Sector In Kosovo Research Articles

The marketing promotion in the pharmacutical sector in Kosovo- case study

The paper addresses the issues that have to do with the use of marketing and give a general overview for the pharmaceutical industry, the main marketing concepts, identify the importance of marketing in promoting sales of pharmacy companies, understand which strands are used to promote sales and satisfy the needs of consumers in terms of improving their health. In addition, the paper elaborates the development of the pharmaceutical sector in Kosovo, the competition between pharmaceutical producers and distributors, the strategies that firms use to promote products and services, increase of quality of medicines, price reduction and other issues. The objective of the paper is to explain how pharmaceutical marketing is carried out by focusing more on the communication and romotional techniques used, to give an overview of the functioning of this sector and to identify the importance of promotion in promoting sales. The methodology used is based on comparative analysis through the use of primary and secondary sources. For analysis purposes, a structured questionnaire was prepared for pharmaceutical products, which was distributed physically to the pharmaceutical workers. Scientific literature, local and international official reports and other relevant sources were also used. The results and findings of the research show that promotion has a significant impact on promoting sales.

Assessment of climate change mitigation potential of the Kosovo energy and transport sector

The Energy and transport sector in Kosovo are the main emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) with a share of about 85% in total annual emissions. In energetic sector, 95-97% of emissions are associated with the electricity generation due to the predominant role of lignite fuelled power plants. The electricity sector contributes about 80% of total CO2 emissions in Kosovo. Those make the energy and transport sector the main emitters of CO2 and also the main target for CO2 emissions reduction. The National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 aims to ensure a reliable supply of energy for Kosovo and proposes targets for renewable, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reductions. This paper presents analyses of different time frame scenarios for development of the Kosovo energy system in relation to climate change mitigation potential of the Kosovo energy and transport sector. The national energy system of Kosovo is modelled using EnergyPLAN software which integrates energy for electricity, transport and heat, and includes hourly fluctuations of energy demand and energy production. Three scenarios of Kosovo Energy system are modelled; starting point scenario 2019 and two long term scenarios 2030 with 23.3% and 41.8% share of renewable. An analysis of the overall energy system costs and security of supply with a main focus in electricity sector of the three scenarios is performed.

Risk management during the covid 19 pandemic in the health, economy and education sector in Kosovo

Risk management during the covid 19 pandemic in the health, economy and education sector in Kosovo

An Analysis of The Economic Impact Potential of The Art Music Scene in Kosovo: Is It a Burden or An Additional Value for Society?

The art and music sector in Kosovo possesses considerable potential for growth and development. These institutions are essential in shaping Kosovo's cultural and economic environment by providing employment possibilities for composers, performers, and industry specialists, contributing to the expansion of the music industry, and aiding in post-conflict recovery. In recent years, Kosovo's music sector has undergone substantial growth and development, driven by technological advancements, globalization, and changing consumer preferences. This progress contrasts with the underdeveloped state of the sector in the past, a result of economic, social, and political factors that this paper will further discuss. Kosovo's music scene is characterized by a wide variety of genres, ranging from traditional folk music to modern styles including pop, rock, hip-hop, and electronic dance music (EDM). This diversified range of styles and influences caters to a broad spectrum of preferences and attracts listeners both within Kosovo and globally. The art music genre of the scene garners significant attention due to its growing popularity, diverse activities, extensive outreach, cultural enrichment, cultural diplomacy efforts, and possible economic influence. This study seeks to analyze the economic influence of the art music sector in Kosovo within the wider music business. It will conduct a thorough and systematic assessment of the sector's contributions to the country's economy, society, and cultural identity.

Why do Employees Prefer to Keep Silent? Is Fear of Managers and Management's Approach Causing Employees' Silence?

This study aims to identify why and under what circumstances employees prefer to remain silent. The qualitative method was used to understand the reasons for the employees' silence, for which in-depth interviews were conducted. In this paper, 20 employees of the private sector in Kosovo were interviewed. Of the employees who were interviewed, seven of them are from the production sector, five from the service sector, three from the private education sector, and five from the trade sector. The interview data determined codes and categories, which were analyzed using the content analysis method. The data provided by the interview participants were analyzed through the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program. Three categories with 21 codes mentioned in 263 cases were identified during data processing. The results show that the employees' fear of the managers and the management's approach is among the main reasons for the employees' silence. In addition, other reasons impacting employees' silence have been identified and presented in this paper.

Examining the impact of internal marketing strategies on employee-based brand equity benefits

PurposeThe primary purpose of this research is to conceptualise and validate the comprehensive framework for effectively measuring and managing employee-based brand equity (EBBE) benefits. The study endeavours to integrate professional and socio-emotional facets of employees' into the proposed model, lending it a more holistic approach.Design/methodology/approachThe study focusses on the banking sector in Kosovo, employing structural equation modelling to analyse data from a sample of 325 employees.FindingsBoth professional and socio-emotional perspectives significantly influenced brand knowledge, positively impacting EBBE benefits such as employee satisfaction, retention and positive word of mouth (WOM). These findings provide empirical support for the theoretical assumptions concerning the role of professional and socio-emotional perspectives in building EBBE.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, this research could bridge marketing and organisational behaviour theories by highlighting employees' role in building brand equity. Moreover, it might expand the social identity theory within an organisational context, emphasising employees' identification with the brand as a crucial element.Practical implicationsThe study offers practical implications for the banking industry and similar contexts, suggesting robust internal marketing strategies prioritising professional development and socio-emotional connectivity. Theoretically, this research could bridge marketing and organisational behaviour theories by highlighting employees' role in building brand equity. Moreover, it might expand the social identity theory within an organisational context, emphasising employees' identification with the brand as a crucial element.Originality/valueThe paper presents an original contribution to the field of brand equity research by proposing and validating a novel framework for EBBE that uniquely integrates both professional and socio-emotional dimensions of employees' experiences. This approach is particularly innovative within the context of the banking sector, offering new empirical insights.

The role of foreign direct investments in the developing of banking sector

The important factor of a stable economy undoubtedly remains foreign direct investment (FDI), which helps in the establishment and economic, social and overall development of a country. Corporations that decide to invest their capital abroad of the country of origin, obviously require the destination country to have an organizational economic viability and attractive and suitable legal space. Meanwhile, the factors that affect the size, structure, benefits, costs and role of the banking sector of FDI in the economy of Kosovo will be objects of analysis of this paper. In addition to these issues, we will present the real situation of FDI in general during the last years in Kosovo, the origin of the respective countries from which these investments come and their economic activity scope. For the writing of this paper, the method of secondary data analysis and comparative method were used. Mainly, we have used the publications of the Central Bank of Kosovo (CBK), such as Financial Stability Reports and Monthly Information Reports of the Financial System. In this paper, it is concluded that FDI makes the main contribution to the development of the banking sector in Kosovo as well as in developing countries.

The impact of accounting on business decision-making a case study of the hotel industry in Kosovo

This academic study examines the evolving hospitality sector in Kosovo to identify the significant impact of accounting on complex business decisions. By adopting a multifaceted approach that includes financial analysis, evaluation of financial reports and extensive interviews, it reveals how accounting serves not only as a regulatory tool but also as a strategic partner in pricing, investment and long-term planning. The report highlights the importance of accounting and reporting systems in increasing transparency, building investor confidence and managing risk in the hospitality sector in Kosovo. The findings contribute to improvements in accounting practices and a better understanding of the role of accounting in a dynamic business environment.

MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION CASE STUDY: VALA MOBILE COMPANY, KOSOVO

The aim of this study is to reveal the role of internal organizational communication in motivating employees in public service organizations. Data were collected from 249 surveyed employees, in the mobile telecommunications sector in Kosovo, specifically in the Vala mobile company. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS system. The study found that information sharing had the greatest effect on employee motivation, followed by employee involvement in decision-making. This paper can be useful for managers and heads to create an organizational culture that promotes both motivation and performance. This paper is unique as it examines the links between organizational communication, motivation, and performance.

The influence of internal factors on loan risk management - Case study commercial banks of Kosovo

The main purpose of this study is to empirically analyse key internal factors influencing loan risk management of Kosovo’s commercial banks. This research adopts parametric statistics and employs a multilinear regression model. The data used for the analysis covers 7 banks for the 12 years from 2008 to 2019. The dependent variable is credit risk measured by dividing total debt by total assets. The independent variables are the size of the bank, the ratio of non-performing loans, the capital adequacy ratio, the debt-to-capital ratio, and asset management. The hypotheses raised in this research were tested through the SPSS software package using quantitative methodology. The results obtained through multiple linear regressions have shown that credit risk is positively correlated and statistically significant with non-performing loans and debt-to-equity ratio and statistically significant and negatively correlated with bank size, capital adequacy, and asset management. Considering our results, it can be considered that Kosovo’s commercial banks have performed very well so far by assessing internal factors that impact credit risk. The findings of this research have direct practical implications for the banking sector in Kosovo regarding the credit risk management approach because it can be used further to enhance the effectiveness of using proper mechanisms and regulations to minimize credit risk exposure.

Consequences of Public Sector Employees’ CSR Perceptions in a Developing Country: Organizational Benefits and Beyond

This study contributes to the growing literature related to demands for social responsibility in the public sector in a developing country context. We report on a qualitative and a quantitative study conducted in the public sector in Kosovo to investigate, first, whether public sector organizations strive for CSR engagement, and second, whether and how employees’ perceptions of their employers’ CSR engagement affect various employee outcomes. The results of the qualitative content analysis of the mission statements of 20 public sector organizations in terms of CSR-related information they contain show that the public sector organizations have included both internal and external CSR elements in their mission statements. The quantitative study uses survey data collected from 126 employees in public sector organizations in Kosovo. The findings support the serial mediation of organizational trust and job satisfaction on the negative relationship between employees’ perceptions of internal and external CSR and intention to emigrate. From a practical perspective, the findings encourage public sector organizations to increase their CSR engagement to achieve positive employee outcomes, both in relation to their own organization and beyond.

Public health in Kosovo after five difficult years of independence

Kosovo is undergoing a rapid process of transformation to an independent state,which was formally proclaimed in 2008, after almost a decade under United Nationsadministration. Regarding the health status, five years after independence, compared with other European countries, post-war transitional Kosovo is still characterized by higher mortality rates including traditional public health problems pertinent to infant mortality and maternal deaths. In parallel, however, Kosovo is undergoing a rapid process of epidemiological transition characterized by an aging trend which is inevitably coupled with high cardiovascular and cancer mortality and morbidity along with an excess mortality in external causes of death and injuries among the adult population. Adoption of the new Health Law in December 2012 by the Kosovo Assembly aims the transition from centralized health care system established under emergency conditions of the post-war period towards a contemporary modern health care system with a clear purchaser-provider split based on a high transparency and accountability of the health care providers and their contractors. The health care reform, leading eventually to significant changes within the health sector in Kosovo, consists of two main pillars: (i) structural and functional reorganization of the health care system through establishment of Kosovo Health Service (an autonomous and non-for-profit public enterprise at central level of the health care sector), and; (ii) establishment for the first time of the public health insurance system with a Health Insurance Fund as its main body. Nevertheless, five years after declaration of independence, Kosovo, the newest state in Europe consisting of the youngest population, is currently facing a particularly difficult socioeconomic and political transition and is additionally struggling and mainstreaming all energies and efforts in order to get full international recognition.

Financial efficiency of companies operating in the Kosovo food sector: DEA and DEAHP

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluates a large number of input and output variables using mathematical programming techniques and analyzes the effectiveness of similar decision making units (DMU). Unlike traditional methods, the most important advantage of DEA is that the weights of input and output variables can be defined by the analyzer. In this study, the limitations of the DEA weights were determined using the AHP, which considers expert opinion. In addition, an alternative judgment scale was used for the Saaty judgment scale, which is used as a standard in the AHP method, and thus a more sensitive analysis was performed. There have been studies dealing with the comparison of judgment scales, but few studies on consistency sensitivity are needed. This point has also been addressed in this study. Subsequently, the financial efficiency of 27 companies operating in the food sector in Kosovo was evaluated with the weight-restricted DEA model, first created using the unweighted DEA model and then the AHP model, and the two models were compared. This paper is the first one of its kind since there are no previous studies regarding the examination of the financial efficiency of companies operating in the Kosovo food sector based on the DEAHP method.

Communication channels consumption across awareness building, information search and school choice - perspectives from the VET sector in Kosovo

This study aims at understanding the channels through which the students have become aware, the channels which they used to search for information on the schools and the key factor that pushed them to apply for a given school. Through a primary data research with n=788 respondents which are currently enrolled in VET across eight schools in Kosovo, the study has identified a critical importance of the word-of-mouth through family & relatives and friends on generating awareness for a given school and to share information on the school offering. As critical elements to take the decision to apply for the school has been considered the applicants visit directly to the school to get informed more on the offering and the desire to get equipped with the given qualification the school offers. It is important to note the impact that parents have across all the levels from brand awareness development to information search and decision making. The study provides pragmatic recommendations to school management on better optimizing their marketing efforts from a communication channel perspective, such as the importance of the open-days events of school and the usage of the social media channels (especially Facebook) to communicate their offering.

Analysis of the Banking Sector Competition in Kosovo

Abstract This research paper aims to investigate the competition in the banking sector in Kosovo. For the research purpose, the secondary data from the Central Bank and commercial banks of Kosovo are used. Besides, the comparison methodology is used to analyse the banking sector for the years 2013-2017. The participation of commercial banks in the banking sector in Kosovo was compared and described, and the competitiveness of the banking sector was measured, using the HHI index and Concentration Ratio (CR4). Based on the research results, we can conclude that the competitiveness in 2017 was at a moderate level, in 2016 at a low level. Whereas, in the previous years, there was no real competition in this sector.

Tourism in Kosovo at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic

Today tourism is under the influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Which is one of the most important economic activities in the country. Today, tourism has experienced a decline in the economic development of the country. Today, its development is experiencing difficulties in its functioning with a large decline in tourist demand and a greater increase in job losses for all those working in this sector in Kosovo. From this many businesses feel Insecure about the development of activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The spread of the pandemic has permeated every corner of life, so tourism and hospitality have been damaged by this global economic crisis that has engulfed Kosovo. Based on the situation created, a large number of tourism enterprises have not to function properly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism and hospitality are among the most important activities for the economic development of Kosovo. the development of tourism activities represents a decrease in income if compared to the previous period before the pandemic. The decrease in tourists has led to the deterioration of the situation and economic development of Kosovo. According to the current situation, tourism businesses require support to overcome the crisis in which they are.

Government and innovation performance: evidence from the ICT enterprising community

Purpose The purpose of this paper will be on finding and analyzing the impact of government on the information and communication technology (ICT) companies’ innovation performance. The study aims to conduct in-depth research about the government as an integrated actor of the innovation ecosystem (IE), not a sole member. This would be the core finding toward doing further research about the impact of the innovation ecosystem in the ICT sector in Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research has been considered the most suitable data collection method. Furthermore, in this study, it is used convenience sampling as a technique of the sampling process. The sample size of this study is 106 participants. The participants are owners or representatives of ICT companies in Kosovo. Since the study is conducted using the deductive approach, the questionnaire is considered to be the most suitable instrument for gathering data. Findings This paper provides empirical insights that the company’s size and the dedicated department for research and development have no impact on how the company takes advantage of public funding from the government. Furthermore, the authors of the paper found out that government has a positive impact on companies’ introduction of new products and services, while the impact of the government on a company’s financial performance was insignificant. Research limitations/implications The future research direction should be firstly on studying other IE actors and their impact on companies’ innovation performance and secondly on measuring the IE actors as a set of actors to have a broader picture on how IE impacts the companies’ innovation performance. Practical implications The scientific contribution of this study will be on mapping, analyzing and proposing government policies in accordance with the findings of this study that would lead to a more comprehensive and sustainable IE in Kosovo. Originality/value This study tries to fulfill an identified need to study the impact of interconnected actors of an innovation ecosystem and to show how they affect each other. In this study, it is taken for research one fragment of a set of actors.

Identification and Measures to Eliminate Delays in the Construction Sector in Kosovo

Since 1999, the Construction sector in Kosovo has followed a great development and is considered an important sector of economic development, where we now have more than 3400 Construction companies operating in Kosovo. In the construction sector in Kosovo, whether in the public or private sector, there are delays and non-compliance with the dynamic plans approved in the implementation of contracted projects. Delays in implementing various projects directly affect the Kosovo economy in general. During this research are analyzed 128 questionnaires realized by various construction companies that operate in different municipalities of Kosovo and carry out various construction works.

Women in the ICT sector in Kosovo - barriers and opportunities

Information and communication technology, as a big discovery, is a tool that has affected the entire society by giving access to huge quantities of information. As a result, the ICT industry is considered an important factor for economic development in the knowledge society. Moreover, ICT has an important impact on gender equality and women empowerment. This paper shows an overview of barriers and opportunities by analysing the survey that we conducted with 105 Kosovar females respondents from the ICT industry. The findings from the survey show that women in the ICT industry in Kosovo face barriers based on gender discrimination. On the other hand, the opportunities that we generated from the survey let to know that ICT can provide the economic and social empowerment of women, and this should be a message for ICT companies, government, and society.

Women in the ICT sector in Kosovo - barriers and opportunities

Women in the ICT sector in Kosovo - barriers and opportunities