Government Sector Research Articles

Policy design for renewable energy development based on government support: A system dynamics model

Energy's centrality to life, work, and progress underscores its indispensable role in modern society. However, burgeoning energy consumption and finite resources have prompted concerns regarding resource sustainability. Consequently, renewable energy sources have gained prominence as alternatives, integral to societal advancement. Therefore, with the increase in the price of fossil fuels and its limitations and the attention to renewable energies, in this research, we decided to study the implementation processes of the development of this type of energy about possible future scenarios and possible implementation policies at the time of each scenario. Let's pay Considering the dynamic complexities of this issue over time and the involvement of government sectors in policy discussions and private sectors in the implementation and participation of these two groups simultaneously, using dynamic system modeling to design a dynamic model that economic aspects, technical, political and environmental aspects should be evaluated simultaneously in a causal-disability manner. To implement this model, two scenarios of government support and non-support for this industry were taken into consideration, and in each scenario two policies of workforce training and technology import for the use of private sector managers and in the best scenario two policies of tax exemption and reduction of technology import tariff for Government decision-making was reviewed. The results showed that when this industry enjoys government support, the speed of development of renewable energy projects can be greatly increased by importing equipment. Without governmental backing, expedited progress is achievable through skilled labor training and employment. Tax exemptions are the most effective policy tool for stimulating renewable energy project processes, production, and sales. The findings underscore the pivotal role of strategic governmental intervention in facilitating renewable energy development, which is essential for meeting energy demands while mitigating environmental impact.

A cellular automata based secured reversible data hiding scheme for dual images using bit-reversal permutation technique

With the rapid development of advanced communication technology, protection of confidential data during transmission through public channel has become a challenging issue. In this context, the design of a data hiding scheme needs to ensure reversibility, robustness against various malicious attacks, and unaltered visual quality even after embedding high amount of secret data. To meet the above requirements, Cellular Automata along with Bit-Reversal Permutation technique have been utilized on dual-image with the target to enhance the robustness of suggested scheme due to distribution of secret information within two stego images which is hard to extract without both stego simultaneously. The proposed scheme makes a trade-off among visual quality, security and embedding capacity as essential for ensuring innocuous communication. The experimental results and comparison with the state-of-art methods establishes that the proposed scheme ensures high degree of robustness against different venomous attacks. This approach may be beneficial to private and public sector practitioners and government agencies to protect valuable multimedia secret data from adversarial cyber attacks.

Exploring Work-Family Reconciliation Strategies of Saudi Professional Women: An Applied Study on Female Leadership Professionals in the Government Sector in Riyadh

Exploring Work-Family Reconciliation Strategies of Saudi Professional Women: An Applied Study on Female Leadership Professionals in the Government Sector in Riyadh

The Evaluation of Use Photovoltaics (PV) in Renewable Energy Technology as Sustainability Strategies

The United Nations (UN) proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to make the earth peaceful and prosperous by 2030. Abundant water and food supply, sustainable energy consumption, climate change mitigation, and sustainable energy consumption are considered the keys to better sustainability. For example, the food sector is responsible for 30% of global energy consumption, 21-37% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and 70% of global water withdrawals. Integrating renewable energy into a country's energy mix largely depends on the implementation of renewable energy policies. Sustainably developed solar photovoltaic options to meet energy. The main focus is to achieve energy security and independence with special emphasis on solar energy, to drive transformative change towards widespread adoption of renewable energy. The research method uses a literature study and the findings are in the form of the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy setting, namely the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) which is the basis for regulation through Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2014 with the aim of changing the increase in the national energy share to 23% by 2025. This regulation aims to create opportunities for PT PLN (Persero) customers in the household, business, government, social, and industrial sectors to be actively involved in the utilization and management of renewable energy in a sustainable manner and provide insight into the sustainability of solar energy, including environmental and economic development.

Contextualizing supply chain risk governance in critical infrastructure sectors: insights from the Swedish food system

PurposeCritical infrastructure (CI) sectors and their resilience are vital for societies to function. In many countries, vital societal functions (VSFs) and CIs depend on inter-organizational and international supply chains (SCs) which combine public and private actors with often competing interests and unclear responsibilities that create discontents. While collaborative supply chain risk management (SCRM) can increase the robustness and resilience of VSF&CIs, their inherent characteristics complicate SCRM. To understand this, supply chain risk governance (SCRG) has conceptually been introduced, suggesting collaborative mechanisms that facilitate inter-organizational SCRM. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on and substantiate the theoretical and practical relevance of an existing SCRG framework, by empirically exploring governance of collaborative SCRM and suggesting future research.Design/methodology/approachAn abductive case study was performed in a VSF&CI, the Swedish food system, to contextualize top-level governance of collaborative SCRM and elaborate on the conceptual SCRG framework. Archival data supplemented expert interviews with public and private actors representing direct and indirect SC actors.FindingsCurrent discourse and interventions in the Swedish food system’s SCRM confirmed discontent in governance and the importance of SCRG mechanisms and supported further conceptualization, e.g. of legal mechanisms vs economic incentives, the importance of government inquiries and the understanding of the influence of indirect public SC actors.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering the geographical scope of the study, transferability is limited but invites comparisons with both other countries and the SCRG of other VSF&CIs. Proposed research avenues guide future conceptualization and contextualization of SCRG.Practical implicationsThe framework can support CI actors to jointly find and reduce discontents related to inter-organizational SCRM and support policymakers to increase public–private collaboration.Originality/valueThe novelty lies in empirically studying SCRG in critical infrastructures by combining SCRM and risk governance lenses.

An Analysis of the Patterns of Economic Growth in the US

ABSTRACT This article seeks to investigate which demand component led and shaped the growth patterns of the US economy between 1954 and 2020 and comprehensive sub-periods relying on a proper allocation of imports. In doing so, it aims to establish whether the external sector can make a positive contribution to growth even in a context of negative net exports. Finally, it seeks to shed light on the reasons for higher or lower output growth, drawing particular attention to the engines of growth in each historical period. This article takes a novel approach in two ways: (1) it calculates and analyzes the decomposition of the contributions to growth for the US; (2) it divides the analysis into sub-periods and engines of growth, separately analyzing movements in the components of the multiplier, the dynamics of each component’s share with respect to GDP, and their respective growth rates. The empirical results show that the very low growth rates experienced between 2008 and 2020 are mainly explained by a minimal contribution of the government sector accompanied by weak demand from the private sector, highlighting the importance of growth-oriented public policies. These negative results have been only partially compensated by improvements in the external sector.

Kepuasan Kerja Para Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di Pemko Padang yang Mengalami Job Mismatch Berdasarkan Usia dan Pendidikan

Employees who match their jobs have a much higher level of job satisfaction than employees who experience a mismatch with their jobs. Several studies say that a mismatch between education and work can have an impact on low levels of job satisfaction and make mismatch one of the factors that influences a person's job satisfaction. Based on several studies, the results show that job satisfaction is influenced by two things, namely work factors and individual factors, for example age and education. Government services have the highest level of nonconformity, namely 74.24%. Based on the data that has been explained, it is known that there is data on job qualification discrepancies in Indonesia, especially in the government sector. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in job satisfaction of state civil servants in the Padang City Government who experience job mismatch based on age and education. This research was studied using quantitative research with a comparative approach. Data collection was carried out using a Google form by distributing the barcode scan questionnaire link via WhatsApp social media and the Google Leans application. The data analysis technique for this research uses the two way anova test. The results obtained in this research show that there is no difference in job satisfaction of Padang City Government ASN who experience job mismatch based on age and education.

Assessment of the Indian Public Healthcare Delivery System and Its Comparison with Public Healthcare Delivery of Global Nations Based on Their Gross Domestic Products Potential as Criteria: A Comparative Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the Indian public healthcare delivery system and compare it with other countries based on their gross domestic product (GDP) classification. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted to assess the Indian healthcare delivery system and the GDP among global nations based on their GDP potential as criteria. The data from 24 high-, middle-, and low-income countries were gathered from the World Bank from year 2018 to 2021. The parameters included GDP, GDP per capita, total number of population, and healthcare delivery system. The data were collected from various electronic sources of the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the US Census Bureau’s international data, National Health Profile 2021. The collected data were compiled and tabulated. The descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel version 2016 and SPSS version 20. Results: India ranks in the high-income group based on the GDP, whereas when ranked based on GDP per capita, it drops down to the lower-middle-income group. This lag may be because of a larger population and lack of priority in public health delivery. In terms of overall expenditure, India spends US$63 million in total health expenditure, of which only US$20 million is spent by the government sector. On the other hand, the United States holds the highest rank with US$10,921 million of total health expenditure, of which US$5,552 million spent by the government sector and US$5,368 million by the private sector. Conclusion: The Indian healthcare delivery system is suffering from a shortage of public health workforce and infrastructure. In the last decade, India has seen remarkable economic development, particularly in terms of the GDP growth rate. Unfortunately, this progress does not accompany with the Indian healthcare delivery system. Still there is a shortage in public health workforce and infrastructure. India should prioritize the expenditure in healthcare delivery.

Applying fuzzy logic to balanced scorecard for the performance evaluation of government e-services

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of United Arab Emirates (UAE) Government e-services by using the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methodology, integrating insights from the balanced scorecard (BSC) framework across financial, customer, internal business and learning and growth perspectives. Design/methodology/approach Using the fuzzy TOPSIS method, this paper evaluate three e-services in the UAE against 12 criteria representing the balanced scorecard perspectives. Expert evaluation and sensitivity analysis are used to identify the most sustainable e-service alternative. Findings The study findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing customer-centric metrics, improving service reliability and efficiency, and investing in employee training to enhance e-government service performance in the UAE. Sensitivity analysis reinforces the robustness of our results and identifies key criteria influencing decision-making. Research limitations/implications The data was collected only from experts in selected UAE Government departments. This may affect the generalization of the findings. Also, only three e-services were evaluated. Future studies could include various e-services not covered in this study and use different multi-criteria decision-making methods. Practical implications Prioritizing customer satisfaction: Priority should be given to customer satisfaction as it is a critical factor in evaluating e-services because of its importance. It also highlights the importance of considering user feedback and ensuring that e-services have a high level of friendliness and responsiveness to their needs. It follows that minimizing errors and ensuring quick and efficient transactions are crucial. Emphasizing reliability and transaction efficiency: Reliable services and transaction efficiency are also essential criteria for evaluating e-government services. This suggests that e-government services should be designed to minimize errors and ensure that transactions are completed quickly and efficiently. Managing IT costs: To deliver e-government services affordably, effective IT cost management is crucial. This emphasizes how crucial it is to effectively manage IT costs to guarantee the efficient delivery of e-government services. Social implications From a customer perspective, adopting BSC can create a favorable customer attitude, encourage long-term customer support, and increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. These factors have significant social implications for UAE and expatriate individuals who are using such e-government services. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by showcasing the applicability of the fuzzy TOPSIS methodology in evaluating UAE e-government service performance. By examining multiple perspectives of the BSC, this paper provide valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of e-services in the UAE Government sector.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH MOTIVATIONAL MEDIATION AT THE GRUJUGAN BONDOWOSO SUB-DISTRICT OFFICE

Human Resource is an essential element in the an organisation. To accomplish organisational objectives, optimal human resource management is required in order create a balance between organisational and employee needs. The existence of this balanced condition is a key factor in driving organisational growth. This study examines the relationship between work discipline, motivation and employee performance. This research aims to determine the extent to which a high level of work discipline can encourage motivation, which ultimately leads to increased employee performance. The results are hoped to inform the development of work discipline practices policies for boosting employee performance through effective discipline and motivation management in the government sector. This study's novelty lies in its focus on a specific government office and the mediating role of motivation, an understudied area in related research. Employing a quantitative approach, the study analyzed data from all 45 employees at the Grujugan Bondowoso District Office using a census and SEM-PLS 4.0 software. This study shows that 1) Work discipline has a significant impact on employee performances in the sub-district office of grujugan bondowoso, 2) work discipline has a positive and significant effect effect on motivation in the sub-district office of grujugan bondowoso, 3) Motivation has a positive effect on employee performance in the sub-district office of grujugan bondowoso, 4) work discipline on employee performance via mediation motivations has a positive and significant effects in the sub-district office of grujugan bondowoso.

Place-based understanding of Chilika fishery: power, affect, and materiality

ABSTRACT The study explores the emplaced nature of fishing practices at Chilika by employing post-humanist geographer’s ontological strand on the concept of ‘place’. It investigates three defining aspects of Chilika fishery, i.e. declining fish catch, the prevalence of aquaculture, and the practice of mahajani. The study finds complex and place-specific interactions among materiality, institutional dynamics, and human agency shaping Chilika fishery. The data collection method for the paper consists of key informant interviews, FGDs, and ethnography. The study explores emplaced interactions among the materiality of fish and fishing sources, the dynamics of micro-power relations at the community level, and fishers’ active human agency. The paper concludes by highlighting the scope of extending its arguments beyond Chilika fishery to other sectors of resource governance.

Public sector governance reform and public sector performance in Ondo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Public sector is expected to regularly finetune its management tools and techniques through reforms in order to meet the exigencies of the time. Unfortunately, years of administrative reforms in Nigeria have not been able to achieve this imperative need. The study examined public sector governance reform and public sector performance in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study derived its data from both primary and secondary sources. Interviews were conducted with major and relevant stakeholders to elicit data. New public management and attainment of objectives models were employed as framework for the study. The study also revealed a reasonable degree of impact of public sector governance reform on the performance of Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of government in Ondo State. The findings show that weak capacity, inadequate number of experts, political factor, high technical nature of the reform and Nigerian bureaucratic cultural syndrome were responsible for the delay in the implementation of the reform. The study concluded that periodic review and evaluation of the reform are apparently required to ensure sustainability.

Combating obesity in Southeast Asia countries: current status and the way forward

Obesity is gaining prominence as a serious public health challenge in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region, with an alarming rate of increase in its prevalence. Countries in the region have shown commitment to curbing the rise of obesity by establishing policies, strategies, and action plans. This paper summarises the current situation and strategies undertaken to combat obesity and related chronic diseases. Although a range of policies and strategies have been developed, including national nutrition action plans, community intervention programmes, fiscal measures, nutrition labelling to promote healthier choices, countries in the region are struggling to make significant progress toward halting the scourge of obesity. It is imperative to strengthen existing health systems with a paradigm shift from a focus on “sick care” to and enhancing nutrition initiatives to support obesity prevention. A comprehensive and coordinated approach is essential, one that emphasises high-level coordination across all levels of government and multiple sectors, and a unified plan rather than fragmented initiatives. For strategies to be effective and sustainable, they must address the fundamental environmental determinants of poor dietary choices and nutritional inequalities. A more holistic approach is clearly needed to improve the entire food environment, which in SEA countries must include the multitude of eating places where large segments of the population “eat out” everyday to meet their energy and nutrient needs. There is a recognised need for more comprehensive measures to promote healthy eating among school children and ensure a supportive environment for lifelong healthy habits. This paper calls for a whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach that combines changes to the fundamental food environment and accompanied by systematic monitoring and surveillance systems to achieve long-lasting health outcomes.

First Peoples economic landscape: analysis of the ecosystem

PurposeThis paper focuses on First Peoples Founders of for-profit entities in Australia and the role of the Indigenous Economic Development Agencies (IEDAs). We explore the challenges facing First Peoples enterprises, influenced by historical exclusion from white settler society, and the practices of the IEDAs from the perspectives of Founders and agencies.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study utilising Indigenous Standpoint Theory and Indigenous research methods, elevating Founder perspectives, in the Yaruwu language - the Nilangany Ngarrungunil, owners of knowledge, to that of research collaborators.FindingsThe First Peoples economic landscape is continually evolving with IEDAs contributing to that evolution despite contentious identity ownership definitions. Founders secure in their own identity, are focused on self-determination and opportunities provided by IEDAs, government and corporate sector policies. However, opportunities are undermined by ongoing racism, discrimination and prevailing stereotypes leading to homogeneity, invisibility and exclusion. Founders question organisational commitments to overcoming systemic exclusion in particular their commitment to building respectful relationships and understanding First Peoples ways of working. Instead, Founders focus on building a sustainable First Peoples economic ecosystem through relationship-based practices rather than transactional reconciliation which ignores the reality of the lived experience of everyday racism.Originality/valueThis study extends the scholarly discourse on First Peoples for-profit enterprise success written with an Indigenous voice. We demonstrate how this Founder generation are strengthened by culture with identity infused in organisational practices underpinning their aspirations of economic self-determination.

Navigating the integration of ChatGPT in UAE’s government sector: challenges and opportunities

PurposeThis research examines how responsible deployment of ChatGPT in the UAE’s government sector, guided by New Public Management principles, can enhance customer journeys by integrating services across government bodies. Through semi-structured interviews with UAE government officers, the study investigates this approach’s benefits, challenges, and applications for achieving efficient and integrated public service delivery.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a qualitative approach, purposive sampling strategy, and semi-structured interviews to explore the subjective viewpoints of 20 high-level UAE government authorities. The thematic analysis uncovers ChatGPT’s benefits, challenges, and applications, aligning with New Public Management principles.FindingsThematic analysis reveals four themes: Benefits and Applications of ChatGPT, Challenges, Strategies to Overcome Challenges, and Steps for Customer Journey Enhancement through ChatGPT.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is based on participant responses provided during the interviews, which may be subject to biases or incomplete information. Secondly, the study focuses solely on the provided applications and participant responses, limiting the generalizability of the conclusions to other contexts.Practical implicationsThe implementation of ChatGPT in the government sector has practical implications for transforming its operations and enhancing communication, efficiency, decision-making, and service offerings: citizen engagement, streamlined processes, and informed governance.Originality/valueThis study uniquely examines ChatGPT’s role in government, offering insights into communication, efficiency, decision-making, and service offerings. Identifying hurdles enriches understanding of ChatGPT’s practical integration in government.

Sustaining village malaria worker programmes with expanded roles: Perspectives of communities, healthcare workers, policymakers, and implementers in Vietnam.

In Vietnam, multiple types of community-based malaria workers are recruited to promote access to malaria testing and treatment for at-risk mobile and migrant populations. However, as the country approaches elimination, these roles are at risk from declining investment. This article characterises the different types of workers and relevant health policy in Vietnam, and explores stakeholder perspectives on sustaining and expanding the roles of these workers in the malaria elimination context. We conducted a rapid policy document review to describe the policy background of community-based health care in Vietnam and identify key informants. In-depth interviews were conducted with policymakers and implementers (n = 11) in different government sectors, international, and civil society organizations. We also conducted interviews (n = 8) and two focus group discussions with community members (n = 12), and interviews with health workers (n = 9) in 18 communities in Phu Yen and Binh Thuan provinces in the central region. Our study identified three main types of malaria workers: village health workers (VHWs), malaria post workers (MPWs) and other groups of workers supported by civil society organisations (CSO). Workers reported being willing to maintain their current roles and potentially provide additional services that respond to community needs, although they were concerned about excess workload and inadequate income. Besides working in a variety of jobs to secure their incomes, mainly in agriculture, VHWs in particular were primarily tasked with supporting the delivery of a wide range of health services from commune health stations. Faced with reduced patients, MPWs and CSO-supported workers could be tasked with the following potential roles: case notification for infectious diseases, real-time data collection and reporting, and screening for non-malaria illnesses using other rapid test kits. There was agreement that the community-based health network is crucial to health care delivery in remote communities and to ensure comprehensive access to care among vulnerable populations. However, policymakers and implementers stressed concerns about their limited skillsets, the inadequate budget to support these workers, and the regulation constraining them from performing diagnosis and treatment activities, highlighting the priority to maintain the capacity of workers and funding allocation through provincial advocacy and multi-programme collaboration. This study highlights the crucial role of community-based health workers in eliminating malaria in Vietnam. Sustained efforts are needed to maintain accessible case detection and treatment while addressing local health concerns beyond malaria. Implementing these strategies requires prioritizing the mapping of groups most in need and developing enablers to raise community awareness and maintain the capacity of these workers. Ensuring political advocacy, financial resources, and coordination between multiple groups are key to maximizing impact and integrating malaria activities into the broader health system.

Managing Risk Mitigation in Urban Expansion Areas of Argentina’s Drylands: The Gap between Perception and Environmental Behaviour

Accessibility to rigorous scientific information to promote risk mitigation measures by citizens is crucial, especially in the context of climate change and extreme weather events. This study focuses on the perception of flood risk and the implementation of mitigation strategies by residents in drylands urban sprawl areas. Risk perception, defined as the subjective assessment of the likelihood and potential consequences of flooding, is a key element of mitigation. While many studies have explored the link between risk perception and behaviour, this research addresses gaps in understanding how public information affects these perceptions and actions. In areas of rapid urban expansion, where regulation often overlooks environmental features, the lack of adequate information poses significant barriers to effective risk mitigation. This research reveals that although residents claim to understand flooding, their descriptions often indicate a lack of understanding of the phenomenon. This ‘passive optimism’ could be mitigated by providing rigorous information and specific technical recommendations. This study highlights the disconnect between residents’ awareness of flood risks and the inadequacy of preventive measures, underlining the importance of targeted information and collaboration between the scientific community, government sectors, and local populations.

Comparative Analysis of Job Satisfaction Among Government and Private Primary School Teachers

This study investigates the comparative job satisfaction levels among primary school teachers in government and private sectors. Using a quantitative methodology, the research employs a standardized job satisfaction survey administered to a random sample of teachers from both types of institutions. The aim is to identify significant differences in job satisfaction levels and explore factors contributing to these differences. Preliminary findings suggest that there are notable disparities in job satisfaction influenced by factors such as work environment, professional development opportunities, and compensation. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for educational policy and school administration, offering recommendations for enhancing teacher satisfaction and, consequently, educational outcomes. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions that address the specific needs and challenges faced by teachers in different educational settings.

Beyond Averages: Unpacking Disparities in School-Based Vaccination Coverage in Eastern Sydney: An Ecological Analysis.

School vaccination programs are crucial for achieving high immunisation coverage among adolescents, but substantial disparities exist across schools and regions. This ecological study aimed to determine associations between school characteristics and vaccination coverage for diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines among year 7 students in southeastern Sydney. An analysis of data from 70 mainstream schools participating in the 2019 South Eastern Sydney Local Health District School Vaccination Program utilised quasi-Poisson regression models to assess associations between vaccination coverage and school attendance, socio-educational status, Aboriginal enrolments, language background other than English (LBOTE), school sector (government, Catholic, or independent), and coeducation status. Median school coverage was 88% for dTpa, 88% for HPV-girls, and 86% for HPV-boys, with interquartile ranges of 82-93%, 84-92%, and 78-91%, respectively. Higher school attendance was associated with increased dTpa vaccination coverage (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27). Single-sex schools showed higher HPV vaccination coverage compared to coeducational schools for both girls (PR 2.24, 95% CI 2.04-2.46) and boys (PR 1.89, 95% CI 1.72-2.08). No significant associations were found for ICSEA, Aboriginal enrolments, LBOTE, or school sector. School attendance and coeducational status significantly influenced vaccination coverage, with differential impacts on dTpa and HPV vaccines. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to address disparities in school-based vaccination programs. Research using qualitative methods could be useful to understand the beliefs and attitudes contributing to these disparities in vaccine uptake so that programs can be tailored to maximise participation.

Institutional Framework and Governance of the Water Sector and the Implication on Service Delivery

Water governance discourses usually state that “water crisis is a crisis of governance”. Improving governance is thus critical in ensuring water security. This study examines water sector governance and institutional framework's impact on service delivery. It employs a qualitative approach with Klang Valley, Selangor as the case study. Policy actors from federal and state governments are interviewed for primary data. Secondary data includes documents and archival records. The findings show that water service delivery was hampered by unclear jurisdiction, conflicting priorities, financial constraints, and the absence of political will. These findings imply that overcoming these challenges can be the basis for improving water service delivery system.