Area Of Security Research Articles

Dream of European Army: Is It a Feasible Objective or Not?

The European Union’s (EU) defense initiatives have changed over time, reflecting both the pursuit of security and defense goals and the shifting dynamics of European integration. To improve defense cooperation and create a common defense strategy for the EU, several initiatives have been made. The EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), which strives to strengthen its capacity to handle security concerns and preserve stability, has a significant influence on defense-related operations. We have witnessed new security and military efforts from the EU in the first two decades of the 2000s, such as the European Security Strategy, EU’s Global Strategy and Security Compass. 2013 marked a turning point when the USA deployed its new nuclear weapons in Europe. The announcement of the creation of the European army was made on November 13, 2017. Europe should be able to act independently in areas of defense and security rather than merely relying on the US or NATO. Because of these kinds of reservations, desires to pursue more advanced capabilities on their own have been raised.
 There has been a lot of debate and analysis around the reasons for and against the formation of a European army. Numerous parties have expressed interest in and influence over the notion of a European army. The development of a European army has been heavily debated over the past several years. Why is the idea of a European army so heavily investigated? Is building such an army a realistic goal or not? What are the benefits, drawbacks, and challenges to achieving it? Who is in favor of and against building an army in Europe? These are the primary questions that we attempt to address in this article.

Part One (Describing Criminality): The Society Agent Simulating (SAS) & Usage of Oral and Dental Diseases to Predict Criminals Earlier

Agent Based Modeling and Simulation & Usage of Oral and Dental Diseases to predict criminals & crimes: in part one (this paper) of our research description we only try to describe the knowledge of Cognitive Science, Agent-Based Simulation, Social Simulation, Artificial Intelligence and Multi Agent Systems. In the other hand in the second part (next paper) we will show how we can use the oral & dental diseases as a most important data for the Agent-Based Social Simulation, to early predict the criminals and crimes. In social simulating to create social behavioral modeling we need to apply the cognitive abilities. The cognitive ability is the most important property for the social agent. But the agent architecture is not included this ability. The agent with the cognitive ability will be able to improve the models of the behaviors in the society. This ability not only will be useful in the area of the society security and immigrant’s behavior in the target society, but also it is very useful in business and management fields. In this paper we are going to indicate different fields that can be used to predict the behavior of human. To know the different behaviors can make us to be able to predict criminals earlier by applying the comparison target’s internal harmony of life with the external harmony of world. So we will be able to predict the criminals before doing the crimes. It will help us to have secure life. Besides it will be useful in any other fields of life such as business, banking, political aspects, human resources and etc.

Forensic analysis and security assessment of IoT camera firmware for smart homes

Ease of flexibility, convenience, and smartness have made the Internet of Things (IoT) the industry, and user favorite device has recently piqued the industry's interest. With the widespread use of this technology, an unprecedented number of IoT endpoints, including devices in our homes, are now connected to external networks. Firmware of this type is typically heterogeneous and closed source. At the firmware level, it is harder to detect and evaluate security vulnerabilities since their effects are faster and larger. In recent years, several similarity-based firmware security detection techniques and tools have become research hotspots. Security concerns and attacks have risen to the top of the list for IoT security equipment, particularly IoT cameras. Firmware has historically been one of the most neglected areas of device security, leaving it exposed to malicious actors. This research proposes a unique twelve-step process to perform firmware analysis and security assessment of Smart IoT-based Camera devices.

Disaggregate Modelling for Estimating Location Choice of Safe and Secure Truck Parking Areas: A Case Study

Responding to the increasing need for safety and security in road freight transport, and to targeted legislation specifying the availability of freight drivers’ rest areas, this paper proposes a plan and a model for deployment of safe and secure parking areas for truck drivers. Disaggregate analysis within a stated preference and conjoint analysis framework leads to the modelling of truck parking area selection by each truck driver that registers in the system proposed in this research. The concept builds upon the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) upgrading of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) infrastructure systems while adapting to novel transport and logistics needs in an operationally safe, secure, and efficient environment for the supply chain. The analysis is applied in the Orient/East-Med Corridor of the TEN-T and is supported by the clustering of available truck parking areas for each truck route in the application subnetwork. The personalised approach is scalable and can be integrated into platforms for safe and secure truck parking areas, thus facilitating their acceptance and increasing awareness by the end-users. From pilot implementation on the Hellenic motorways, functional evaluation of use cases indicates 94.4% estimated choice probability of the most suitable parking area by the pilot drivers.

Robust Analysis of XXE Attack Produced by Malware

Malware Analysis is one of the major growing sections in the cyber security area. Various trends and types have been introduced in the industry for example static malware analysis, Dynamic malware analysis, hybrid malware analysis and machine learning-based malware analysis techniques. There is various malware introduced for example virus, Worms, ransomware, spyware, botnets, etc. Security threats have increased drastically over the period. From viruses, spyware, worms, trojans, and ransomware to many zero-day Malware is reported and exploited in different platforms. Platforms like Windows, Android, and Cloud (Iaas or Paas). The Phenomenon is like attackers always making targets to humans via social engineering methodology or Phishing. When we talk about humans, the first thing that comes to mind of an attacker is the platform from which they will be able to concentrate on the target. The basic approach used mainly in detecting Malware in any platform is signature-based detection, which is quite beneficial. Still, as Malware is designed to be more obfuscated, detecting those malicious activities using a signature-based approach takes a lot of work. After the signature-based method, the behavior-based process is used to detect Malware. As some drawbacks appeared in both approaches, then, researchers found methodologies that can use Machine Learning Algorithms, for example, KNN, Random Forest, Nearest Neighbor, etc.

The application of the nr-18 checklist in an underground dam project and the operational focus on excavation activities

The objective of this research is the application of the NR-18 checklist as a management tool for safety, health, work hygiene and quality of life for workers in the excavation applied to the construction of the underground dam. The study was carried out in a civil construction work in progress, in order to verify compliance with the work safety legislation in a work after determining the area for renting the underground dam. The verification method was adopted, as it is considered a means of easy measurement and understanding, and is widely accepted in the security area, with a focus on item 18.6. All visits were accompanied by a professional responsible for the execution, and authorization was requested to photograph the construction site. The NR-18 has 26 items to be analyzed at the construction site and of these only 2 were in compliance with the regulations, they are the items order and cleanliness and living area, the items that were not in compliance are safety signs, excavations and PPE's.

Exploring Current Trends and Challenges in Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

Cyber security is the process of preventing unauthorized access, theft, damage, and interruption to computers, servers, networks, and data. It entails putting policies into place to guarantee the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of information and information systems. Cyber security seeks to protect against a variety of dangers, including as hacking, data breaches, malware infections, and other nefarious actions. Cyber security has grown to be a major worry as a result of the quick development of digital technology and the growing interconnection of our contemporary society. In order to gain insight into the constantly changing world of digital threats and the countermeasures put in place to address them, this survey seeks to study current trends and issues in the area of cyber security. The study includes responses from end users, business executives, IT administrators, and experts across a wide variety of businesses and sectors. The survey gives insight on important problems such the sorts of cyber threats encountered, the efficacy of current security solutions, future technology influencing cyber security, and the human elements leading to vulnerabilities via a thorough analysis of the replies. The most important conclusions include an evaluation of the most common cyber dangers, such as malware, phishing scams, ransom ware, and data breaches, as well as an investigation of the methods and tools used to counter these threats. The survey explores the significance of staff education and awareness in bolstering cyber security defenses and pinpoints opportunities for development in this area. The survey also sheds insight on how cutting-edge technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are affecting cyber security practices. It analyses the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies while taking into account issues like data privacy, infrastructure security, and the need for specialized skills. The survey also looks at the compliance environment, assessing how industry norms and regulatory frameworks affect cyber security procedures. The survey studies the obstacles organizations encounter in attaining compliance and assesses the degree of knowledge and commitment to these requirements. The results of this cyber security survey help to better understand the current status of cyber security and provide organizations and individual’s useful information for creating effective policies to protect digital assets. This study seeks to promote a proactive approach to cyber security, allowing stakeholders to stay ahead of threats and build a safe digital environment by identifying relevant trends and concerns.

AdaBoost model-based rural governance co-integration and sharing mechanism

Abstract In this paper, we first study the implementation process of the AdaBoost model, initialize the weight distribution of training samples so that each sample weight is equal, then generate weak classifiers and calculate the minimum weighted error rate corresponding to each weak classifier, and then linearly combine the basic classifiers into strong classifiers by using weighted summation. Then the basic classifier weighting parameter calculation formula is improved by combining the characteristics of the logistics distribution function. Finally, the algorithm is used to analyze the rural governance willingness of river country residents, as well as to analyze the rural governance needs of rural residents at three levels: living conditions, public health and service facilities, to identify the types of rural governance, and to explore the rural governance patterns of different types of farm households. At the level of living conditions, farmers who wish to improve cooking fuel in 54 households, heating conditions in 61 households, bathing conditions in 40 households and family toilets in 53 households account for 43%, 49%, 32% and 42%, respectively. A total of 80 farming households, accounting for 29.41% of the research farming households, were optimized and upgraded, including 66 households in the key development area and 14 households in the production and living security area, accounting for 82.5% and 17.5% of the optimized and upgraded type, respectively. The research method of this paper has important references and reference significance for the construction of rural governance.

Assessment of Capability Levels and Improvement Recommendations Using COBIT 2019 for the IT Consulting Industry

The company engaged in services and information technology solutions is facing issues with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to document IT risks. Additionally, there has been system downtime on the local server, resulting in data loss for employee records, financial data, inventory data, and purchase data. An assessment of the company's IT governance capability is conducted using the COBIT 2019 framework, focusing on operational and security areas. The results of the capability assessment for the APO12 process indicate that it has reached level 2, with a target of level 3. The DSS01 process has already achieved level 3, meeting the target capability level, while the DSS02 process has reached level 2 with a target of level 3. This demonstrates a 1-level gap within the APO12 and DSS02 processes. The recommendation provided to the company is to concentrate on risk management, finding a balance between the costs and benefits of managing IT-related risks.

РОЗРОБКАМОДЕЛІ ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСУ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ІНСАЙДЕРСЬКИХ КІБЕРЗАГРОЗ У БАНКАХ: ОНТОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПІДХІД

The article is devoted to developing an ontological model of the formalization of detecting insider cyber threats for banking institutions. This model's general requirements and criteria, elements and stages of construction were defined. As part of the model implementation, the structure of classes, relationships between them, characteristics of rules and restrictions, states of objects, temporal and spatial aspects, and aspects of authentication, access control, encryption and other areas of cyber security were proposed. In the modern realities of constantly growing cyber threats, developing effective means of their detection and countermeasures becomes a critical task for ensuring the cyber security of banking systems. The specificity of banking, where sensitive financial information is at constant risk, makes this problem particularly relevant. This is especially felt when solving tasks related to abuse of trust by internal users, so identifying insider threats becomes a significant challenge for banks. The difficulty of their detection is determined by several factors, such as the internal privileges of individuals with access to confidential information, as well as various traffic and intrusion methods. Therefore, this article aims to create a model for formalising the process of detecting insider cyber threats in banks based on an ontological approach. The development of an ontological model seeks to analyse and standardise knowledge about insider threats to improve the possibilities of their timely detection and reduce the reaction time to security events. Applying such an approach allows us to systematise and standardise knowledge about insider threats, defining relationships between concepts and objects in this context. As part of the research goal, the general requirements and criteria, elements and stages of building an ontological model of the formalisation of the process of detecting insider cyber threats in banks were determined. The structure of classes, relationships between them, characterisation of rules and restrictions, states of objects, temporal and spatial aspects, and aspects of authentication, access control, encryption and other areas of cyber security were proposed. The developed model is designed to solve the problems of identification, analysis and response to insider threats in the banking sector, contributing to increasing cyber security and responsibility in this crucial sector.

Assessing India - United States Security Agreements: A Critical Analysis

Asia is now a central part of world politics, where the interests of a number of global and regional actors have collided, including India, China, Japan, the United States and Russia. With the collapse of the socialist bloc and the end of the Cold War, the U.S. embarked on a new security policy, changed its priorities, promoting a new balance of power and defining a new role for itself in the post-bipolar world. India, on the other hand, has strengthened its position in the Asian region thanks to its rapid economic growth, huge domestic market, modernization of armed forces, and practice of democratization. Given India’s transformation and the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean and its maritime transport routes, Washington has become interested in strengthening ties with New Delhi. As a result, India - U.S. relations are moving from the estrangement of the past to the strategic engagement of the present. Since 2004, when the document entitled “Next Step towards Strategic Partnership” was adopted, the two countries have been experiencing a phase of deep strategic convergence. This is particularly true in the area of security and defense. In the present study the author argues that Indo-US defense agreements stimulate India’s offensive power, while negatively affecting regional security in South Asia and especially Pakistan’s security. In the milieu of research methodology, the author uses the methods of content analysis, event analysis, and problem-chronological method.

협력치안 구축을 통한 혼잡경비 안전관리 방안

The purpose of this study is to suggest methods to establish cooperative security among the three areas of local government, police, and private security regarding safety management measures for congestion security situations that occur at large-scale citizen participation events.. To conduct this study, we investigated accidents at domestic event venues and festivals that occurred from 2005 to 2022 and analyzed the causes and characteristics of each case. In addition, the study was conducted using a qualitative research method through interviews with practitioners based on manuals used by local governments and police organizations to respond to local festivals and events. As a result of the study, first, local governments need to take the lead and have cooperative security using the police and private security. Second, a cooperation system between the police and private security to respond to regular congestion security and regular mock training to cope with actual situations are needed. Third, private security needs to train and secure professional personnel who can diagnose security, including the shortcomings of various local events and festivals and the status of facility management, and build citizen trust by actively promoting successful cases of maintaining order. suggested that. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed.

IMPLEMENTING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE TO EMPOWER FARMER WOMEN IN MANAGING SUSTAINABLE FOOD IN THE MANDIRI VILLAGE

In order to create the socioeconomic conditions that will lead to self-sustaining and sustainable food security, it is crucial to analyze community empowerment models, particularly those that empower women, when evaluating the success of the food self-sufficient village program. In order to empower women in the management of sustainable, food-independent communities, research is being done to examine the state of food security, the role of institutions, and local knowledge. Survey techniques involving observation and interviews are included in the methodologies and data analysis. The findings demonstrated that the adequacy rate at the research site and the empowerment of farm women organizations in the area of family food security were not yet at their best. Some signs that empowerment has not been as effective as it could have been include: 1) respondents' education is typically dominated by elementary school level, which significantly affects food patterns and their presentations; 2) land productivity is limited (0.5 ha) and dependent on rainwater; and 3) the majority of family expenditure is food expenditure and provides less than enough calories (2100 calories). The Nagari Institutional's inadequate assistance and its local wisdom have a secondary impact on this problem. The women farmers' group's household food security status demonstrates that the empowerment of women farmers is not yet at its best, making independent food management unsustainable.

Evaluation and Performance of Integrated Crop Management in Chilli in Rainfed Tracts of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Chilli is an important high value spice crop, its integrated crop management is an important area for the welfare andlivelihood security of farmers. Most of the farmers of Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh are growing wide varieties and cultivars of chilli but so far the research findings on chilli integrated crop management were less aware. To know the yield potential of integrated crop management and its economic impact, evaluation on integrated crop management was conducted at Chandhaluru and Nallaguntla Guedm villages. The adopted package of practices was seed rate @1kg/ha, spacing 60x45cm, FYM 15t/ha, Urea, single super and muriate of potash256:150:80 kg/acre. There was wide variation between integrated crop management and farmers practice in fruit yield and economic returns. The results on yield and economic returns indicated that chilli integrated crop management was found superior to farmers practice. Integrated crop management could obtain 124 fruits per plant and yield of 47.00q/ha, thirps incidence (24.3%), whitefly incidence (9.67 %) and fruit rot infestation (6.0%). Whereas,in farmers practicefruits obtained were99per plant and yield of 43.00q/ha, thripsincidence (44.67 %),whiteflyincidence (28.33) and fruit rot(18 %) with a net income of Rs220000/- and B:C ratio 1: 1.88 compared to farmers practice with a net income of Rs113333/-with B:C ratio 1:1.36. The integrated crop management percent yield increased over farmers practices8.5 per cent. It was concluded that integrated crop management could help to improve the economy of the farmers.

Erosion of the Principle of Mutual Recognition. European Arrest Warrant and the Principle of Mutual Recognition in the Light of the Recent CJEU Rulings

An effective implementation of mutual recognition in the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice requires mutual trust between the Member State. Mutual trust has been eroded in some Member States due to the rule of law crisis. However, it is not only the rule of law crisis, but also the departure of the Member States from the shared values of respect for fundamental rights, as well as the differences in the prosecutorial systems of individual Member States, that have caused changes in the perception of the principle of mutual recognition. This paper will examine the evolving approach to the principle of mutual recognition based on the recent Court of Justice of the European Union rulings on the European arrest warrant. The analysis concludes that the CJEU attaches more importance to the protection of the principle of mutual recognition, the prosecution of perpetrators of crime, and the unwavering presumption of respect for fundamental rights by the Member states than to the effective protection of fundamental rights.

Transformations of French policy towards Iraq after 2014 (Nature and paths of interaction)

Since 2014, French foreign policy towards Iraq has been characterized by a commitment to stability and security in the region. France has provided financial and military support to the Iraqi government in its fight against ISIS, while also engaging in diplomatic efforts to promote political reconciliation and economic development. France also sought to strengthen its bilateral relations with Iraq, especially in the areas of trade, energy and security. In addition, France has been actively involved in international efforts to address the humanitarian crisis in Iraq, providing aid and assistance to those affected by the conflict. French foreign policy towards Iraq has been guided by the desire to promote stability and security in the region, while also helping to ensure the long-term success of Iraq's transition to Democracy."

TREATY ON ALLIED RELATIONS: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SECURITY COOPERATION BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN

The article discusses the state and prospects of practical cooperation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to ensure regional security in the context of the Treaty on Allied Relations (December 22, 2022). It is noted that the observed difficult geopolitical situation in the world and its impact on Central Asia contributes to close interstate cooperation between Astana and Tashkent in the field of security. Thus, unlike the Declaration on Allied Relations (December 6, 2021), the Treaty highlights substantive provisions related to strengthening interaction between states in the areas of defense and security, mutual assistance in the event of direct threats. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that this topic has not yet found a proper comprehensive analysis in the publications of Central Asian and foreign authors.

ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF CUSTOMERS AND CONTRACTORS DURING THE ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ARMED AGGRESSION

Ukraine is trying with all its might not to sink under the weight of the war. In the event of hostilities, the construction industry, like other sectors of the economy, found itself in a difficult situation, on the verge of collapse. Nevertheless, the Ukrainians could not be defeated, and most of the Developers resumed construction on the spot. The article is devoted to the topic of ensuring the economic security of Customers and Contractors of the construction industry of Ukraine while eliminating the consequences of armed aggression, which reveals the global problem of restoring the wartime housing stock. The article presents the mechanism of movement of financial flows, which should also be taken into account during the post-war recovery. Previously existing methods were analyzed. Examples of current documents regarding the determination of issues of economic security of construction enterprises are given, in which various methods and tasks are applied. An approach for improving methodical support for economic security monitoring is proposed. Economic security in Ukraine is one of the most prioritized functional areas of security. This is the state of protection of the country's national economy from external and internal threats, which ensures the country's economic sovereignty, the unity of its economic space, and the conditions for the implementation of Ukraine's strategic national priorities. The construction sector occupies one of the leading places in the country's economy. It is a multifaceted and multifunctional structure. Any changes that occur in any of the interrelated sectors of the economy lead to a reaction from the market, which undoubtedly affects the construction sector. One of the main features of the modern industrial and construction sector is the ability to work in the face of threats to economic security. One of the main tasks facing the economy of Ukraine and requiring serious consideration is the implementation of measures aimed at stabilizing the work of construction enterprises, including design enterprises. A competently built system of ensuring economic security with the use of existing or built corporate resources is able to create the necessary conditions for achieving business goals and maximizing profits. It is not yet known how all the processes will proceed in the conditions of military and post-war conditions. Economic factors in the construction industry are regularly reviewed. And these questions remain unresolved and relevant to this day.

지능정보사회에서 사회보장 영역의 정보화와 기본권 보호

In the field of social security, the transition to the ‘Digital Welfare States’ is accelerating as we detect fraud, and discover welfare blind spots using intelligent information technology. However, this can increase concerns about privacy protection and the advent of a surveillance society, and fixation of prejudice. The balance between innovation using new technologies and protection of fundamental rights is raised as an important task. In relation to these issues, this paper analyzes the Hague District Court’s case on the System Risk Indication (SyRI) to examine the impact of informatization in the social security area on the guarantee of basic rights and the implications to South Korea related to the direction of normative response to it.
 SyRI is a legal instrument used by the Dutch government to detect various forms of fraud, including social benefits, allowances, and taxes fraud. The court has ruled that the legislation regulating the use of SyRI does not comply with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which protects the right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence. The court has decided that the legislation does not strike a fair balance, as required under the ECHR, which would warrant a sufficiently justified violation of private life. In that respect, the application of SyRI is insufficiently transparent and verifiable.
 The SyRI case has an important meaning for many countries pursuing a digital welfare state in that it warned of such dangers regarding the digitalization of welfare, which has been promoted with only the convenience and efficiency of social security administration. Even if it is need to use intelligent information technology for a legitimate purpose, it can cause various risks and side effects, so we must first establish a legal basis through sufficient social discussion and agreement. In addition, rather than obsessing over efficiency and administrative convenience, it is necessary to think about fundamental measures to solve the problems of fraud and blind spots in the social security field, and focus on using technology for this purpose. Also, the legislation should accommodate enhanced transparency regarding risk models and algorithms, provision of information to the data subjects, objective evaluation procedures for the need for data processing and the adequacy of the process, and data protection impact assessment. Through this, it will be possible to prevent damage to constitutional values such as human autonomy, the right to self-determination of personal information, the privacy or the right to respect for private life, and equality, and to minimize restrictions on fundamental rights.

SENSE OF UNCERTAINTY AS A CRITERION OF HUMAN SECURITY

The sense of uncertainty has become one of the key criteria of human security in the third decade of the 21st century. The relationship between the sense of uncertainty and human security has been presented in the theoretical-cognitive and empirical aspects. The research results described in this publication are only one of the components of the completed research project in 2022. The aim of the research presented in this article was to analyze the impact of uncertainty on human security in the third decade of the 21st century. The first research problem was related to the recognition of the relationship between human security and the uncertainty of the world on the basis of the existing sources. The second and the third one concerned the structuring and validation of the index of uncertainty in the area of personal security. The analysis of the obtained field research results showed how important it was to diagnose human and design human security based on social practice, which was reflected in the final conclusions.