Secondary Data Sources Research Articles

What Factors Should Muzakki Know Before Paying Zakat

The purpose of this research is to see what factors must be known by muzakki before paying zakat. The method of this research is This research is a type of literature research; This means that the information materials used come from library sources in the form of books, encyclopedias, magazines, journals, newspapers, journals, and others (Sutrisno Hadi 1987). The form of this research is descriptive, analytical, and critical. Therefore, the author can comprehensively describe what factors must be known by the muzakki before paying zakat. In this study, the author optimally uses two data sources related to this research, namely. Primary data sources and secondary data sources. The main sources of this research are books and scientific journals on factors that can affect muzakki. The result of this research is that trust will be obtained when a person feels comfortable in communicating, and other things, and when they can see firsthand the practice that their opponent is doing. Likewise, the trust of the muzakki in the professionalism displayed in BAZNAS, such as technology, conditions and adequate facilities will make the muzakki more comfortable in distributing their zakat to BAZNAS because they have met the criteria according to their expectations.

THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION OF YOUNG EMPLOYEES WORKING AT THE SIERRA LEONE YOUTH COMMISSION

This study investigates the impact of motivation on performance and job satisfaction among young employees at the Sierra Leone Youth Commission. One of the objectives this study seeks to address is to identify the various motivational factors that influence the job performance and satisfaction of young employees in the Sierra Leone Youth Commission. This research aimed to explore the relationship between motivation, performance, and job satisfaction among the staff. Therefore, the study utilized both primary and secondary sources of data as well as qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. Analysis of the data using SPSS revealed that motivation plays a pivotal role in driving exceptional performance among the respondents. Key factors influencing motivation include remuneration, personal growth, and work-life balance. The findings suggest that the staff at the Youth Commission are highly motivated, resulting in outstanding performance. Employees are indeed a crucial component of business development and success. Based on this, the study recommends that employee motivation can be achieved through empowerment, which involves providing autonomy, recognizing individual contributions, and fostering a positive work environment. In addition, the study suggests that regular feedback, opportunities for growth and development, and competitive compensation packages can also enhance employee motivation and productivity.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0726/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A contemporary analysis of policy implementation for the coastal mangrove forest management in Bangladesh Sundarbans

Despite having more than 200 environmental laws and policies in Bangladesh, the overall ecological situation is almost beyond control. Relying on both primary and secondary sources of data, particularly the legal texts, this study delves into analysing the legal frameworks of Bangladesh pertaining to wildlife and biodiversity conservation in the Sundarbans mangrove forest (SMF). This study finds that the lack of implementation of stringent provisions is one of the key reasons for the failure to successfully conserve biological diversity in the SMF. The other reason that heavily accelerates environmental crimes in Bangladesh is the less severe punishment compared to other crimes. This study result reveals that the Animal Welfare Act 2019 imposes a mere BDT 10,000 (USD 116) for harming any animal. This study also finds that the Environment Court Act 2010 strives to expand environmental governance in every district, but the absolute authority of the Department of Environment (DoE) and its limited resources hinder such lavish expansion. Although the government has revised many outdated laws and policies and enacted new laws such as Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 (2023), Forest Act 2023, and Forest Conservation Act 2023, evidence indicates that most of the provisions were not successfully implemented due to overlaps with other laws and loopholes within the laws. In addition, complex bureaucratic systems significantly hamper the administration system in forest management. Furthermore, the Director General (DG) of the DoE’s sole authority often sparked concerns regarding the transparency and accountability of this department. Therefore, this paper examines the domestic legal system of Bangladesh for conserving biodiversity in the SMF.

Strategi Kreatif Humas dalam Menggugah Semangat Komunitas Mengembangkan Kampus Islam

The aim of this research is to analyze the role of public relations management in increasing community participation in developing STIT Jembrana, Bali. This research uses a qualitative case study type approach. The data collection uses interviews, observation and documentation. Research data sources consist of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were obtained from interviews with supporting informants as well as observations in the form of direct observations to strengthen the data found from the interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data sources were obtained from documentation in the form of activity reports, pictures and photos related to public relations activities. This research also checked the validity of the data by triagulating sources, methods and theories. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results obtained are that public relations management at STIT Jembrana, Bali uses Terry's theory with POAC components, namely: Planning, carried out by analyzing the needs and desires of the community both internally and externally, Organizing (organizing) carried out by selecting and assigning the right resources in its field, Actuating (implementation) implements public relations through activities carried out according to the schedule in the academic calendar, and Controling (control/evaluation) is carried out by monitoring and evaluating the implementation of activity programs with predetermined initial planning. The form of community participation consists of labor/physical participation, thinking and financial participation.

Corporate Entrepreneurship at Toserba Yogya as A Driver of Innovation in the Face of Digitalization

This study investigates the impact of Corporate Entrepreneurship on driving innovation and facilitating digital adaptation at PT Akur Pratama (Toserba Yogya), a leading player in Indonesia's retail industry. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research draws on secondary data sources such as academic books, scientific journals, media articles, and company reports. This approach provides an in-depth understanding of how Corporate Entrepreneurship has been employed to enhance Toserba Yogya's operational efficiency, customer-oriented innovation, and market competitiveness through digital initiatives like e-commerce and mobile applications. The findings reveal that Corporate Entrepreneurship has significantly bolstered the company's ability to navigate the digital transformation, resulting in improved performance, higher customer satisfaction, and industry recognition with Superbrand Indonesia and Top Brand Award awards. The study underscores the role of continuous innovation and adaptation in maintaining competitiveness and achieving sustainable growth in the evolving retail landscape.

Mindfulness Approach and the Redefined Analysis Model of Conflict the Case Study of the Ukraine Conflict

To address the gaps in previous studies, this paper explores the integration of mindfulness approaches in understanding and tackling the Ukraine conflict. While existing research has predominantly focused on traditional theoretical frameworks like constructivism, neoliberalism, and realism, the potential insights offered by a mindfulness approach remain largely unexplored. This study aims to elucidate how mindfulness principles such as compassion, empathy, and non-judgmental awareness can offer valuable perspectives and effective strategies for resolving conflict and fostering peace in Ukraine. By critically analysing the complexities and dynamics of the conflict, the paper transforms the traditional ABC triangle of conflict into an expanded ABCM diamond of conflict, incorporating a mindfulness approach. Through expert interviews and an analysis of secondary data sources, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of conflict resolution techniques and offers novel approaches to addressing contemporary geopolitical challenges such as the Ukraine conflict.

Contribution of Janata Awash Grant for Poverty Reduction in Makwanpur, Nepal

This research paper deals with the Janata Awash Grant, a program resembling Universal Basic Income (UBI), implemented in Raksirang Rural Municipality of Makawanpur District in Nepal, which specifically focuses on poverty reduction, social justice, and inclusion for impoverished families. The main aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Janata Awash Grant (JAG) in reducing poverty and promoting social justice among the designated families. The research uses a mixed-method approach, employing an explanatory sequential research design, and utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. Forty households out of 200 grant recipients were randomly chosen for primary data collection. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted with selected representatives and informed beneficiaries to gather qualitative insights. The results indicate significant improvements in the economic status of recipient families, leading to a decrease in poverty rates and an overall enhancement in quality of life. Qualitative analysis highlights the broader societal and ethical impacts of receiving a guaranteed income, emphasizing the transformative potential of UBI beyond its monetary benefits.

Hilirisasi Nikel sebagai Nilai Tambah dalam Penguatan Perekonomian Indonesia

In addition to nickel used for export, the government currently requires the downstreaming of nickel in the country. In addition, the potential of nickel in Indonesia also plays a role in increasing state revenue investment, through smelter investment. Through the nickel export ban policy, the long-term continuity of raw nickel supply for domestic smelter needs is maintained. However, there are problems in the community due to the export ban that affects the selling price of nickel, especially affecting business activities. This paper discusses the extent of nickel downstream policies, the ban on nickel ore exports, the added value obtained and the obstacles faced. The research methods used are exploratory and descriptive methods, data collection for analysis purposes is obtained from various literature, regulations and legislation, media reports and various other relevant secondary data sources. The findings show that nickel downstreaming actually creates an additional impact on the nickel industry. value and pushing nickel prices in a positive direction so as to encourage investors to come to Indonesia so as to strengthen Indonesia's economy in a better direction.

Determining an Applicable Sample Size in Research Studies

Determining a proper sample size is a critical aspect of research design as it influences the reliability and validity of study findings. The key objective of writing this article is to suggest some rudimentary formulae, easy software tools and a general sample size table to determine an applicable sample size to be used in research studies. To attain this objective, relevant books and journal articles have been taken as the sources of secondary data. After a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding the sample size, this article concludes that the confidence level, the margin of error, the population size, and the population proportion statistically determine the sample size in quantitative research studies. Similarly, the nature of population, and types of research studies are the vital factors that confer us the basic idea about the sample size before computing the ideal or required sample size that homogeneous population and qualitative research studies generally require a smaller sample size, whereas heterogeneous population and quantitative research studies necessitate a larger sample size. Researchers, practitioners, and students will find this article valuable in guiding their decisions on sample size determination for robust and meaningful research outcomes.

Studi Literatur: Strategi Pengamanan Siber dalam Menghadapi Cyber Crime

In the current digital era, cybersecurity of data and information systems. The threat of attacks, or , is a form of threat that continues to grow along with advances in technology. This research aims to learn about cybersecurity strategies in dealing with . The method used in this research is a literature review. This journal was prepared based on an analysis of research results from various journals accessed through secondary data sources, namely the Google Scholar database, and e-resources from Springer, Cambridge, and Taylor and Francis. The research results show that implementing technology such as encryption, multifactor authentication, and user training, are some of the effective steps that have been proven to reduce risk. However, challenges in implementing this strategy remain, both from a technical and non-technical perspective, which require special attention from researchers and practitioners in the field of cyber security.

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Internationally Educated Nurses Associated With Successful Outcomes in Canada: Quantitative Analysis.

This article describes the sociodemographic characteristics of internationally educated nurses since the change in the registration examination in 2015. It aims to investigate the association between internationally educated nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and their successful integration into the nursing workforce in Canada. Cross-sectional and secondary data survey questions. This study adopts a cross-sectional and secondary data analysis, utilising data from IENs who engaged with internationally educated nurse initiatives such as the Creating Access to Regulated Employment Centre for Internationally Educated Nurses (CARE) or initiated the registration process with the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) in 2015 and after. There were 259 participants, with 155 participants from primary data collection and 104 participants from secondary data sources. Quantitative analysis reveals that most participants are females, under 40 years old, educated in English and hold at least a bachelor's degree in nursing, with 47.3% of internationally educated nurses migrated from India and the Philippines. Significant associations were identified between internationally educated nurses having CARE membership and the currency of nursing practice and their successful outcomes. Recognising and addressing the unique needs of IENs is essential for their successful integration into the Canadian healthcare workforce, thereby ensuring resilience and cultural competence in nursing for the future. This analysis highlights the impact of sociodemographic characteristics of internationally educated nurses on their successful outcomes and underscores the diversity and richness they bring to the healthcare landscape. Since internationally educated nurses continue to experience challenges while integrating into the Canadian nursing workforce, these findings have substantial implications for nursing policy, practice, professional development and research.

Causes and Effects of Academic Staff Turnover Intentions on Organizational Performance: Comparative Studies on Ambo and Haramaya Universities

The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the causes of academic staff turnover intentions and their impact on the performance of Ambo and Haramaya Universities. The study primarily focused on factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, compensation, work environment, and leadership style as determinants of academic staff turnover. A stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample population, while a convenience sampling technique was employed to collect data from the sample. Out of a total population of 1,672 academic staff members, a sample size of 143 was determined using Yamane's sampling formula. Of the 143 distributed questionnaires, 133 were returned, with 10 remaining uncollected. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized, with primary data gathered through questionnaires. The research was designed as a descriptive and explanatory study to both describe relevant statistical data and explain the causes and effects observed in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and numerical values, as well as inferential statistics, such as correlation analyses and multiple regression models. University performance was measured through various indicators, including stakeholder engagement and satisfaction, revenue generation from business entities, quality of education, research and community services, the expansion of universities with modern facilities, and the number of academic programs offered. The findings revealed that the causes of academic staff turnover have a positive relationship with university performance, while turnover itself has a negative relationship with university performance. This implies that if universities effectively manage the causes of academic staff turnover, their overall performance is likely to improve.

Increasing expenditures on home- and community-based services: Do home care workers benefit?

To examine the association of Medicaid home- and community-based services (HCBS) expenditures on the home care workforce. We use two national, secondary data sources from 2008 to 2019: state-level Medicaid HCBS expenditures and the American Community Survey, in which we identify direct care workers in the home (i.e., home care workers), defined as nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides or personal care aides working in home health care services, individual and family services, and private households. Our key explanatory variable is HCBS expenditures per state per year. To estimate the association between changes in Medicaid HCBS expenditures and the workforce size, hourly wages and hours worked, we use negative binomial, linear, and generalized ordered logit regression, respectively. All models include demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the number of potential HCBS beneficiaries (individuals with a disability and income under the federal maximum income eligibility limits), indicators for minimum wage and/or overtime protections for direct care workers, wage pass-through policies, and state and year fixed effects. We exclude states with incomplete reporting of expenditures. States' HCBS expenditures increased between 2008 and 2019 after adjusting for inflation and the number of potential HCBS beneficiaries. Yet, home care workers' wages remained stagnant at $11-12/h. We find no association between changes in Medicaid HCBS expenditures and wages. For every additional $1 million in Medicaid HCBS expenditures, the expected number of workers increases by 1.2 and the probability of working overtime increased (0.0015% points; p < 0.05). Results are largely robust under multiple sensitivity analyses. We find no evidence of a statistically significant relationship between changes in state-level changes in Medicaid HCBS expenditures and worker wages but do find a significant, but small, association with hours worked and workforce size.

Contextualizing Nasr's Sufism In Education In The Modern Era

This article examines Seyyed Hossein Nasr's thoughts on contextualizing Sufism in education in the modern era. Nasr views Sufism as the key to reviving traditional Islamic values that have long been forgotten. Nasr calls for the importance of education, which develops intellectually and cultivates the human soul and personality. This article uses a qualitative approach with a type of literature study, examining Nasr's works and related literature to explore his thoughts on Sufism and education. The data collection technique used is documentation study; primary sources are obtained from Nasr's works, such as books, journal articles, and his writings that discuss Sufism, education, and his thoughts on these topics. Secondary data sources come from other literature relevant to this research. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and hermeneutic analysis methods. The results show that contextualizing Sufism in education emphasizes the importance of spiritual and ethical values in the educational process. Nasr emphasized the need to instill transcendent values through the Sufi soul to overcome the secularization of knowledge and materialistic views in modern education

Legal Regime of the Settlement of Disputes Arising from a Contract of Multimodal Carriage of Goods within CEMAC Land lock Countries

CEMAC landlocked countries (specifically Chad and Central African Republic) depend solely on Cameroon who serves as a transit state for the transportation of goods to and from these landlocked countries. Thus, the entering into bilateral conventions helped to facilitate and create transit corridors for the transportation of goods amongst these countries. Meanwhile Cameroon which serves as a transit state to these landlocked countries has four modes of transport (road, rail, water and air), while Chad and Central African Republic have just two or three principal mode of transportation namely road, rail and air. However, these modes of transportation pose unique challenges, particularly in countries with limited infrastructure. Through doctrinal analysis of both primary and secondary sources of data, this article seeks to examine the legal framework in resolving disputes arising from contracts of multimodal carriage of goods available to landlocked countries of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). Our findings revealed that, the legal framework in resolving disputes arising from contracts of multimodal carriage of goods available to landlocked countries are not effectively implemented. As a result, some salient recommendations have been made to bridge the gap between theory and practice amongst these countries in general and Cameroon in particular.

African Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the Contemporary Era: A Historical Reflection in Sukuma Land, Tanzania

This paper examined the Sukuma indigenous knowledge systems, which have for centuries been practiced by the Sukuma people of Tanzania. The study identified the Sukuma indigenous knowledge systems practiced in the contemporary era in Sukumaland. The study used the Transformative Learning Theory as an analytical tool to learn the Sukuma indigenous knowledge systems. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Data was gathered from Sukuma Custodians of indigenous knowledge systems and Bujora Sukuma Museum Curator through interviews to identify and different Sukuma indigenous knowledge systems. Documentary review sources such as Sukuma history books, journal articles, research papers and online sources were also used to supplement other sources. Findings revealed that Sukuma people still embrace and practice their indigenous knowledge in various aspects of life, such as health, religious beliefs, leadership, environment, numerical and mathematics. Some of the recommendations are that African custodians of indigenous knowledge systems should continue retaining, practicing, valuing and handling over the Sukuma culture to the next generation for the welfare and sustainability of Africans.

Enabling and inhibiting factors of sustainability of Farmer's Producers Organisations in India

Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) are farmers' collectives or farmer-led business entities seeking to empower small and marginal farmers in India. Some farmer's collectives successfully achieve their goals and some often fail to meet the increasing demands in the agribusiness ecosystem. However, the academic literature glorifies the success studies of farmers' collectives. There are mentions of sustainability issues of farmers' collectives. However, not enough studies point to the factors that influence the organisational sustainability of farmers' collectives. Therefore, in this paper, the researchers aim to explore both the enabling and inhibiting factors of sustainability of farmer's collectives. A thematic synthesis process was applied to compile information from published literature. The study compiles enabling and inhibiting sustainability factors from 22 studies of FPOs. A qualitative approach using focused group discussion with farmers in FPO was completed to validate the findings from secondary data sources and collect empirical evidence directly from the farmers. The methodology guarantees inclusivity by collecting the voices of farmers through focused group discussion. Key enabling and inhibiting factors of sustainability of FPOs were categorized into economic, social, and environmental dimensions of organisational sustainability. In the economic dimension, improved agricultural income of farmers was reported as an enabling factor for sustainability, while some FPOs report capital shortage as a main hindrance for organisational sustainability in FPOs. The social dimension claims the collective bargaining power of members and effective capacity-building and collaboration opportunities as enabling factors. However, farmers highlight without good leadership strategies, and upskilling of farmers attaining sustainability is a mirage. Effective organisational activities like branding, marketing of products, access and awareness about capacity building were derived as the enabling factors in the environmental dimension of organisational sustainability, whereas, poor infrastructure lack of robust organisational structure, and climate change were termed as inhibiting factors. Understanding these sustainability factors can help policymakers to develop farmer-friendly collectives which enhance agriculture and food systems that will help achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1—Zero Poverty and SDG 2—End hunger.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH OF PREGNANT WOMEN BASED ON VISITS TO THE KEDATON BANDAR LAMPUNG HEALTH CENTER

Pregnancy brings many changes to the mother. If not handled properly, it can have a negative impact on the health of the mother and the baby she is carrying. For example, teeth that are not well cared for contain dangerous bacteria. Pregnancy brings many changes to the mother. If not handled properly, it can have a negative impact on the health of the mother and the baby she is carrying. For example, teeth that are not well cared for contain dangerous bacteria. This study aims to determine the relationship between dental and oral health in pregnant women based on visits to the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center. The research approach (type) used in the research is cross-sectional, where data regarding the independent variable and the dependent variable or consequences are collected at the same time. The types of data used are primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between dental and oral health in pregnant women based on visits to the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center. Dental hygiene or OHIS for pregnant women at the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Health Center was found to have good criteria, only 15 respondents out of 50 respondents. Periodontal tissue health in pregnant women at the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center was found to be in the healthy category for only 1 respondent out of 50 respondents. From this research it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge about dental and oral health, dental hygiene and periodontal tissue health in pregnant women. For this reason, community participation is needed to increase knowledge through health education so that they can get used to carrying out dental and oral care efforts, especially for pregnant women

The Influence Of Financial Performance, Audit Quality, Earnings Management On Tax Avoidance With Capital Intensity As A Moderating Variable

This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence on the influence of profitability on tax avoidance; the influence of leverage on tax avoidance; the influence of audit quality and earnings management on tax avoidance; the moderation effect of capital intensity on the relationship between profitability and tax avoidance; the moderation effect of capital intensity on the relationship between leverage and tax avoidance; and the moderation effect of capital intensity on the relationship between audit quality and earnings management with tax avoidance. The research methodology employed is quantitative. Secondary data sources consist of financial reports from companies in the infrastructure sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020-2022. The population comprises companies in the infrastructure sector, with a sample size of 111 selected using purposive sampling based on specified criteria. The research employs panel data regression analysis, with data processed using Eviews version 12. Partially, the study finds that ROA, leverage, and audit quality significantly influence tax avoidance, while earnings management does not significantly affect tax avoidance. Capital intensity strengthens the influence of ROA and earnings management on tax avoidance, while weakening the influence of leverage and audit quality on tax avoidance.

The Connection Between Literary Images and Visual Perception in Meditative Practice

The study of practice based on visualization and the role of visualization in shaping the outcomes of contemplative practice is an overlooked research niche. The aim of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the process that connects literary images and visual perception in relevant meditative practices. The key question is which elements contribute to forming this connection in contemplative practices like meditation. To gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics involved, the study employed a mix of primary and secondary data sources, along with analytical, descriptive, and phenomenological methods, drawing from an interdisciplinary approach that includes psychology, neuroscience, and literature. The following meditation practices were selected: contemplative meditation, creative visualization, koan meditation, imaginative meditation, creative workshops with haiku poetry as an outcome, and meditative storytelling. The identified elements in the connection between literary depictions and visual perception include mental imagery and visualization, cognitive processes, sensory processes, and emotional processes. The importance of literary techniques is particularly highlighted – using descriptive language with metaphors, similes, allegories, and other stylistic figures that create strong visual images. This connection has a neurological basis – neuroscience studies show that reading/listening to texts describing visual experiences activates brain areas involved in actual visual perception. This overlap suggests that the brain processes literary descriptions similarly to how it processes real visual stimuli. The connection between literary depictions and visual perception significantly enhances the quality of meditative practice and promotes deeper understanding and emotional-volitional engagement with the text and personal development of the meditators. Both secondary and primary data sources were used in the paper.