Sector Of Ukraine Research Articles

Structural shifts: impact on productivity and growth of Ukraine's economy

The leading feature of the modern world has been the deep structural shifts caused by radical transformations of its industrial landscape. The corresponding transformations were caused by changes in the internal structure of national industrial sectors and were based on the technologies of the "fourth industrial revolution", whose emergence gave additional impetus to the structural transformation of the world economy, intensifying competition in global markets. The Covid crisis was a catalyst for accelerating changes in the intersectoral proportions of the world economy, complicating the existing structural problems. The study shows that the key feature of the model of structural changes that occurred in Ukraine's economy after the global financial crisis was the accelerated reduction of the industrial sector, especially the loss of potential of the processing industry, its technological simplification and narrowing the variety of industries. This was accompanied by increased dominance of the tertiary sector and the growth of the primary sector. Excessive share in the structure of production is occupied by industries, whose mode of reproduction is able to generate only relatively low rates of economic growth (mining and related industries of primary processing in industry and agriculture). Such a trend of structural shifts is not able to generate the necessary boost of economic growth, and much less so as it is burdened by the risks of deepening structural inconsistency of Ukraine’s economy with the cardinal changes taking place in the world economy. Comparison of parameters and trends of structural changes in Ukraine’s economy and in a comparable group of countries and the world as a whole shows that the changes in the structure of Ukraine’s economy were much higher, but did not create sufficient potential for sustainable economic growth. The author analyzes the gaps in labor productivity between economic activities and sectors of Ukraine’s economy, as well as changes in their dynamics, which leads to the conclusions about the relationship between the rates of technological development of different sectors of Ukraine’s economy and the gradual slowdown of the already imperfect technological development of this country’s industry with further loss of competitiveness. Estimated the degree of influence of such factors as investments and technological innovations, as well as shifts in the structure of employment on the increase of labor productivity in Ukraine’s economy. Using the apparatus of econometric modeling, the author evaluates the dependence of the dynamics of GDP growth on the change of the indices of the physical volume of GVA in the sectors of this country’s economy.

Cluster analysis of charitable organizations of Ukraine using K-means technology

The work is devoted to the issue of segmentation of charitable organizations for structuring the sector of non-profit organizations of Ukraine using cluster analysis tools using software R for automated data processing. The four-cluster and five-cluster models were constructed using the K-means method, the suitability for clustering of which was checked using the Hopkins’ Index (H statistics). The developed four-cluster model demonstrated a significant level of validity in terms of correspondence between data and the stability of their structure. The basic indicators of financial and economic activity of charitable organizations were used as criteria for clustering: the number of staff, charitable assistance received and funds spent on the maintenance of the organization in the reporting period. It was found that the clusters of charitable organizations of Ukraine differ in the scale of activity, the number of funds raised, the number of costs for their own maintenance and the relationship between these indicators. The study demonstrated the existence in Ukraine of the most influential cluster of local charities that address social issues exclusively at the regional level, due to the small financial resources involved to support their activities. Such organizations are system-creating for the entire nonprofit sector in Ukraine, their importance is manifested in the most rapid response to the needs of recipients through the implementation of small charitable projects.

MAIN DRIVERS AND DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATION THAT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY

The article examines the current state of the food industry. Yes, the food industry is the leading production sector in Ukraine. In 2018, the volume of sales of food products, beverages and tobacco products amounted to UAH 585.2 billion, which is 19.4% of the total volume of industrial products (goods, services) sold. At the same time, the development of the food industry is not characterized by sustainability. The main drivers and directions of innovations that will contribute to the sustainable development of the food industry have been determined. It has been established that, taking into account the identified drivers and directions of innovation that will contribute to the sustainable development of the food industry in the field of food processing, and taking into account world experience and the identified prospects for the development of the EU food industry, the directions and tasks of introducing innovations in the food industry of Ukraine are proposed: new and better food products; resource-efficient production processes; integrated and transparent supply chains; increasing the innovative capacity of the food industry. Thus, translated into the role of technology, compliance and three business strategies can be reduced to the following drivers of investment in the food industry: compliance; operational excellence; new products / new technologies. It summarizes the possible areas of innovation for the food industry and the various technology options offered for improvement and implementation of innovative projects that can be initiated to promote stability in the country's food industry. Thus, it is possible to ensure competitiveness in the long term through the introduction of radical innovations, the introduction of new and better food products, resource-efficient production processes, integrated and transparent supply chains, as well as by increasing the innovative capacity of the food industry. To ensure the most efficient use of resources, research and development and innovation are implemented where they are expected to have the greatest impact. In practice, this means that industries only start R&D projects when they are closely related to the strategy and business drivers. Key words: food industry, processing industry, food processing, food safety, innovation drivers.

Trends in the development of crowdfunding in the domestic business environment

The article examines the interpretation of the economic essence of crowdfunding by various scholars, its features and foreign experience of application in financing ideas and projects in various spheres of socio-economic life. In the context of globalization the opening of new markets and opportunities, intensification of capital exchange processes, the use of innovative financial solutions can have a positive impact on national competitiveness and attract small businesses and individuals with innovative ideas but do not have sufficient financial resources for their development and implementation. It is described that crowdfunding is a fundraising tool that with the help of Internet technologies allows to receive investments in a short time from a large number of people to support small or medium business projects, while crowdfunding participants are: project authors, project donors, Internet workers and the state as a regulator of these relations. The main indicators that need to be analyzed if you want to use crowdfunding as a tool of alternative financing of self-organizing economic systems, in particular are: analysis of macroeconomic indicators in the country of its application; comparison of risks of economic development and introduction of crowdfunding; creation of state measures to stimulate the economy and ensure information and financial security at all levels of crowdfunding regulation. The main models of crowdfunding that are used in world practice are described: P2P (Peer-to-Peer) for financing of individuals and P2B (Peer-to-Business) for financing of small and medium business. The main advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding and the possibility of its application in different economies are considered. The advantages are the improvement of the project management process and increase of their efficiency through the establishment of feedback, the efficiency of which increases significantly due to the use of modern Internet technologies, which allows to transfer a significant part of project monitoring functions to investors. The disadvantage of crowdfunding is the impossibility of its application to large-scale projects that require large investments. The Strategy of the Development of the Financial Sector of Ukraine until 2025 has been studied, according to which it is envisaged to improve the regulation of the payment market infrastructure in accordance with EU standards and to create a large number of FinTech companies in Ukraine.

Enterprise Activity Modeling in Walnut Sector in Ukraine

The main goal of this study was to provide a critical analysis of the oil and fat sub-complex for deep walnut processing, to determine and compare the profitability of enterprises’ activities under different business models for implementation in the agro-food value chain. The latter was considered as an important factor for the development of the domestic market of walnuts and export opportunities. Business modeling of the enterprise activity in the oil and fat sub-complex for deep walnut processing was carried out. The stages of production and marketing activities of the enterprise from the garden planting or the purchase of the processed raw materials to the sale of the processed raw materials and products obtained from walnut processing depending on the chosen business model were considered. A comparative analysis of profitability of the enterprise activity and absolute values of income and profitability indicators under various business models of the enterprise activity were shown. The most cost-effective business-model entailed the combination of walnut production and its processing, which will provide profitability of up to 4640.32% in the 20th year of the project implementation. The results of the given study are intended for the agricultural enterprises of central region of Ukraine.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЧИННИКІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА РИНКОВУ ВАРТІСТЬ КОРПОРАЦІЙ: ПРИКЛАД УКРАЇНИ

Анотація. Капіталізація є важливим показником інвестиційної привабливості, прибутковості та стабільності підприємств у корпоративному секторі. У цьому контексті аналіз факторів, що впливають на ринкову капіталізацію підприємств, є важливим для управління корпоративними фінансами. Метою статті є визначення найважливіших факторів мікро- та макроекономічного середовища, що впливають на капіталізацію українських підприємств, на прикладі енергетичних підприємств шляхом кореляційно-регресійного аналізу і запропонувати шляхи вдосконалення корпоративного управління та алгоритмів прийняття врахування економічних факторів у стратегії зростання ринкової капіталізації. Розкрито взаємозв’язок між макроекономічними показниками розвитку України, фінансовим станом підприємств та їхньою ринковою капіталізацією на основі факторного та кореляційного аналізу. Побудовано математичну модель, яка показує вплив основних макроекономічних факторів і фінансового стану суб’єктів господарювання (підприємств енергетичного сектору України) на рівень їхньої ринкової капіталізації (п’ять прихованих факторів визначають рівень капіталізації підприємств на 93,8%). Запропоновано алгоритм визначення і врахування впливу економічного середовища на ринкову капіталізацію підприємств, що може поліпшити якість управління компаніями корпоративного сектору в контексті збільшення їхньої ринкової капіталізації. Розроблено пропозиції щодо необхідності розвитку системи коропративного управління в корпоративному секторі як запоруки зростання ринкової капіталізації. Зокрема, запропоновано функціональну модель коропративного управління. Використання моделі дозволить забезпечити формування ефективної стабільної та гнучкої організаційної структури управління, регулювати взаємодію між органами управління та акціонерами, дозволить сформувати належну корпоративну культуру та імідж компанії, а також забезпечить належний рівень фінансування підприємства, реалізацію ефективної дивідендної політики, якісне управління власністю та цінними паперами компанії, її фінансовими результатами, інвестиціями та ризиками. Ключові слова: капіталізація, корпоративне управління, ринкова вартість, математична модель, економічне середовище. Формул: 6; рис.: 4; табл.: 5; бібл.: 26.

MODELLING OF PROGNOSIS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Promoting renewables, in particular bioenergy, is vital to move Ukraine towards a low-carbon economy. Decision-makers might turn to bioenergy projections for developing their policies or investments. This paper presents statistical calculations and economic-mathematical modeling of the state of the bioenergy sector in Ukraine. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, correlations between different factors influencing biofuel production were investigated. Modeling of the forecast of biofuel production was done with the use of a multiple regression equation, which provides for the creation of a standard linear model. It enables predicting future development of renewable energy and bioenergy, highlighting and choosing the most appropriate factors to be stimulated by the government in order to achieve the goals of renewable energy development and energy security as a result.Keywords: Bioenergy, Renewables, Energy Security, Energy StrategyJEL Classifications: Q42, Q38, O13, P28DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11741

Modeling the Behavior of Banks in Instability Conditions

The analysis of models of activity of banking structures in the conditions of perfect and imperfect competition is carried out. Production functions for financial companies are considered. Models of the bank's work as an institution of delegated monitoring are described. Models of dynamics of financial resources are analyzed, allow to describe processes of evolution of own capital of bank depending on dynamics of the involved resources and the policy of accumulation realized by it. The considered models and methods are based on the definition of a bank (a financial company) as some abstract object, which is characterized by input and output parameters, as well as the function that connects them. This approach to some extent allows adapting traditional models of research of industrial enterprises and organizations to the analysis of the activities of banking structures. Therefore, one of the main tasks is to optimize internal functioning. Under such conditions, it is especially important to consider the bank as a holistic complex dynamic system operating in an unstable transition economy and the use of economic and mathematical methods and models to study the processes taking place in the bank, assess its effectiveness, identify areas and ways to improve management banking activities. Based on the analysis of the main economic and mathematical models of behavior of financial companies in a monopolistic market, we can conclude that each model characterizes a certain aspect of financial market development by the situation. Production functions for a bank (financial firm) are built, where the problem of classification of these factors into input and output is significant. A wide class of economic and mathematical models is considered, in which the activity of financial and banking institutions is treated as financial intermediaries. The theory of delegated monitoring is generalized, which in the general case assumes that in conditions when there is an effect of the growth of income from scale, individual lenders prefer to delegate functions of control (monitoring) of the behavior of entrepreneurs in whose projects they have invested to special intermediary firms. banks. The analysis of the development of the banking sector of Ukraine showed that a further gradual slowdown in its pace is expected due to changes in conditions in global financial markets and market saturation.

Morbidity analysis of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic (a literature review)

The aim of the work is to analyze and summarize the literature data regarding the morbidity of pharmacists in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the prospects for further research in this direction. Results. The catastrophic spread of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) across the planet has become a challenge to the resilience of healthcare systems around the world. Pharmacists, as part of the healthcare professional team, have a unique role in the ongoing global fight against the pandemic. At the same time they are directly influenced by adverse environmental factors. Based on the literature data integration, it was determined that pharmacists are exposed to psychological stress, they are susceptible to allergic, oncological diseases, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and to primary varicose veins of the lower extremities. In addition, when providing pharmaceutical care, pharmacists may be at a very high risk for COVID-19. A review of scientific professional literature over the past 5 years has shown the lack of targeted research concerning the structure and level of morbidity with temporary disability of pharmacists in Ukraine and in other countries of the world. This fact and previously conducted studies give grounds to assert that there are significant difficulties in providing, collecting, accumulating and analyzing indicators of morbidity with temporary disability of pharmacists in Ukraine both at the state level and at the level of individual pharmaceutical enterprises. Today, we need to develop a methodology for assessing the relationship between the morbidity of pharmacists and their working conditions, and to find fundamentally new approaches to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. This should result in improvement of the working conditions in the pharmaceutical sector and in the health care sector in Ukraine. Conclusions. Analysis and summary of literature data on the morbidity of pharmacists in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have revealed the need for further scientific research regarding the substantiation of factors affecting the structure and level of their incidence. The pandemic has created a need to develop scientifically based measures to increase the resilience of workers in the pharmaceutical health sector of Ukraine to the negative factors of the working environment impact on their life andhealth.

Smart Grid Technologies as a Concept of Innovative Energy Development: Initial Proposals for the Development of Ukraine

The formation of the concept of Smart Grid is associated with a number of issues, including theoretical and methodological. One of the main problems in forming such theory is to build its basis, the starting point for the development of which is the definition of Smart Grid as a systems of views concept on the future of power engineering, the principles of operation and technological basis of which undergoes significant changes compared to modern energy. The paper is aimed at reviewing and developing directions and approaches to the definition of Smart Grid in combination with machine learning mechanisms, highlighting their diverse and common nature to develop a holistic innovative energy development. In this paper, a study of the energy sector in Ukraine was conducted. Its efficiency and innovative development are considered. Problems with the implementation of Smart Grid technology, which arise when using alternative sources and monitoring and administration systems, were highlighted. The ways of mathematical formulation of the Smart Grid optimization problem are determined using the Data Science approach based on the machine learning system and neural networks. Big Data processing methods, Data Mining, statistical methods, artificial intelligence methods, and Machine Learning are analyzed. The design and development of databases and application software will be done using the Data Science method. Smart-technologies will take over the processes of control, accounting and diagnostics of assets, which will provide promising opportunities for self-recovery of the power system, as well as efficient operation of fixed assets. With the introduction of Smart Grid technologies for the Ukrainian power industry, significant fundamental changes will take place. This is the transition from centralized methods of generation and transmission of electricity to distributed networks with the ability to control energy production facilities and network topology at any point, including at the consumer level. Replacement of centralized demand forecasting according to the methodology of active consumer influence becomes an element and subject of the management system. A high-performance information and computing infrastructure will be built as the core of the energy system. This approach creates the preconditions for the widespread introduction of new devices that increase the maneuverability and controllability of the equipment. The creation of next-generation operational applications (SCADA/EMS/NMS) allows the use of innovative algorithms and methods of power system management, including its new active power elements.

Філософсько-релігійні повсякденні уявлення користувачів українського сегмента інтернету: спроба типізації

The article aims to identify the particularities of philosophical and religious thinking inherent in the social network audience of Ukraine. Discourse analysis was chosen as the primary method to analyse a set of posts in the form of quotes with accompanying visual components and comments to them that were posted on “Facebook” in 2020 on the pages of public groups “Ukraine is Free World”, “For Ukraine”, “Dialogue.UA” and private groups “Ukrainians Global Network”, “Ukraine is You”, “Ukraine Onlineツ. The author analysed a total of 630 posts with God’s obligatory explicit or implicit component (The Higher Power), which bring out the existential issues of life, raison d’être, human values. The meaning of life is increasingly prominent in the philosophical and religious discourse of the Ukrainian sector of social networks. The idea of the meaning of life is presented on two levels: ideological and social. At the worldview level, ideas about the meaning of life are concentrated in the systemic principle: “Freedom is worth dying for”. At the social level, ideas about the meaning of life are concretised in the following concepts: socio-demographic, aesthetic, religious, hedonistic, hygge, success. The next most common issue is a subject of love understood by the Ukrainian audience of social networks as a system of traits: an active position with the other, value-based principles of a code of conduct, the meaning-making basis for self-realisation, recognising and acceptation the humanity of others, orientation on vital activity, goodwill, and unity, overcoming loneliness, a mode of self-determination. The subjects of time, different issues related to dying and death are ranked last. The tendency of philosophical and religious thinking has shaped the Ukrainian sector of social networks. It has the following special features: 1) view of the world and personal choice of life strategies is based on first-hand knowledge; 2) absence of abstract, unrealistic considerations; 3) strong link with a particular socio-cultural context; 4) focus on solving problems related to anthropological dimensions of philosophising: man as a unique being, the place of man in the world and his role in the processes of being, freedom and responsibility, time as a characteristic of human.

Productivity of Short-Rotary Crop Cultivation under Different Systems of Basic Tillage in Organic Agriculture of the Steppe of Ukraine

Long-term reform of the agricultural sector in Ukraine is taking place under difficult economic and natural conditions. In modern agriculture, the most relevant ones are biologized measures and technologies for growing crops and resource- and energy-economic restoration of soil fertility. Studies of the impact of the system of basic tillage and the use of straw bio-decomposers and postharvest residues in organic farming were conducted in the most common and typical for the southern region of the steppe of Ukraine short- rotation crop cultivation with the following alternation of crops: peas – winter wheat – winter barley – ½ sunflower fields + ½ corn fields. During the years of the first cultivation, the experiment showed the advantages of a system of differentiated tillage, where even without the use of bio-decomposers, the highest yield of cereals was obtained – 3.64 tons/ha and sunflower – 2.20 tons/ha (check experiment). The application of the planar-free system combined with multi-depth and especially planar-free shallow soil processing, main tillage caused a decrease in grain yields by 0.11-0.39 tons/ha and sunflower by 0.28-0.42 tons/ha, respectively. With the use of bio-decomposers provided by brands Ecostern and Cellulad, yields’ growth is in the range of 0.13-0.25 t/ha or 4.5-8.7% for cereals and 0.10-0.23 t/ha or 5.4-12.4% for sunflower. The application of the Ecostern bio-decomposer 1.5 l/ha provided an increase in the yield from 1 ha of crop rotation area of grain, fodder, fodder-protein units and digestible protein on average in all systems of basic tillage by 4.7, respectively; 4.5; 4.3 and 5.4%, and with the introduction of Cellulad 2.0 l/ha, these figures increased by 9.5, respectively; 8.9; 8.6 and 10.8% compared to options without the introduction of bio-decomposers

Формування корпоративної соціальної відповідальності банківського сектору в період пандемії

Abstract. Introduction. In the context of the pandemic and as a result of the financial crisis, an increasing number of people began to urgently demand support from both the state and companies engaged in socially responsible activities. Enterprises, realizing their responsibility to the population, began to create new areas of activity related to corporate social responsibility in order to smooth out the negative impact of the pandemic on people's lives. Unfortunately, the increase in the level of corporate social responsibility in the context of the pandemic was uneven. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to examines the essence of Corporate Social Responsibility and its development in the banking sector of Ukraine during the pandemic. Results. The directions of corporate social responsibility of the banking sector of Ukraine is carried out is analyzed. The levels of responsibility in terms of banks attitude to the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility directions are presented on the basis of Carroll's model. Integration of Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives into the activities of banking institutions is defined. The role of the National Bank of Ukraine and other financial market regulators in overcoming the consequences of the financial crisis is defined. Conclusions. In these realities, the manifestation of corporate social responsibility on the part of banking institutions, firstly, showed the readiness or unwillingness of banks to adapt to important conditions, and secondly, the effectiveness and relevance of their Corporate Social Responsibility areas. The Corporate Social Responsibility Institute plays an important role in the corporate culture of banking institutions in the current situation, as it is this system that has shown the role of companies responsibility, both to stakeholders and to the entire community as a whole.

Simulation of the process stripping harvester for the collection of oilseed flax seeds

The article presents the main results of research on the development of a physical and mathematical model of the technological process of collecting flax seeds with a combing header and the justification of the range of its operating parameters based on software simulation and numerical modeling. The process of harvesting agricultural crops, including oil flax, is an important technological operation of their production in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The positive dynamics of the growth of oil flax production, which is due to the growing demand for seeds in the domestic and foreign markets, requires the intensification of harvesting equipment technological processes. The main reasons for restraining the production of oil flax are the imperfection of the equipment for harvesting and the inconsistency of the quality indicators of work with the established requirements. One of the directions for solving this problem is the technology of harvesting by stripping plants on the standing. Timely harvesting of oil flax seeds in optimal agrotechnical terms (plant condition, weather conditions, weediness, etc.) with minimal losses and contamination of the heap is one of the important scientific tasks of improving harvesting technology. Improving the efficiency of collecting oil flax seeds and, as a result, improving the quality of products requires new approaches to the development and implementation of technical means in progressive technologies. As a result of numerical modeling of the separation process of a heap in a combing header with a curvilinear casing shape, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of its components, the dependences of the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving its area (an indicator of the quality of cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and the fraction of seeds and capsules leaving with seeds (seed loss index) δs from the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 and the stripping drum n2, the position of the transparent zone of the boundary L and its width B. Solving the compromise problem, namely, maximizing the mass fraction of husk and stalk particles leaving the header area (quality indicator cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and minimizing the proportion of seeds and seed boxes leaving the header area (seed loss index) δs Obtained rational design and technological parameters of the combing type header with a curved casing: rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 = 782 rpm, combing drum rotation speed n2 = 671 rpm, transparent position zone of the boundaries L = 0.82 m and its width B = 0.45 m. In this case, the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving is δh = 42.4%, and the fraction of losses of seeds and capsules with seeds from the header area is in accordance with δs = 2.5%.

Структурні зрушення: вплив на продуктивність і зростання економіки України

The leading feature of the modern world has been the deep structural shifts caused by radical transformations of its industrial landscape. The corresponding transformations were caused by changes in the internal structure of national industrial sectors and were based on the technologies of the "fourth industrial revolution", whose emergence gave additional impetus to the structural transformation of the world economy, intensifying competition in global markets. The Covid crisis was a catalyst for accelerating changes in the intersectoral proportions of the world economy, complicating the existing structural problems. The study shows that the key feature of the model of structural changes that occurred in Ukraine's economy after the global financial crisis was the accelerated reduction of the industrial sector, especially the loss of potential of the processing industry, its technological simplification and narrowing the variety of industries. This was accompanied by increased dominance of the tertiary sector and the growth of the primary sector. Excessive share in the structure of production is occupied by industries, whose mode of reproduction is able to generate only relatively low rates of economic growth (mining and related industries of primary processing in industry and agriculture). Such a trend of structural shifts is not able to generate the necessary boost of economic growth, and much less so as it is burdened by the risks of deepening structural inconsistency of Ukraine’s economy with the cardinal changes taking place in the world economy. Comparison of parameters and trends of structural changes in Ukraine’s economy and in a comparable group of countries and the world as a whole shows that the changes in the structure of Ukraine’s economy were much higher, but did not create sufficient potential for sustainable economic growth. The author analyzes the gaps in labor productivity between economic activities and sectors of Ukraine’s economy, as well as changes in their dynamics, which leads to the conclusions about the relationship between the rates of technological development of different sectors of Ukraine’s economy and the gradual slowdown of the already imperfect technological development of this country’s industry with further loss of competitiveness. Estimated the degree of influence of such factors as investments and technological innovations, as well as shifts in the structure of employment on the increase of labor productivity in Ukraine’s economy. Using the apparatus of econometric modeling, the author evaluates the dependence of the dynamics of GDP growth on the change of the indices of the physical volume of GVA in the sectors of this country’s economy.

Peculiarities of formation of potential of telecommunications enterprises

The purpose of the article – to analyze the peculiarities of forming the potential of a telecommunication enterprise and to suggest ways to increase the efficiency of its use. Research methodology. In the process of preparation of the article the methods of analytical, statistical and financial analysis were used. A scientific novelty is the proposal to use effective indicators of economic efficiency of the enterprise, such as profitability, profitability, cost, return on resources, investment, etc. to assess the effectiveness of the formation and use of the potential of the telecommunications enterprise. Conclusions. 1. The study of trends in the formation of the potential of telecommunications enterprises in Ukraine has determined that the pace of its development corresponds to the basic principles and principles of the concept of economic development and strategy of information society development adopted in Ukraine. The development of the economy of telecommunications enterprises is facilitated at the state level by developing new legislation in the information and telecommunications technologies sector in Ukraine, discussing and adopting new strategies for digital transformation aimed at using big data, blockchain, cloud technologies, robotics and the Internet of Things. 2. It is determined that the potential of a telecommunications enterprise is a unity of organizational, technical and information capabilities that contribute to the preparation and adoption of management decisions and influence its development. Features of capacity building determine the following components that ensure its functioning: software and hardware; personnel; information (databases); organizational, marketing, technical, technological, etc. 3. The system of financial indicators for definition of efficiency of functioning of the formed potential of the telecommunication enterprise is offered. 4. To ensure the formation of a strong potential of the telecommunications company in the work identified a number of key measures, including the creation of information systems, ensuring its operation by special staff, information security, creating new digital products and services, e-commerce and digital marketing. business analytics and big data management, etc. Key words: telecommunication enterprises, capacity building, potential structure of telecommunication enterprise, evaluation indicators, state support.

Block of personal formation of the heads of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine indicators characteristics

Emphasis is placed on the issue of professional and personal development of the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine as a psychological component of staffing the security and defense sector of Ukraine. It is stressed that the basis of professional and personal development of the heads of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are activities and personality as basic categories reflected in the block of professional development and personal development block, and each block is identified in specific components and disclosed in relevant criteria. This article presents the second part of the study of professional and personal development of the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, namely the psychological characteristics of the block of personal development through the following components and relevant criteria: orientation - attractiveness of professional activity, direction of professional activity; capability- leadership tools, ability for management; character - individual psychological features, the attitude of the leader to himself; reflection - the mechanism of self-analysis of the manager, the vector of personal development. The study is based on the use of a number of methods of psychological diagnosis, with the help of which during 6 months of 2020 844 people were surveyed, including 385 managers and 459 employees of bodies and departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine who do not perform managerial functions. At the first stage of the study, the characteristics of indicators of professional and personal development of specialists of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine were determined. In the second stage, it was studied statistically significant differences in the characteristics of professional and personal development of managers compared to employees who do not perform managerial functions, for which the procedure of analysis of variance was used, namely one-way analysis of variance by the Fisher method. The Brown-Forsythe test was used to determine the equality of group variances. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the ANOVA command of the SPSS program. It is proved that the indicators of the components of professional and personal formation of the management differ from similar indicators of non-leaders of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in quality and content, in particular focus on management functions within professional activities. The obtained empirical data will contribute to the improvement of management theory and practice in the security and defense sector of Ukraine.

Personnel training for the security and defense sector as a prerequisite for ensuring the national security of Ukraine

It has been established that one of the necessary steps in the direction of ensuring national security and citizens’ protection of rights and freedoms is strengthening the institutional, defense and security capabilities of bodies belonging to the security and defense sector. In this regard, it has been argued that a necessary prerequisite for national security is to ensure quality training of specialists for the security and defense sector, which will be able to respond in a timely manner to various crises.
 The current state of such personnel training has been characterized. The range of problematic issues on the agenda of the security and defense sector in the direction of improving the efficiency of its operation and improving education has been identified. It has been established that due to the fact that training for security and defense sector bodies is carried out in higher education institutions with specific training conditions subordinated to the relevant central executive bodies, a situation of double subordination arises: these higher education institutions are simultaneously subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as they must comply with the requirements of the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. The attention has been focused on the discussion that arises in connection with such subordination. In this regard, it has been argued the need to develop a Concept of personnel training for the security and defense sector of Ukraine and outlined the range of issues that should be reflected in it.
 Emphasis has been placed on the need to update the approaches to personnel preparation for the security and defense sector through the introduction of an integrated education system for security and defense staff, within which the principles of specialization and individualization of the personnel training aimed at improving the professional level of specialists should be observed and the introduction of a qualitatively new culture of personnel safety based on the principles and standards of the European Union and NATO.
 It has been emphasized that special attention during training for the security and defense sector staff should be paid to the study of possible scenarios of internal and external threats to national security.
 It has been argued that to ensure quality personnel training for the security and defense sector, it is important to form a quality system of recruitment and staffing of security and defense forces with professional staff, updating approaches to the selection procedure (both professional and psychological, moral) of candidates for service in the security and defense sector; improving the quality of training of scientific personnel who have special knowledge, skills, abilities and methods necessary to solve problems related to the functioning of the security and defense sector; strengthening practical training, in particular conducting trainings focused on providing practical skills and abilities to resolve conflicts without the use of special tools and weapons; improving the quality and intensity of joint training of defense forces to conduct strategic actions.

HEALTH CARE AS A SYSTEM-CREATING ELEMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL: STRATEGIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT BY THE CASE OF UKRAINE

The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the process of the health care development as the system-creating factor of human capital. Methodology. This study combines economic and managerial analysis of healthcare and human capital. The background for this analysis is the data of the 2020 Human Capital Index in Ukraine and other developed and developing countries. The method of historical and logical analysis of the literature was used. The functional and structural analysis was used with purpose to research the main tools of human capital’s development. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis and their synthesis were used to study dynamics of human capital. Method of summarization was used to make conclusions and recommendations for improving human capital in developing countries. Works of scientists in the sphere of human capital were used as the informational basis for the conducted study. Findings. In the paper it was analyzed the Human Capital Index in Ukraine and its components from the period of 2010-2020. The problems of the development of Ukrainian healthcare sector as the system-creating element of human capital are viewed. Formation of a new model for organizing medical care based on the development of the four P’s model of medicine (predicting, prevention, personalization, participation) is considered as the main basis for developing effective healthcare sector in Ukraine. The authors of the article see the following key areas of necessary actions in Ukrainian healthcare sector: technological breakthrough, strengthening a healthy lifestyle, ensuring the availability of high-quality medical services, developing human resources, creating a system of effective drug provision, increasing the efficiency of financing. Practical implications. The results of this study form the methodological and practical basis for improvement of the state regulation system of Ukrainian healthcare as a system-creating element of human capital. The results of conducted research could be a framework for formation of effective healthcare system in Ukraine, ensuring its constant development. The main proposals could be used by the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine while working out the Concept of national healthcare system development, they should be taken into consideration by state and municipal Health Departments for implement them during the process of Ukrainian healthcare sphere’s reformation.

Lending in the agricultural sector of Ukraine: challenges and solutions

The promotion of efficient development of productive resources, specific geographic areas, and branches of the economy is the fundamental reference point of the financial and credit policy of the state. In particular, the agricultural sector has certain features of capital formation within the financial system of the state. This is reflected in the requirements and approaches to the development of financial policy by the state and in the corresponding mechanism for its implementation. Being an important tool within this mechanism, lending is aimed at ensuring the economic growth of the agricultural sector. State support facilitated the system of subsidizing loans by providing funds to reduce the cost of loans for farmers in Ukraine, thus encouraging increased productivity in the agricultural sector at the initial stage. However, gradually, this caused a debt agricultural economy that became dependent on the state and started negatively affecting the elimination of structural, intersectoral, and territorial disparities in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the article is relevant, with mentioned issues requiring immediate examination of state credit support to the agricultural sector as well as justification of financial and credit policy of the state with the view of mutually beneficial cooperation between banking institutions and Ukraine’s agricultural sector for stable and efficient development of the latter. The article analyzes the market of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. It also reveals the influence of bank lending on the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study identifies subjective factors considered as biggest сhallenges for lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The core problems of lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine are identified in our study, namely: increasing inflation risks; ineffectiveness of economic promotion programs, tightening of the NBU’s monetary policy, underdevelopment of the non-banking financial market, unfavorable conditions in the foreign financial markets. Measures are suggested to solve the problems of lending to the agricultural sector, the essence of which comes down to the development of partnership mechanisms between the state, agricultural enterprises, and banking institutions. А unified regulatory and methodological framework for lending secured by agricultural land should be established. The paper covers European land mortgage lending practices. In Ukraine, they might be adopted by directly raising public funds not only through an authorized state credit institution but also through private credit institutions operating in a market environment.