Secondary Data Sources Research Articles

Impact of urban productive safety net program on urban households' asset accumulation and food consumption rate in Dessie City, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Agriculture is the driver of economic growth in many developing countries like Ethiopia, where it often represents at least 25% of gross domestic product. But the quality and productivity of the land depends on the way agriculture is practiced. Better agricultural techniques are necessarily including Productive Safety net Program. Urban Productive Safety Net Program is designed to support the poor households and establish urban safety net mechanisms. While several studies have examined the effects of rural productive safety net programs, the outcomes of similar programs in urban areas are not well documented. This knowledge gap hinders the ability to effectively design and implement urban productive safety net programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of urban productive safety net program on asset accumulation and consumption rate in Dessie city. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. A total of 112 households were selected randomly among the public work Urban Productive Safety Net Program beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. Descriptive analysis, inferential statistics and econometric models were used for analysis. Based on the econometric estimation results the demographic and socio-economic variables such as education, access to credit, access to extension services and adult male labor force revealed positive relation to public work urban productive safety net program beneficiary and non-beneficiary household's asset accumulation and consumption. The impact of program participation was also found to be positive and significant for both home asset and community asset. While food and non-food consumption even the total consumption and food security status are also positive. Generally, the result indicated that, due to program participation beneficiary households have higher home asset and community asset and better consumption and food security status.

Fighting Inequality Through a Progressive Tax System for a Just Future in Tanzania

The problem of inequality is one of the economic problems that developing countries still face including Tanzania. This research therefore focuses on presenting the status and trends of inequality and the progressive tax system to pay for a just future in Tanzania. Research was anchored on the Ability-to-Pay Principle. The study was typically a desk research whereby it dwelled on analyzing and synthesizing large amounts of complex secondary data/information and literature concerning the issue of inequality in Tanzania. The target population for this study consists of secondary data sources, which included Peer-reviewed journal articles on taxation and inequality Government reports and taxation data from the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA). A purposive sampling methodology was employed to choose relevant studies and reports. This approach ascertained that only sources directly related to the research goals were included. The sample consisted of 20 sources, selected based on criteria such as: Year of publication. Content analysis was adopted in analyzing data to discover themes, patterns and trends related to progressive tax systems, income inequality reduction, and wealth distribution. Key variables such as tax policies, inequality measures (Gini coefficient), and wealth distribution patterns were extracted and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of progressive taxation in Tanzania. Findings revealed that while progressive taxes can be a remedy, the presence of large informal sectors, as in Tanzania, hinder their reach. Thus, while Tanzania’s progressive tax structure holds potential, more reforms are in need to boost implementation alongside widening the tax base. Further, the study concluded that there is little wealth-related taxation in Tanzania. Also, assets such as land ownership or financial assets are hardly/not taxed. The study recommended that given the situation, there is a great need to improve the tax collection with a focus on the existing tax base in Tanzania.

Stakeholders’ Opinion on Geotourism Characteristics of Hummanaya Destination, Sri Lanka

Geotourism is a niche market that contributes to sustaining and even enhancing the geographical characteristics of a territory, including the abiotic, biotic, and cultural (ABC) attributes of destinations. It uplifts the living standards of local communities and provides opportunities for visitors to understand and appreciate the natural environment and the existing culture of the geosites. The aim of this research was to evaluate the geotourism characteristics of the Hummanaya tourism destination based on stakeholders’ opinions and to investigate the extent to which stakeholders are committed to adhering to geotourism principles. Primary and secondary data sources were utilized to collect the necessary data for this study. For gathering primary data, key informant interviews and participatory observations were conducted in the field using a semi-structured questionnaire, with purposive sampling employed. Unpublished documents served as secondary data. Descriptive statistical analysis and narrative interpretation methods were used to analyze the collected data. The study was able to identify the extent to which geotourism stakeholders adhere to geotourism principles. Specifically, regarding the principles of integrity, community involvement, community benefits, and tourist satisfaction, the informants provided positive responses. The findings reveal that the destination is perceived by tourists as a fascinating and unique tourist attraction in Sri Lanka. Most tourists reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the tourist attractions, facilities, and services provided by local facilitators, indicating that the destination meets tourists’ expectations. However, a significant issue is whether other stakeholders are satisfied with geotourism's contributions to protecting the destination's ABC attributes and improving the socio-economic status of local communities. Negative responses were noted concerning principles such as evolution, market selectivity, interactive interpretation, and market diversity. Therefore, necessary measures must be taken to conserve and develop the destination as a geosite and geotourism site.

The Impact of Vaccination Programs on the Prevention of Infectious Disease Tuberculosis: A Case Study with Gasabo District in Rwanda

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remained a significant public health challenge globally, including in Gasabo District, Rwanda. Vaccination programs, particularly Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, played a crucial role in TB prevention. This study aimed to assess the impact of vaccination programs on TB prevention in Gasabo District, Rwanda, by analyzing vaccination coverage, TB incidence rates, demographic characteristics, and healthcare system factors.  Methods A retrospective cohort study design was employed, utilizing secondary data sources from healthcare facilities in Gasabo District. Data on vaccination coverage, TB incidence rates, demographic characteristics, and healthcare system factors were collected and analyzed. Statistical methods, including regression analysis and descriptive statistics, were used to assess the association between vaccination programs and TB prevention outcomes.  Findings The study found a significant association between BCG vaccination coverage and lower TB incidence rates in Gasabo District. Higher vaccination coverage was associated with reduced TB incidence rates, particularly among children. However, challenges such as incomplete vaccination data, potential confounding factors, and socio-economic disparities were identified. Despite these challenges, vaccination programs were found to be effective in reducing TB transmission and protecting vulnerable populations from TB infection.  Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of vaccination programs in TB prevention efforts in Gasabo District, Rwanda. Strengthening vaccination coverage, enhancing healthcare system capacity, addressing socio-economic determinants, fostering collaborations, promoting research and innovation, and strengthening surveillance and monitoring systems are essential for optimizing TB prevention efforts. By implementing these recommendations, we can accelerate progress towards ending the TB epidemic and improving public health outcomes in Gasabo District and beyond.

Assessment of Beekeeping Practice and Its Constraints in Cheha Woreda of Gurage Zone

The objective of this study was to assess the potential of beekeeping and its practice taking place, constraints affecting the beekeeping practice of the area. For this study, 20 households were selected randomly, with the total of 60 households. Both primary and secondary source of data was collected. The primary data were collected mainly from interviews and by observation, whereas secondary data were collected from Chaha Woreda Agricultural office. Further more, visits to the districts were taken to gather relevant information for the study prior to actual survey. The results of this study show that, out of the respondents, 51 were male headed households whereas the rest 9 households were female headed. Majority of household in the area was from 20-60 years old indicating that, active working force is dominant in the study area. In relation to educational level, 20% of the respondents were illiterate and the remaining had got at least basic education quantitatively, 18.33%, 28.33% and 13.33% of the respondents had attended elementary school, secondary and high school, respectively. Beekeeping is an ancient farming activity and practiced as a side line with other farm activities. Based on the type of hives and management practiced, three types of beekeeping are yet visible in the area. There was no significant variation in proportion of hives among the study kebeles. <i>However, Sisenamati, which was lower in number of transitional hive, has shown relatively high potential with modern hive followed by warden. Adoshe was better in potential of transitional hive but has lower number of modern hive. </i>Out of householders, 53.4%, 30.6%, 9.4% and 6.6% state that they have place traditional hive under the roof of the house, hanging on trees, inside the house and back yard respectively.

The Rutgers Integrated Care Evaluation (RICE) Research Framework: An Innovative and Rigorous Set of Methods to Evaluate Integrated Care Programs.

Integrated care programs that prioritize comprehensive service delivery for behavioural health and medical conditions have the potential to improve patient outcomes. Few programs, however, use data-driven methods to guide program evaluation and implementation, limiting their effectiveness, as well as the scope of findings in the research literature. To address these gaps, we describe an innovative and rigorous evaluative research framework: the Rutgers Integrated Care Evaluation (RICE) Research Framework, designed to be tailorable across conditions and care settings. The RICE Research Framework is guided by two core concepts: (1) an approach built on engaging as equal partners and (2) data source triangulation. For the former, the approach relies on multiple teams (Project, Clinical Site, Evaluation, and Consumer) working in collaboration. While teams have specific roles, all teams engage frequently as equal partners to facilitate performance and advance research deliverables. For the latter, we provide a template with recommended primary and secondary data sources with areas of focus, applicable methods, and samples. These sources, when used in combination, can guide implementation, advance replicability, develop/refine health care programs, and foster dissemination of scientific findings. We recommend clinicians and scientists implement the RICE Research Framework to enhance their integrated care programs.

Making inroads in the Indian AI imaging market

Research methodology This case study involves interviews with radiologists of various hospitals and with company personnel. Both primary and secondary data sources have been used. The first-hand perspective from the radiologists highlighted the challenges they face concerning time and the patient load. The company personnel highlighted using machine learning for used cases to make the platform more robust and accurate. This case has been tested with MBA students. Case overview/synopsis An emerging health-care artificial intelligence (AI) start-up, DeepTek.AI, wants to expand its reach in the radiology market. The company intends to leverage technology to assist radiologists in diagnostics. India's health-care sector faces the challenge of needing more trained doctors and nurses to meet the ever-increasing needs of patients. This case study revolves around the radiologists' concerns about implementing the new technology and its ease of use. The features and benefits of integrating AI in diagnostics are the need of the hour, but the reliability of results needs to be ascertained for adopting it. Complexity academic level This case was written for marketing applications and practices, trends in marketing, marketing strategy and technology adoption in marketing courses at the post-graduate level. Consumer adoption of finance, hospitality, travel and health-care technology is vital for increasing the company's market share and growth prospects. The students will have an opportunity to understand the challenges and the opportunities.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, MANAJEMEN LABA DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN TERUTANG

This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure, earnings management, and operating costs on corporate income tax payable, This type of research is quantitative research with secondary data sources. The sample of this study was 23 companies with 5 years of observation obtained by purposive sampling method, so that the total sample obtained was 115 samples. The results showed partial hypothesis calculation that the capital structure variable and earnings management had no significant effect on corporate income tax payable, while the operating cost variable had a significant effect on corporate income tax payable. The results of this study simultaneously show that the variables of capital structure, earnings management and operating costs simultaneously affect corporate income tax payable. This research is expected to provide benefits in contributing to the development of theories regarding the effect of capital structure, earnings management, and operational costs on corporate income tax payable.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Intensitas Modal dan Intensitas Persediaan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak

This research aims to analyze the influence of Company Size, Capital Intensity, Inventory Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. This type of research is quantitative with secondary data sources. The population in this research is industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2022. The sample selection method used in this research was purposive sampling so that the final sample obtained was 12 companies. The analysis technique used in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The research results show that simultaneously the variables Company Size, Capital Intensity, Inventory Intensity influence Tax Aggressiveness. Then partially it shows that Company Size, Capital Intensity, Inventory Intensity do not have a significant effect on Tax Aggressiveness

Perceptions of Individual Taxpayers towards Tax Avoidance: A Case Study of Cuttack District of Odisha

The primary and major source of revenue of any government is collection from the tax. The amount of tax revenue is expensed for the welfare of the public. Various provisions are laid down in the Income Tax Act, of 1961 for the levy and collection of tax. The taxpayers have to take the benefits of loopholes of the provisions for the reduction of tax burden and it is called Tax Avoidance which is a legal action. Ultimately, tax avoidance reduces the sources of revenue of the government. This paper attempts to study the perception of the individual taxpayers towards Tax Avoidance in Odisha. This study is based on both the primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data has been collected and compiled from the responses of 100 numbers of individual taxpayers. The secondary data have been collected and compiled from the various ancillary sources such as magazines, periodicals, journals, and some apparent websites. The data collected from these sources have been categorized and tabularized as per the necessities of the current study. There are various statistical and mathematical tools and techniques like the Chi-square test, percentage, trend Analysis, and Likert scale have been applied for the exploration and understanding of results. The present paper shows that a huge number of taxpayers or people are considering payment of taxes as a load in spite of the amount of tax is very less. The average perception of individual taxpayers differs significantly among different groups of the selected demographic and financial variables. The perception of individual taxpayers toward Tax Avoidance shows the adverse impact on the economic development of the country.

Anti-Corruption Efforts in Regional Police Departments: The Role of Regional Inspectorate Supervision Based on Justice Values

This study explores how effective oversight can enhance the utilization of state apparatus for achieving good and clean governance, specifically focusing on the role of regional inspectorates in preventing corruption within regional police departments. The study aims to: 1) analyze why current regulations regarding the regional inspectorate's role in corruption prevention are not based on justice values; 2) identify challenges in these regulations; and 3) propose a reconstruction of the regulations to align with justice values. Using a constructivist paradigm, a socio-legal approach, and descriptive research methods, the study relies on secondary data sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection is conducted through a literature review, and qualitative analysis is employed for data interpretation. The findings reveal that the current regulation is not justice-aligned due to the supervisory function of the Regional Inspectorate (Itwasda) being under the authority of the Regional Police Chief (Kapolda), rather than the National Police Chief (Kapolri). This structure limits the effectiveness of oversight and suggests the need for a direct reporting line to National Police Chief. Challenges in the existing framework include a lack of specific legal guidelines governing the inspectorate's role in corruption prevention and insufficient synergy between organizational sections and Supervision Inspectorate. Furthermore, there is a cultural reluctance to report corruption. The study proposes reconstructing the regulation to ensure a justice-based framework, including normative revisions to relevant laws and regulations, such as Law No. 20 of 2001 on the Amendment of Law No. 31 of 1999 on Corruption Eradication, and Indonesian National Police Regulation No. 14 of 2018. This reconstruction aims to establish a clearer, more effective oversight mechanism that enhances the inspectorate's role in corruption prevention.

Housebuilding, land, and structural power: the case of mortgage market support schemes in England

Abstract Housing is a critical part of every state’s infrastructure. However, in most advanced economies the state no longer builds very much of it, leaving it instead to private housebuilders. Because of their control over the supply of land, and the barriers to entry into the housebuilding industry, private housebuilders have potentially major structural power over the state. At the same time, private housebuilders are also tied to their land, and face other barriers to exit, thus limiting their ability to relocate capital elsewhere. Drawing on a range of secondary data sources, including earnings calls transcripts, annual reports and government policy documents, this paper demonstrates how the three largest volume housebuilders in England leveraged their structural power to shape the mortgage market support schemes that were introduced in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. These schemes have since underpinned their exceptional levels of profitability. We conclude, though, that far from being an absolute resource, this structural power was only enabled by the prevailing neoliberal, home-owning Anglo-liberal ‘growth model’ in which these housebuilders were embedded.

Project governance: the impact of environmental changes on governance adaptations in large-scale projects

PurposeThe performance of large-scale projects is often challenged due to major environmental changes that occur during their life. However, literature has paid little attention to the governance adaptations required to respond effectively to these changes. This paper aims to study changes in the project environment over time, the corresponding governance adaptations and their impact on project performance.Design/methodology/approachTo ensure triangulation between two sources of evidence, we used both primary and secondary data sources and examined 14 projects through 2 studies, the first focused on seven documented, illustrative case projects and the second on interviews with senior and project managers involved in seven additional projects.FindingsWe found the key environmental changes that should trigger appropriate governance adaptations to be market evolutions, technological advancements and sociopolitical events. However, we also found that these necessary governance adaptations are not commonly implemented timely, sufficiently or effectively.Originality/valueThe paper distills the dynamics of large-scale projects in achieving project effectiveness and raises theoretical propositions on the combination of environmental changes and deficient governance adaptations that, over time, turns efficient projects into ineffective projects and discusses implications for theory and practice.

The Barrier Factors of Social Empowerment Through Business Assistance as A Challenge in Realizing the Concept of Utilitarianism

This study aims to analyze the barrier factors of social empowerment through business assistance in Bontonompo District as a challenge in realizing the concept of utilitarianism. Type of the research was an empirical legal research through a sociological juridical approach. The research location is in Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The data sources used consist of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Primary data sources include interviews, questionnaires, and direct field observations. Secondary data sources are obtained from documents and scientific journals. The research uses descriptive quantitative analysis by projecting the collected data. The research results show that the barrier factors of social empowerment through business assistance include legal, law enforcement, infrastructure, community, and cultural factors. Therefore, the government must ensure that social empowerment through business assistance is oriented toward community self-reliance, resulting in an improved standard of living as a manifestation of the concept of utilitarianism.

The concept of internet rights policy in Indonesia: A comparison from United States, European Union and Malaysia

The regulatory framework related to internet access is one of the criteria that influences a country’s level of digital competitiveness. Valuable lessons need to be learned from countries that have a better level of digital competitiveness than Indonesia. This article proposes a concept for regulating internet access rights in Indonesia in the era of digital transformation to increase Indonesia's digital competitiveness. Research methods used are analytic normatiques with a normative- based approach that USES secondary data sources of legislation, legal theories, principles of law and opinions by scholars. Research shows that there is a correlation between the framework's regulatory levels as a sub-grading factor with a country's final digital competitiveness rating so that a legal certainty can determine a country's digital competitiveness level. Indonesia has, to date, almost no certainty of the law. In contrast with countries in the United States, the European Union, and Malaysia, which already have clear, unequivocal legislation and regulation that govern Internet privileges.

EI & AI In Leadership and How It Can Affect Future Leaders

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine how the integration of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in leadership can enhance leadership effectiveness and influence the development of future leaders. Design / Method / Approach: The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study utilizes secondary data sources, including scholarly articles, industry reports, and empirical studies, to analyze the interaction between EI and AI in leadership settings. Findings: The findings reveal that the integration of EI and AI significantly improves decision-making, strategic planning, talent management, and communication within organizations. Leaders who leverage both EI and AI experience higher employee satisfaction, improved team performance, and enhanced organizational outcomes. Theoretical Implications: This study contributes to leadership theory by introducing a novel framework that demonstrates the complementary roles of EI and AI in leadership. Practical Implications: The research offers practical guidelines for leadership development, emphasizing the need for future leaders to integrate EI and AI skills in order to navigate complex business environments successfully. Originality / Value: The paper provides an original framework for the integration of EI and AI in leadership, offering new insights into how these two elements can work together to improve leadership effectiveness. Research Limitations / Future Research: Future research should further explore the empirical impact of EI and AI integration in various industries and leadership levels to generalize findings across broader contexts. Paper Type: Conceptual JEL Classification: D83, M12, M15, L21, O33

Corporate Governance Attributes and Sustainability of Selected Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

The sustainability of an organization means a lot, for it guarantees social responsibility, financial savings, preservation of resources, reduction of waste, and environmental protection. Kenya's commercial State Corporations face instances of mismanagement, financial improprieties, and inadequate disclosure and have expressed concerns regarding the sustainability and efficacy of these institutions. Specifically, this investigation sought to address these issues by examining the link between corporate governance characteristics and the viability of commercial state corporations in Kenya. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of board members' occupational expertise, board committee meetings, board tenure and board size on the sustainability of commercial state corporations in Kenya. The research can be pegged on 5 major theories, which encompass the Triple Bottom Line Model, Agency Theory, Stakeholders Theory, and Resource Dependence Theory. The Explanatory research design and research design were used in the research. Panel regression analysis was the chosen empirical model, considering the panel data nature of the research. The audited financial reports of the five firms served as the source of secondary data using a data collection schedule guide. Census was utilized because the target population of five commercial state corporations was below the central limit theorem threshold of the normal population. Diagnostic tests for the study were multicollinearity, normality, stationarity, heteroscedasticity, and the Hausman specification test, which were conducted to ensure the sturdiness of the results. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis involves means and standard deviations, while inferential analysis utilizes panel regression analysis. Finally, the data analysis output was presented using tables. The study further concluded that the coefficient for board committee meetings was not significant, suggesting that meeting frequency does not significantly affect sustainability. Board tenure demonstrated a significant positive impact on sustainability, while board size also showed a significant positive effect. In an increasingly dynamic business environment, commercial state corporations should embrace innovation and adaptation to remain resilient and sustainable. This may involve leveraging emerging technologies, exploring new business models, and anticipating and responding to evolving market trends and regulatory requirements. Boards should encourage a culture of innovation and agility to drive long-term value creation and competitiveness.

Pengaruh Trend Halal Lifestyle dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Perilaku Belanja Mahasiswa

This study explores the impact of the halal lifestyle trend and lifestyle on the shopping behavior of students at the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business (FEBI), UIN SYAHADA Padangsidimpuan. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 96 respondents, and the analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. The results of the study, as determined through partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) analyses, reveal that the halal lifestyle trend does not significantly affect students' shopping behavior. On the other hand, the lifestyle variable demonstrates a positive and significant influence on students' shopping behavior. The combined effect of both the halal lifestyle trend and lifestyle is found to be positively and significantly correlated with the shopping behavior of FEBI UIN SYAHADA Padangsidimpuan students. In conclusion, the presence of the halal lifestyle trend does not result in an increase in students' expenditures or shopping behavior. However, lifestyle choices significantly impact students' shopping behavior, with higher lifestyle preferences leading to increased shopping activities.

Perception of Implementing a Green Building Rating System for Energy Savings in Nigeria’s Construction Projects Industry

A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that assesses a building's environmental performance throughout its life cycle. It includes criteria addressing various aspects of design, construction, and operation. This study reviews existing research on green building rating systems, aiming to establish their applicability for energy saving in Nigeria, identify obstacles to implementation, and determine the necessary factors for successful adoption. The study is analytical, relying on secondary data sources such as published articles, books, and websites. Additionally, the paper highlights the potential benefits for Nigeria in developing its own green building rating system. By doing so, Nigeria can align with global efforts to create sustainable built environments and develop effective strategies for energy efficiency and environmental stewardship. The study recommends awareness programs, educational talks, and government policies to promote the implementation of green building rating systems in Nigeria based on the analysis conducted.

KEDUDUKAN BANTUAN HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA

Every citizen has the same position, before the law without exception which includes the right to be defended (access to legal counsel), treated equality before the law, justice for all (justice for all). In order to seek justice, it is often only able to be accessed by those who have a high level of education and the middle to upper economic status. Recognizing that the inability of human and economic resources makes it impossible to make the process of seeking justice for underprivileged people, the term legal assistance in the Judicial System in Indonesia has emerged. The right to obtain legal assistance is a fundamental or basic right for someone who faces a legal problem, because obtaining legal assistance is one form of access to justice for those who face legal problems. This paper will discuss the state's obligations in providing legal assistance to suspects or defendants in the Criminal Justice System and the position of legal assistance in the Criminal Justice System. The method used in this paper is normative legal research, with secondary data sources consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Then the data is analyzed by qualitative analysis. The obligation of the state to provide legal assistance to citizens who face legal problems, because legal aid is a constitutional right of citizens. Legal assistance in the Criminal Justice System has a very important role in achieving a fair trial process. The Government has issued Law No. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid, so that it can be implemented optimally to fulfill constitutional rights for the poor or needy to achieve a fair trial process.