in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study

The successful handing over of power from the military oligarchy to a neophyte political class and the consequent returned of the nation to civil rule on May 29, 1999 has shifted attention to how to nurture the fledging democracy to maturity such that it can no longer be truncated either by internal or external forces. The stability of the nation has become the concern of all both the government and the governed. Pro democracy groups, human rights groups, civil societies and others have been greatly involved in the democratic consolidation in Nigeria. In spite of the above not much seems to have been achieved in the area of national security. The issue of national security has become a subject of debate and a serious concern to all and sundry. This is due to the various security challenges facing the country. This paper, therefore looked at unemployment as one of the major challenges to national security. The use of content analysis of secondary sources from published books, journals, official documents, newspapers and magazines was employed in this work. Maslow Human Hierarchy of Needs theory was also used to illuminate the study. It was gathered that, of numerous factors responsible for the uncontrollable rate of insecurity in the nation, unemployment is noted to be at forefront since many youths who are capable and willing to work are affected by this menace. The paper finally recommended that for the problem of insecurity to be abated, the economy of the nation should be diversified as the total dependence on crude oil receipt has done havoc to the productive sectors of Nigerian economy. The government should set up a contingency fund for agricultural and industrial development, as urgent preliminary initiative. Furthermore, the paper recommended the need for collaborative arrangement between the public and private sectors and that the educational sector should be developed through adequate funding to a stage where job seekers and graduates can stand on their own without looking for white collar jobs that are not available. Keywords: Security, Unemployment, Social Vices, Insecurity, Nigeria, Economy, Democracy Journal Reference Format: Ibitoye, M.O., Owolabi, D. & Akinlade, M.T. (2023): Youth Unemployment and National Security in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study. Humanities, Management, Arts, Education & the Social Sciences Journal. Vol. 11. No. 2, Pp 45-58. www.isteams.net/humanitiesjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/HUMANITIES/V11N2P5

함정근무 해양경찰공무원의 일과 삶의 균형이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Korea's sovereign sea is about 4.5 times the size of the land. In order to play such a vast security area, the coast guard operate ships. Coast guard officers must overcome their fragile working conditions, including the psychological atrophy of being at sea, the dangers of working at sea, the narrow work place of vessel, high noise, motion sickness, shift work, and isolation from family and society for a certain period of time. In this study, we examined how the work-life balance of coast guard officials working in vessel affects organizational effectiveness, and furthermore, we empirically analyzed what regulatory effects job stress has. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that work growth balance and work-family balance, which are the components of work-life balance of coast guard officials working in vessels, had a positive(+) effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which are sub-factors of organizational effectiveness. Second, it is the result of analyzing whether the ultimate goal of this study, the work-life balance of coast guard officials working in vessels, has a moderating effect of job stress in affecting organizational effectiveness perception. First, as a result of analyzing the moderating effect of job stress in the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, job stress in the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment was found to have a negative(-) moderating effect.

Realization of digital and information human rights under martial law

The article is dedicated to the realization of digital and information human rights under martial law. Active use of digital and information technologies in human life led to the development of such categories as digital and information human rights and digitalization of society are stated. Connection between digital and information rights is installed, authors highlight that information rights unlike digital rights can be realized not only by digital technologies, but digital rights can`t be realized without digital and information technologies.Authors of the research conducted an electronic survey of citizens using social networks and platform Google Forms for detection of the level understanding and violation of digital and information human rights under martial law. Results of the survey demonstrates that 27,3% respondents always experienced with violation of digital and information human rights, 30,3% – quite rarely, 24,2% – rarely, 18,2% – never. 90,9% respondents agreed that we need to create special institutions which will have functional powers aimed at protection of digital human rights nowadays, 9,1% people don’t consider it appropriate. Authors proposed to adopt a unique international normative-legal act at the level of the Organization of United Nations namely «Convention of digital and information human rights» and creation of the Committee on security of safety functional of digital and information spaces to the United Nations General Assembly. Powers of the Committee will be aim at adoption of reports from States parties on the results of state policy implementation in the area of security of digital and information rights; development and improvement the available remedies of security of digital and information rights; expand international cooperation in the area of prevention of new offenses in digital and information spaces; initiate creation of Convention of digital and information human rights.

A new lightweight data security system for data security in the cloud computing

In recent decades, data has proved indispensable to all facets of human existence. The development of several applications has resulted in the exponential expansion of data. This information can be encrypted and stored in secure areas. Cloud computing is the technology that can be used to store these massive data sets. The article suggests a Cloud-based Data Security System (C-DSS) that employs a five-tiered trust model for cloud-edge data-sharing architectures. The data owner can select an appropriate trust level and Cyber Threat Information (CTI) sanitization procedure before releasing CTI for analytic strategy. In addition, this cleansing method is conducted either by an end device or by the cloud service supplier, based on the organization's degree of confidence in latter. Research presents the trust architecture, cloud architecture, and installation methodology, all of which are intended to meet widest variety of needs for exchanging secret CTI information. The testing findings high degree of data security and an evident improvement in terms of cypher processing time and security services when compared to the encryption systems that are most often employed in cloud technology. In conclusion, research briefly outlines development and evaluation performed so far by pilot applications confirming the architecture.

NEW CHALLENGES IN THE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES. CHANGES IN LEGAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SAFETY OF UNMANNED AVIATION

The extremely dynamic development of civil aviation in recent years has simultaneously contributedto the growing popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have taken over air traffic inthe areas of protection and security of the population and, since the armed conflict in Ukraine, havealso been put to use as dual-use products in military operations. However, one must bear in mind alsousers who fly drones for private and recreational purposes. Such a rapid growth in interest caused thenecessity of introducing regulations that would enable their safe design, production, maintenanceand operation in the EU. Thanks to these requirements, the civil aviation authorities in the EU havemade every effort to create a solid legal framework for the operations of UAVs, keeping up with theirrapid technological development, minimizing accidents that involve flight participants and reducingthe risk of material damage or safety of bystanders present on the surface.The authors adopted the assumption that aviation safety regulations are excessively conservative.The first part of this hypothesis is not a revelation, the rule being that legal regulations are delayedin relation to the dynamics of technological progress in this field. The second is an open questionregarding the need for greater liberalization in the field of unmanned flights.

The importance of energy reserves in the Caspian Sea basin in the energy security policy of the European Union

In the study, the importance of the energy reserves in the Caspian Sea Basin in terms of the energy security policy of the European Union (EU) is discussed. The study highlights that the Caspian region is a key strategic area for the EU's energy security, given its significant oil and gas reserves and geographical location, allowing the construction of pipelines that can transport energy resources to Europe. The study begins by providing an overview of the EU's energy security challenges, including dependence on foreign energy sources, geopolitical tensions, and climate change concerns. The paper then highlights the Caspian region's role in overcoming these challenges, noting that the region's energy reserves can help diversify the EU's energy resources and reduce its dependence on Russia. The study discusses pipeline projects proposed or currently underway in the Caspian region, including the Trans-Caspian Pipeline, the Southern Gas Corridor, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline. This conceptual study emphasizes the importance of the Caspian region for the EU's energy security policy. It reveals the need for continuous relations and cooperation between the EU and the region's countries.