Sector In Kosovo Research Articles

The impact of the insurance market on economic growth: Evidence from developing countries

The purpose of this study is to understand the development and role of the insurance industry in the development of the economic and financial systems in developing countries with a special emphasis on Kosovo. It is the continuation of the preliminary works where for the empirical analysis, secondary data from the relevant institution and the survey were conducted. The survey was conducted with financial managers from all insurance companies in Kosovo. The analysis shows that the insurance industry has an important role in the development of financial markets and therefore has a positive impact on the development of countries. Also, the analysis of the case of the Balkan countries shows that the factors related to the macroeconomic and financial sectors are important drivers for the future development of the insurance industry. It is worth asking: What role does insurance play in economic development? Where, according to the studies by Arena (2008) and Haiss and Sümegi (2008), and also from this research there is ample evidence that insurance contributes significantly to economic development by improving the investment climate and promoting a range of activities. The analysis in Kosovo shows that the insurance market gross written premiums have a positive linkage with the GDP growth of Kosovo. Even though the impact is small, it can increase with the potential growth of the insurance sector in Kosovo.

State of organic production in Kosovo and Metohija: Great perspective or idea without the future

The resource potential of the agricultural sector in Kosovo and Metohija is not sufficiently used, but there is certainly a need for agricultural production, as one of the primary activities, in places inhabited by non-Albanians. The aim of this paper is to analyze the development and potential of organic production in Kosovo and Metohija. For the purposes of this paper, an original questionnaire was formulated, based on when a direct survey conducted in July and August 2021 was conducted. Also, the owner of the only agricultural cooperative "Zubin Potok" in this area, was interviewed. The research showed that a more than thirty/four percent (34,7%) of respondents answered that they plan to expand production, good part of the respondents (23,3%) pointed out that they are interested in a some kind of education if it would be organized by professionals, while more than 90% of respondents involved in organic production said it would mean some form of subsidy or local or international aid. The authors point out that for the development of organic production in Kosovo and Metohija, it is necessary to provide financial support to farms, but also to build a stable market of organic products, which would contribute to the stability and competitiveness of this food production system.

Internal Audit in The Public Sector in Kosovo: Promoting Good Governance and Improving Performance

Internal Audit in The Public Sector in Kosovo: Promoting Good Governance and Improving Performance

Determinants of bank’s net interest margins in Kosovo

The aim of this paper is to investigate internal and external determinants that impact the Net Interest Margin (NIM). The paper employs an OLS-PSCE procedure using quarterly Panel Data (From March 2013 to December 2019) for commercial banks in Kosovo. Results suggest that the Net Interest Margin is the banking sector in Kosovo is mostly influenced by factors within the bank such as: Loan-to-Deposit Ratio; Operation Costs and Fee Income, but less affected by external factors besides inflation. In addition, results suggest that external factors do not influence the net interest margin; therefore, a governmental policy intervention might not have an impact on Net Interest Margin. The results of the research are important for commercial banks in Kosovo, since they can help improve the efficiency through the internal and external indicators that are impacting the NIM.

The Role of Diversity in Company Productivity: The Case of the Bank Sector in Kosovo

Importance to identifying how diversity affects individual and group productivity in todays globalized world is increasing. The purpose of this research lies in the phenomenon of diversity and further analysis of the impact that diversity has on the work environment. To conduct this research, I interviewed 20 managers and 30 employees of the banking sector regarding the composition of their staff with emphasis on diversity. The data were processed using the statistical analysis of SPSS program. Human resources have positively influenced the increase of success, productivity and has eased problem solving, bettered performance, training, salary, and diversity of employees. This study will have practical significance in the easier approach of problems in human resource management and their motivation.

Importance of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Kosovo’s Banking Sector

This study identifies and assesses the impact and effect of corporate governance (CG), as a good practice mechanism, as well as some specific financial indicators on the performance of the banking sector in Kosovo. The data used in the research are defined as secondary data that include nine (9) commercial banks and cover the period 2013–2020. The analysis applied to data processing is the dynamic approach through 2SLS estimation for the dependent variables ROA, ROE, and NIM. The results obtained at the end of the study show that all variables applied in this research, depending on the variable defined for evaluation, have a significant impact on the performance of the banking sector. The results also show that the most adequate measure for assessing a bank’s performance is the net interest margin (NIM). This research paves the way for debate and discussion on the governing structures of financial institutions and policymakers.

The right to translation and interpreting into and from Albanian as a reflection of fundamental civil rights in Kosovo between 1912 and 1999

Through the analysis of official legal documentation, this paper presents a historical overview of the development of laws and practices regarding language policies in Socialist Yugoslavia, and the use of the Albanian language in education and in the security sector in Kosovo with special emphasis on translation and interpreting. The results of the analysis show that in the 1970s socialist Yugoslav laws governing the equality of languages in a multilingual state, as codified in the constitution and other administrative and legal documents, were quite progressive on paper but did not entirely translate into political and linguistic equality in practice, but that they, nevertheless, resulted in the increased trust in the formal Kosovo governing institutions; and that the abolishment of translation and linguistic rights accompanied by the abandonment of other fundamental civil rights at the end of the 20th century eventually strengthened the ethnic tensions and divisions in the region. The article concludes that translation and interpreting represent key activities supporting the implementation of linguistic rights and trust in the legal system, and that linguistic rights are effective only if they are supported with other fundamental civil rights, such as the right to education and political participation.

The importance and challenges of the implementation of IPSAS accrual basis to the public sector: The case of Kosovo

This paper aims to determine the importance and challenges of the reform and transition towards the International Public Sector Accounting Standards’ (IPSASs’) accrual accounting and its implementation in the public sector in Kosovo. A survey obtained primary data from a considerable representative sample of officials from budget organizations and institutions and members of publicly owned enterprises (POEs) and professional societies. The study analyzed the collected data using descriptive statistics, correlation and the Chi-Square and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The reform contributes significantly to a better decision-making process and the use of public funds. It reflects the true long-term implications of policy decisions and therefore helps governments demonstrate accountability in the use of public funds. Despite the identified challenges, the study justifies the suggested reform in Kosovo. The findings emphasize its importance for improving accountability, transparency and financial management and building public confidence in information and the country’s macro-fiscal sustainability position.

Challenges in mining legislation and regulatory setup-evidence from Kosovo

Mining sector in Kosovo is of crucial importance for the economic development of the country. Since 1999, it has been considered as one of the main areas that would attract foreign investments and thus improve the economy of a young country emerging from the conflict of 1998–1999. Kosovo has in place legal and institutional framework for mining sector since 2005 but still the functionality and effectiveness remains questionable. The complex nature of the mining sector consequently involves many different laws and institutions followed by few challenges in this sector since 1999. The purpose of this paper is to outline the existing legal and institutional framework of the mining sector, focusing on the challenges involving both gaps in legislation and the implementation. The paper aims to conclude that legislative changes and improvements may be required to enable more efficient functioning of the mining sector which would have a positive impact in the attraction of foreign investments.

Impact of Investment, Trade and Income per Capita on the Growth of the Manufacturing in Kosovo

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FGI), Domestic Investment (DI), Trade (T), and Income per Capita (GDPpc) on the Growth rate (GR) of the manufacturing sector in Kosovo. Methodology: Descriptive statistical analysis, Spearman's rho correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, Likelihood Ratio Tests that include the Chi-Square test were used to validate the research hypothesis. The data were obtained from the World Bank covering the period 2004-2018, the data processing is done with the SPSS-21 software package. Findings: The results found a positive impact of domestic investments in the manufacturing sector. Whereas, Foreign Direct Investment has a negative impact on the manufacturing sector as a result of the low reinvestment of foreign investors in this sector. Whereas, the trade coefficient is statistically significant and negative as a result of the dominance of imports of products and services and low productivity. The per capita income ratio is statistically significant and negative because of the low level of per capita income which reduces the demand for products of the manufacturing sector by increasing the demand for cheaper imported goods. Practical implications: The results are clear imposing a strong message to policymakers to prioritize macro-fiscal policies that drive increased output, increased exports, and employment. Originality: This paper highlights an empirical analysis based on real data obtained from the World Bank Indicator for Kosovo with previously unexplained variables.

Part Two: Insurance Sector Development And Its Effect On The Financial Markets In Developing Countries: The Case Of Kosovo

The purpose of this study is to identify the connection between the insurance market and the financial markets. More specifically to analyze the nature of insurance companies and their direct role in the economic and financial system development. This market study aims to analyze the insurance system in Kosovo by defining and analyzing its structure, the degree of concentration of insurance companies on the insurance market, their behavior towards price, number of participants, companies operating in this market, and types of products and services they provide. This paper (part two of the study) will present the secondary data from Central Bank of Kosovo, Insurance Companies, and Insurance Association of Kosovo. The analysis are performed on quantitative and qualitative data through applying theories on insurance market development in other countries. It is imported to identify the factors because it enables insurance companies to design policies that tackle the demands of consumers for voluntary insurance policies and at the same time to contribute to financial stability of Kosovo’s economy. The study aims to conclude on the main research question: Does Insurance Development affect the Financial Markets in developing countries? The expected outcome is that the insurance sector in Kosovo is an important factor for the further development of the financial system.

The Innovations and Entrepreneurship – Evidence from Kosovo’s SME Sector

The purpose of this research is to study the implication of R&D and Innovation in Entrepreneurship with particular meaning in the SME sector in Kosovo. The research is grounded on a review of the literature in this area and R&D applies and innovation actions of the SME development sector. This paper practices a variety of research methods to explore the development of Kosovo SMEs. In this research, we used a sample of BSCK (Business Support Centre Kosovo) last research, which tells us that most SME managers agreed that a number of activities undertaken are the result of efforts to apply R&D, or innovation occurs within the SME growth orientation. The results of the paper suggest that enterprise success and SME development are conditioned by SME ownership, financial sector conditions, internal and external business environments, and access to regional markets. The paper will also support most aspects of managers' needs to achieve business performance, as well as decision-makers at different levels in developing SME development procedures and regulations.

Efficiency and Sustainability Questions of the Agricultural Production in Kosovo

Abstract The paper focuses on comparing the economic features of the EU-28 and agricultural industry of Kosovo and also economic and agricultural conditions with some neighbouring countries based on the statistical analyses in the period of 2012 and 2016. Generally, it can be declared that in Kosovo the employment in agriculture is at a very highly level accompanied with less developed machinery level, in spite of the inflation rate at a low level with high portion of the agricultural land of total land area compared to the cases of other neighbouring countries. The international competitiveness of farmers needs for developing the mechanization is accompanied with increasing subsidies for farmers. The lack of capital, less educated and skilled employees in agricultural industry result into some economic difficulties for the further prosperity of the sector in Kosovo. The possible solutions for the agricultural industry in Kosovo are developing the mechanization, common selling-purchasing of farmers, more activities in agricultural services, secondary activities, increasing the subsidies for farmers, attracting farmers for food manufacturing industries, extending the agricultural advisory network and creation of better credit conditions for farmers.

Determinants of Credit Risk in Commercial Banks of Kosovo

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze some of the determinants of credit risk in commercial banks in Kosovo through the use of regression analysis for a dataset covering a time series of 7 years (2012 - 2018). Design/Methodology/Approach: The data have been collected from publications of Central Bank of Kosovo and from Kosovo Agency of Statistics The data have been analyzed on quarterly basis. In order to conduct the empirical part of the study that gives us the answer to the relationship between credit risk and the determinants of this risk, we analyzed 6 variables in the study. To perform the necessary analysis we have used the statistical software SPSS 23. Through the regression analysis, the main findings and results of the study were generated. Findings: After analyzing the necessary data, the paper concludes that, among credit risk determinants, interest rates on loans and profitability of banks (ROA) have the largest and most significant impact on credit risk, namely non-performing loans as the credit risk measure. Practical implications: For researchers and academics, the study provides a useful basis on which further studies on credit risk and the factors that cause this risk can be conducted. Originality/Value: The research paper is based on recent studies that assess credit risk in other countries and use reliable data on the banking sector in Kosovo.

Public financing in healthcare-The case of Kosovo in theory and practice

The man by nature tries and develops his activity for a better, richer and happier life, which in its essence means fulfilling diversified material, spiritual and cultural needs. Government, social-political communities or public legal entities, contemporary entities and institutions with forms of organization, with mechanism, and their instruments based on laws, must offer an organized life and opportunities for fulfilling general and common needs. Up to date, theoretical and practical knowledge shows that basic needs (security, education, healthcare, protection, jurisprudence, etc.) can be fulfilled more easily, faster, and more successfully, more rationally and continually, with higher quantity and quality with better and fairer organizing of the state and of the public legal entities of the institutions that respond to requests on realization of the new social and economic order of the world. The healthcare sector in Kosovo is financed mainly on income taxes, taxes, and co-payments, whereas out-of-pocket private payments are very high and include about 40% of costs for healthcare services. The budget for healthcare allocated by the government in the year 2015 was in total 163,760,703 million €, whereas the participation of budget for healthcare out of Kosovo’s total budget is 9.73., and 2,79% of GLP, that provided 90.72 € per citizen within one year! PHC is financed through transfers from the central budget to municipalities on specific grant form, on the amount 42,085,036 € that includes 28 % of the budget provided for healthcare. SHC and THC are financed by the Ministry, and it includes over 72% of the budget provided for healthcare. (PHC-primary healthcare, SHC-secondary healthcare, THC- tertiary healthcare).

Founders' Education and SME Performance in Kosovo

This research deals with the professional preparation of the founders of the SME sector in Kosovo, and also aims to present the state of abilities and skills of the founders of SMEs. Also of interest in this research is the analysis of the skills of managers, founders of SMEs, what is their perception regarding the reflection of education in the SME business, namely what is their performance which should be reflected in the success and development of SMEs. The paper therefore aims to analyze the education and reflection of this education on the success of SMEs. Economic and social development in Kosovo, and elsewhere, depends on the success of SME owners and managers. This management structure will be able to move SMEs forward if they have an important factor such as education and experience in the sector where the SME operates. This paper explores the professional background of the founders, the size of the business structure, the experience of the founders in the field where the SME was founded, the age at the time of its establishment, the impact of technology.

The Assessment of Three Measures (101, 103, 302) Under the National Plan of Agriculture and Rural Development of Kosovo

Summary Subject and purpose of work: Agriculture has historically been an important sector in Kosovo’s economy however the biggest challenges are migration, land fragmentation, and access to market and finance. Support from the Government of Kosovo for the agriculture and rural development sector is based on the ARDP 2007-13 and includes direct support measures that strongly correspond to Pillar I measures under CAP and rural development support measures similar to CAP Pillar II. The objective of this paper is to assess three measures (101,103,302) under the national plan of agriculture and rural development of Kosovo. Materials and methods: Measure 101, “Investments in Physical Assets in Agricultural Holdings” fruit sector, grape sector. Measure 103, “Investments in physical assets concerning the processing and marketing of agricultural and fishery products”. Measure 302, “Farm Diversification and Business Development”. Results: Results showed support is increased which directly affected new job creation however this should continue with increasing the budget as these measures affect the rural economy directly by creating jobs contributing to sustainable agriculture and reducing migration. Conclusions: The most important measure in terms of budget allocation and number of projects implemented was Measure 101. The largest number of beneficiaries from measure 101 originated from the Prizren and Prishtine Region.

Insurance Sector Development and its Effect on the Financial Markets in Developing Countries: The Case of Kosovo

The purpose of this paper is to extract the important factors in the nature of insurance companies and their direct role in the economic and financial system development. This market study aims to analyse the insurance system in Kosovo by determining and then analysing its structure, the degree of concentration of insurance companies on the insurance market, their behaviour towards price, number of participants, companies operating in this market and types of products and services they provide. Our analysis are gathered on statistical and qualitative data through the study of the theories on insurance market development in other countries. Furthermore, for the empirical analysis, we used secondary data from Central Bank of Kosovo, Insurance Companies and Association Insurance of Kosovo. Also, we conducted two surveys. First, we conducted a survey with finance managers from all insurance companies and secondary survey was in general, for people who work. This way we tried to get a better understanding of the issue at hand. The identification of these factors would enable insurance companies to design policies that tackle the demands of consumers for voluntary insurance policies and at the same time to contribute to financial stability of Kosovo’s economy. At the end we have to come out with conclusions on the main research question: Does Insurance Development affect the Financial Markets in developing countries? The expected outcome is that the insurance sector in Kosovo is an important factor for the further development of the financial system.

The role of international organizations in the development of security sector in Kosovo: Advantages and constrains

Pursuant to UNSC Resolution 1244, following the war and the NATO bombing campaign, Kosovo was placed under an international administration, by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). After the end of the war, the course of the security policies in Kosovo was directed mainly by international actors. Basically, the security sector was non-existent, whereas the international military and civilian presence was responsible for the security of Kosovo’s borders and the protection of public order. The responsibility for security thus belonged to the international community and was progressively transferred to the Kosovo security institutions. While in the beginning, the takeover of security by the international community was a necessity in order to provide peace and stability, the prolongation of the delegation of ownership to local institutions created disadvantages in terms of timely and professional development. During international administration, the undefined political status of Kosovo influenced the security sector as an area reserved for the international community.

Web System for Online and Onsite Usage of Geoinformation by Surveying Sector in Kosovo. Case Study: Ferizaj Municipality

The purpose of research to determine and contribute in more efficient services to geoinformation stakeholders, as well as to give positive impact on increasing income in geo business sector, voluntary based web system for online usage of geoinformation in Kosovo has been developed. The method used was puting in to one place many sourcec via WMS and WFS services, by creating thematic SDI, in order to have online system with dynamic data comming from official databases with update from last day on 5 pm. System is open for usage by all interested parts, however official registration is required. It contains geoinformation from many databases such as cadastral, orthophoto, municipal, and basemaps from open layers. The results show that the system is extendable and it is permanently including new datasets based on the user requirements. All available data is linked via web services, which gives an opportunity to users to use the updated version of datasets as they are published by responsible institution via www (world wide web).
 Keywords: web map, geoportal, geoinformation, web services, Kosovo
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