Government Sector Research Articles

The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates in the USA.

Mandatory vaccination for COVID-19 has received intense political and ethical debates, while the literature on the causal effects of vaccination mandates on vaccination outcomes is very limited. In this study, we examine the effects of the announcement of vaccine mandates (VMs) for workers working in three sectors, including health, education, and state governments, on the uptake of first-dose and second-dose vaccination across 50 states in the United States of America. We show that VM announcements have heterogeneous effects; hence, standard two-way fixed effects and difference-in-differences estimators are biased. We present evidence for the heterogeneous treatment effects in single and two-treatment settings. In the setting of a single treatment, when treating all VM announcements equally, our results show that VM announcement was associated with an increase of 20.6% first-dose uptake from 1 July to 31 August 2021. In two-treatment settings, our results suggest that VM announcements for workers in health or state government sectors have significant causal effects on first-dose vaccination. Additionally, VM announcements do not have significant causal effects on second-dose uptake. Our results are robust to the choice of differing outcome variables and periods after controlling for state-level covariates, including COVID-19 death, unemployment, and cumulative two-dose vaccination.

Analyze Critical Success Factors in Managing Data Silos to Prevent Poor Data Quality with a Case Study Research Approach

In the context of data silo management in the government sector, Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in data quality are becoming increasingly important, especially for government agencies. Government organizations often face specific challenges in managing data silos in a report due to the complexity of their organizational structure and the large amount of report data that needs to be managed. This research aims to identify, analyze, and understand the relationship between Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in data quality to manage data and prevent data silos in organizations or agencies in report generation using work system theory and provide recommendations for developing strategies to improve data quality in reports. Through a qualitative approach, this research will explore the strategies and practices implemented by government agencies in identifying, preventing, and addressing data silos in reports. For the research methodology, it includes internal surveys with interviews of operators in the government agency. The evaluation results are expected to provide a positive contribution to public services, in the management of report data in the digital era, provide improvements in case of anomalies and deficiencies, and provide a deep understanding related to report generation in a relevant organization or agency.

Impact of national development programs and legislations on the cereal crops seed sector in Iraq

Agriculture is a crucial economic sector in Iraq, benefiting from abundant natural resources, skilled labor and essential infrastructure. These elements have enabled the sector to play a significant role in agricultural development, particularly in the production of strategic crops. Between 2010 and 2020, the Iraqi government implemented various policies and legislation aimed at advancing the seed sector. These efforts focused on supporting and developing seed-producing entities across governmental, mixed and private sectors, positioning them as essential instruments for executing the strategies of the government. Modern agricultural technologies, especially improved seeds, have been vital in boosting productivity and reducing costs. Therefore, the government has prioritized the adoption of advanced technologies within its agricultural policies and programs. These scientific innovations, particularly in seed production, are key to enhancing the cultivation of strategic crops. Improved seeds have thus become a cornerstone of Iraq’s agricultural development, contributing to both increased productivity and sustainable farming practices. This research aims to clarify the role of national development programs and legislation in strengthening the seed sector and increasing the production of strategic crops in Iraq. It reviews the progress in grain crop production between 2006 and 2020 and examines the most significant aspects of government policies, highlighting how legislation and national programs have played a pivotal role in the production of higher-grade seeds and the development of strategic crop cultivation.

The role of innovative entrepreneurship and emerging technologies in South Africa's Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises

Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) are crucial to South Africa's economy, significantly contributing to job creation and innovation. However, they face challenges such as limited access to finance, skills shortages, and difficulties in adopting emerging technologies, which hinder their growth and sustainability. This study aims to explore the role of innovative entrepreneurship and technology in enhancing SMME performance. Through a systematic literature review and thematic analysis, the research identifies twelve key themes that underscore how innovative entrepreneurship can drive adaptability, improve operational efficiency, and facilitate market access. Findings indicate that innovative business models and practices are essential for SMMEs to overcome financial and operational barriers, enabling them to respond effectively to market demands. The study recommends that the South African government and private sector collaborate to enhance financial accessibility, develop targeted training programmes, and improve infrastructure. By fostering a supportive environment for innovative entrepreneurship, SMMEs can leverage emerging technologies more effectively, ultimately driving economic growth and social development in the country.

The Relationship between Internal and External Factors on Attitude towards Acceptance of Change among Officers of Malaysian Government Sectors

The Relationship between Internal and External Factors on Attitude towards Acceptance of Change among Officers of Malaysian Government Sectors

Towards a More Resilient Healthcare Sector in Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan

This study explores the desirable conditions for the Health Sector Governance in post-COVID-19 pandemic Jordan. A primary qualitative approach was used with semi-structured interviews carried out with eighteen public sector doctors and hospital managers in Jordan. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for the health care sector of Jordan to be improved through governance change. Moreover, there is a need for rapid communication between stakeholders, fast financial decision-making processes, establishment of pandemic-specific emergency rooms, more coordination between public and private health sectors, a national health care database, and a system for emergency classification in hospitals. This would help in ensuring that immediate measures are taken which are focused on the providing immediate care to patients.

Pengaruh Technopreneur Terhadap Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM)

Technopreneurship is a combination of technology and entrepreneurship that has significant potential in supporting the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the digital era. This study aims to evaluate the impact of technopreneurship on the growth of SMEs in Indonesia, utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on 361 relevant articles from various academic databases, such as Google Scholar and Sinta. Data were analyzed using tools like Publish or Perish, Covidence, and VOSviewer to identify trends and relationships within the relevant literature. The findings indicate that technopreneurship plays a key role in enhancing SMEs' competitiveness through the adoption of digital technology, which supports operational efficiency, market expansion, and product innovation. However, several challenges, such as limited access to innovative financing, a shortage of skilled labor in technology, and insufficient digital infrastructure, remain major obstacles. Strategies such as continuous training, partnerships with the government and private sectors, and the use of e-commerce-based technology have proven effective in overcoming these challenges. This study provides crucial recommendations for stakeholders to strengthen technopreneurship as a primary driver of SME growth, particularly in facing the rapidly evolving digital transformation era

Hierarchical Models of Information Systems Security Metrics: A Comparative Sectoral Approach

Information system security metrics are critical in assessing and mitigating data protection risks. Executives must improve the security of their information systems. However, it is important to note that there is a wide variety of metrics available and that generic measurements may not be effective for the broader enterprise. This article provides an overview of information system security metrics and introduces a novel hierarchical model for them. Adopting a comparative approach across five sectors (health, finance, industry, government, and education), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to design and evaluate the model in each sector context. The objective was to identify the variation in security criteria based on the sector. The results obtained confirm that the criteria weights vary according to the sector involving a change in the hierarchical evaluation model.

Mapping the landscape of government data breaches: A bibliometric analysis of literature from 2006 to 2023

Data breaches in the government sector are severe threats to cybersecurity and illegal acts that flagrantly violate security and privacy laws. It undermines public trust in government data management. Unlike breaches in other sectors, these incidents can have far-reaching consequences and the potential to cause significant damage to governance and national security. This field has experienced rapid growth in recent years, which means an increase in urgency to address this challenge. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the scientific landscape of government data breaches. It analysed 107 articles published from 2006 to 2023 from the Scopus database. The key findings highlighted trends in scientific production, the most cited articles, country contributions, co-occurrence networks, thematic evolution, and factorial analysis. Ransomware has become one of the biggest challenges in cybersecurity, especially for governments. The use of increasingly sophisticated zero-day attack techniques makes it difficult for law enforcement to track the digital footprints of perpetrators. The regulations on data protection remain inadequate and require improvement. The existing legal framework is not strong enough to reduce data breaches in cyberspace. Therefore, to deal with cyber threats, such as ransomware, cyber risk management is essential and using cloud computing raises new challenges and opportunities in cybersecurity. These findings contribute to future research and practice as guidance for policymakers, system developers, researchers, and practitioners in improving cybersecurity protocols and shaping government regulations and policies.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among the government bank’s employees of district Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves having at least 3 out of 5 health conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These conditions include increased blood pressure (BP), high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Each of these conditions is treatable with lifestyle changes and/or medication. Objective: 1). To find out the prevalence of MetS and various risk factors associated with it through MetS’s screening criteria. 2) To find out the health risk status and stress level among bank’s employees in the government sector. Material and Methods: A medical health camp was organised for all bank’s employees to rule out the various health-related disorders. Thus, 64 beneficiaries were participated. A detailed history was taken regarding their socio-demographic profile, risk factors affecting the MetS, and stress levels among each individual through the direct personal interview method. Results: As per MetS’s screening criteria (NCEP-ATP III), the prevalence of MetS was 7.81% among the bank’s employees. The various risk factors affecting the MetS are elevated serum triglyceride level, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), raised BP, enlarged WC, etc., The majority of individuals had a high risk of health status 27 (42.1%) and a moderate level of stress, i.e., 38 (59.4%), respectively. Most of the participants were hypertensive 49 (76.6%), diabetic 16 (28.6%), and obese 37 (57.8%). Conclusion: Common concerns of male gender, increasing age and BMI, sedentary lifestyle, stress and positive family history should be considered for early identification and appropriate intervention to fight against the growing MetS epidemic.

Analysis of Qatar's electricity landscape: Insights from load profiling, clustering, and policy recommendations

Demand side management (DSM) is an important strategy for promoting sustainable consumption in resource-rich countries with high purchasing power and subsidized tariffs. Global energy and environmental resource consumption have increased rapidly due to advances in production and transportation, leading to inefficient and wasteful use of resources. DSM aims to address these issues by promoting efficiency. To implement appropriate DSM strategies, a greater understanding of consumer behavior is needed. To do so, load profiling and load clustering are two popular methods that can be used. This paper aims to i) summarize the most recent global load profiling and clustering works ii) use official smart meter data to understand key electricity consumption trends in Qatar, such as temperature-demand correlation, weekend vs. weekday, and public holiday consumption patterns, and iii) perform load clustering to propose policies that would help manage the electricity load in Qatar for its green growth. This study provides insights into the electricity consumption trends of various sectors in Qatar, including commercial, government, hospitality, and residential sectors. It was found that among all the sectors there were only two usage periods of the same time. There is naturally a strong correlation between temperature and electricity consumption throughout the sectors. Furthermore, it was observed that the consumption of the sectors is highly similar which leads to multiple sectors being present in the same cluster. Finally, policy changes are proposed based on the results to encourage demand response programs in Qatar.

Urban Governance and Power Consumption Dynamics in China's Carbon-Intensive Sectors: Insights for Sustainable Development

Urban Governance and Power Consumption Dynamics in China's Carbon-Intensive Sectors: Insights for Sustainable Development

Factors influencing elderly coping with social challenges in Thailand's aging society

Thailand is facing a rapidly aging population, presenting numerous social challenges for the elderly that necessitate effective coping mechanisms to sustain their well-being. This study investigates factors influencing their ability to cope with aging-related challenges and the mechanisms driving their adaptation. A total of 330 participants aged 60 years and older were surveyed. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling with AMOS, and path analysis. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, with participants divided into three age groups: 60-69, 70-79, and 80+. Content analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Findings revealed that cooperation and societal support had the highest factor loading (0.809), while technological proficiency had the lowest (0.513). The structural equation model showed a high coefficient of determination (R² = 85%) for adaptation. The results underscore that adaptability is a key factor in coping with aging challenges, enabling physical and mental adjustment. Enhancing technological skills and promoting government policies and sector collaboration are vital for improving quality of life and readiness to address Thailand’s transition to a super-aged society.

Analysis of Automation and Robotics Application in Construction Project Implementation in Provinsi Aceh

Abstract The construction industry in Provinsi Aceh continues to develop alongside efforts by the government and private sector to accelerate post-conflict and natural disaster reconstruction. Automation and robotics are increasingly being applied in modern construction projects to enhance productivity, construction speed, work accuracy, and workplace safety. This study aims to determine the extent of automation and robotics implementation in construction projects in Provinsi Aceh. The reviewed construction projects include building structures, roads, bridges, drainage systems, irrigation, reservoirs, and dams that have been completed by contracting companies in Provinsi Aceh, funded by Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Aceh (APBA) from 2018 to 2023. This research uses a quantitative approach through questionnaires with snowball sampling technique involving 100 respondents. The sampling was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents who are personnel from contracting companies at the top management level (project manager/site manager/site engineer/supervisor). The data were processed using descriptive statistical methods. The results show that the implementation of automation and robotics in construction projects in Provinsi Aceh is frequently observed in automation and robotics factors, while prefabrication factors are occasionally observed. This is evidenced by the mean value of 4.390 for automation factor, 4.030 for robotics factor and 3.375 for prefabrication factor. Overall, contractors in Aceh more frequently implement automation and robotics technology compared to prefabrication in their construction projects.

Challenges in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in Malaysia

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) implementation approach in Malaysia aims to enhance the delivery of public sector infrastructure and services. However, the Auditor General's Report 2012 highlighted several deficiencies in PPP project management, including delays, poor quality, and inefficient resource use. This study seeks to identify the issues in the management of PPP projects in Malaysia that contribute to these ongoing problems and to propose improvements for enhancing PPP practices. Adopting a qualitative approach with an inductive single case study, the research involved semi-structured interviews with 14 participants conducted over one month in May 2024. The data were analyzed using NVivo Version 14 software through thematic analysis, which generated relevant codes, categories, themes, and domains. The findings reveal seven key strategic issues in PPP project management, such as accountability; incentives and assistance; values, norms, and prevalence; standards and procedures; good and moral governance; duties and roles; and laws and regulations. To improve PPP practices in Malaysia, it is essential for both the government and private sector key players in PPP project management to focus on enhancing capacity building and process optimization. This study provides valuable insights for future PPP project management in Malaysia and serves as a guide for strengthening PPP practices.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CRIME REDUCTION IN NIGERIA

Unemployment and underemployment has become a serious challenge to development and economic well-beings to human dignity in the society. This paper Titled entrepreneurship and crime reduction in Nigeria. The paper identity causes of crime in Nigeria, roles of entrepreneurship in crime reduction as well as ways to stimulate entrepreneurship in crime reduction. Secondary data was used for data collection. the paper recommended that government and private sectors must establish various means of reducing causes of crime in Nigeria, government should put more emphases on entrepreneurship as it reduces the prevalence of unemployment and poverty which in turns reduces crime in Nigeria and finally all ways to stimulate entrepreneurship needed to stress for it effective functioning in crime reduction.

Leveraging geographic information systems and data analytics for enhanced public sector decision-making and urban planning

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data analytics are revolutionizing public sector governance and urban planning by providing innovative tools for data-driven decision-making. This review explores the integration of GIS and data analytics as a means to address complex challenges in resource management, crisis response, environmental sustainability, and urban development. GIS enables spatial data collection, visualization, and analysis, while advanced data analytics, including predictive models and machine learning, enriches decision-making processes by uncovering actionable insights from diverse datasets. Applications in public governance include optimizing resource allocation, enhancing emergency response strategies, and managing environmental impacts. In urban planning, GIS facilitates land use management, infrastructure development, and the creation of smart cities powered by the Internet of Things (IoT). The review highlights successful case studies, showcasing how cities worldwide have leveraged these technologies to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life for their residents. Despite their potential, the implementation of GIS and data analytics faces challenges such as data quality issues, financial and technical constraints, privacy concerns, and resistance to change within bureaucratic systems. This review discusses these barriers and offers insights into overcoming them through advancements in technology, collaborative governance models, and increased stakeholder engagement. This concludes by emphasizing the transformative role of GIS and data analytics in fostering more transparent, efficient, and sustainable urban governance. By embracing these tools, public sector entities can better anticipate and address societal needs, paving the way for more resilient and inclusive communities. Future opportunities include leveraging artificial intelligence, expanding GIS use cases, and fostering international collaboration to further enhance public sector and urban planning outcomes.

Explore the Relationship between Personality (e.g. Big Five Personality Traits) and Job Performance, Leadership or Career Success

This study deals with how personality traits, including conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability, play a role in job performance, leadership effectiveness, and career success. The methodology has been the carefully designed survey of employees from various sectors in Punjab, Pakistan, including professionals at different stages of their careers and leaders. All types of professionals were well represented through drawing the population from education, healthcare business, and government sectors. The stratified random sampling method was employed to generate a sample size that would ensure enough representation from each of the subgroups, which are divided by the job role, industry, and experience. The gathered data were subjected to an analysis using various statistical tools, such as regression analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA. Conscientiousness in relation to job performance was examined via regression analysis. Leadership efficacy between extraverts and non-extraverts was measured using the t-tests. ANOVA was employed to examine the differences in career success among individuals exhibiting varying levels of emotional stability. Ethical considerations were meticulously adhered to, guaranteeing participant consent, privacy, and the right to withdraw at any stage of the study. The findings indicated that conscientiousness served as a positive predictor of job performance, while extraversion was correlated with enhanced leadership effectiveness, and emotional stability was significantly related to career success. These findings stress the relevance of personality traits in shaping professional results. The results indicate that personality assessments should be integrated into recruitment, leadership development, and career counseling practices.

Post-Custodialism, Distributed Custody, and Big Data

This reflection piece describes the outcomes of a research project undertaken by the National Archives of Australia that aimed to gather information from other government archives and selected Australian government agencies about their approach to archiving and preserving large-big datasets in the government sector. Big data collections pose a challenge for government archives around the world. Many of these archives have a role in information management in their government domains and provide guidance and advice to their government agency clients on ensuring the integrity and trustworthiness of data over time. The article examines the nexus between theory and practice, exploring issues related to the post-custodial ideas developed by Terry Cook and others in the 1990s and their practical implementation.

Faktor Perubahan Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Akibat Pembangunan Kawasan Aerotropolis Kulon Progo dan Dampaknya Terhadap Tata Guna Lahan LP2B, Pemukiman dan Pariwisata

The development of the Aerotropolis area in Kulon Progo Regency causes frequent changes in agricultural land use to residential areas, hotels, restaurants, and other infrastructure. The excessive rate of conversion of agricultural land will have a negative impact on Kulon Progo Regency. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors causing changes in agricultural land use and their impact on LP2B areas, residences, and tourism. The research method used is descriptive-analytical with statistical data; observations of situational conditions and the results of interviews regarding the problem being studied will be analyzed and then explained more specifically and in depth. The results of the analysis show that the phenomenon of land conversion in Kulon Regency is influenced by internal factors, namely the strategic location of agricultural land and its proximity to public facilities. The productivity of the agricultural sector has decreased due to difficult farmer regeneration, which causes economic factors to emerge. Apart from that, it is also influenced by external factors, namely increasing population growth, increasing development of the trade and services sector, the COVID-19 pandemic, and government policies that facilitate the conversion of agricultural land. The impact is that land and agricultural productivity are decreasing while the area of residential areas and the tourism sector are increasing. As a result, the GDP growth rate in the agricultural sector decreased, while the accommodation and food and drink (tourism) sector and the service sector increased. This trend has the potential to reduce the implementation of LP2B in Kulon Progo Regency. Recommendations that need to be made are strengthening government policies regarding the protection of LP2B and the involvement of many parties from the community, private sector, NGOs (Non-Government Organizations), and local governments regarding the implementation of LP2B