Expansion Of Scope Research Articles

Designing Iranian hospital organizational charts: Global comparisons.

Hospitals should have effective and efficient organizational charts to face the changing healthcare environment. Thus, for this purpose, the present study seeks to compile an organizational chart for Iranian hospitals. The present study was conducted in two phase overview and qualitative (using focus group discussion). In the overview phase, the organizational charts of hospitals were analyzed in terms of complexity (i.e., degree of horizontal and vertical separations), and the initial hospital organizational chart was developed based on the results. Subsequently, experts were interviewed in a focus group discussion to finalize and validate the initial organizational chart. The final organizational chart was designed to contain features such as internal divisions, specialization, reduction of organizational hierarchies, expansion of supervision scope, and moderate-sized organizational pyramid. Using designed organizational chart would eliminate the redundant managerial levels since it reduces organizational hierarchies to two levels of management, expands the supervision scopes, fosters a moderate-sized organizational pyramid, and catalyzes communications.

Multiprofessional Survey on the Role and Impact of Medical Associate Professions in the NHS

Background: With the global scarcity of the healthcare workforce, innovations in healthcare professional (HCP) roles include the model introduced in the 1960s in the USA of medical associate professionals (MAPs). Since 2003 in the UK, MAPs had a scope of practice defined by local employers. In 2024, the UK Parliament passed a resolution to bring the MAPs under regulation by the General Medical Council. However, multidisciplinary team and public awareness of MAPs have come under scrutiny, due to uncertainties around roles, unmonitored expansion of scope of practice, patient safety concerns, and competition for jobs and training with doctors. There is a need for rigour in exploring the opinions of the whole spectrum of HCPs, especially locally employed doctors (LEDs), Specialty and Associate Specialities (SAS) and international medical graduates (IMGs) who not only make up a large cohort of doctors in the UK but work closely with MAPs and support their prescribing and ordering investigations functions. Aim: Designed by a multi-professional working group, an online survey of HCPs was conducted to explore the role of MAPs in patient care, and how workforce plans around the roles align with the roles, responsibilities, and training of doctors. Findings: A total of 583 responses were collected which included consultants (43%), postgraduate doctors in training, General Practitioners, LEDs, IMGs (75%), nurses, and allied health professionals. Role: 53% of respondents were uncertain of the specific role of MAPs within the team; 43% agreed primary roles of MAPs involved delivering specific, well-defined skill-based services, reducing workload (20%), and providing continuity (19%). 89% emphasised the importance of a clear distinction between the roles of doctors and MAPs. Patient Safety: 77% agreed that MAPs currently may pose a risk to patient safety. 89% recognised the risk associated with MAPs working beyond their scope. 69% agreed with the need for a competency framework for MAPs. Supervision: 75% expressed concerns about the increased clinical risk and burden faced by doctors in supervisory roles. Impact on Doctors: 69% reported reduced job prospects and 67% reduced training opportunities. Regulation: 74% agreed with regulation by an independent regulator, not the GMC. Free text: The analysis of free-text comments revealed a predominantly negative sentiment regarding the role of MAPs. Concerns about patient safety, lack of proper training, additional workload implications for doctors, the potential for misrepresentation, the erosion of training opportunities for doctors, the risk of scope creep, and confusion among patients. Conclusion: Innovation in healthcare professional roles and functions is key to supporting the human resource shortage in health systems. The results of this survey from Multiprofessional respondents including IMGs, suggest that caution is required in how roles are positioned to the public, to avoid blurred lines of responsibility or interchange between professional roles, and to avoid confusion and consequent risk to the public. MAPs need a robust national framework of competencies, an independent regulator for licensing, and support doctors but not compete for resources, jobs, and training opportunities.

Integrated Embedded system for detecting diabetes mellitus using various machine learning techniques


 INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study, titled ”Integrated System for Detecting Diabetes Mellitus using Various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms,” is to increase the precision and usability of diabetes diagnosis through the investigation and application of a wide range of machine learning and deep learning techniques.
 OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to establish a comprehensive system for identifying diabetes mellitus by combining several machine learning and deep learning methods
 METHODS: The methodology included every phase, from data gathering and preprocessing through advanced model development and performance assessment. The experiment demonstrated how combining several machine learning and deep learning techniques might completely transform diabetes detection. While praising accomplishments, the methodology also highlighted flaws in the data collection process. The goal of the roadmap for future improvements was to use technology to better detect and treat diabetes, which would ultimately help people of all ages and backgrounds.
 RESULTS: The project’s remarkable results demonstrate the legitimacy of the methodology chosen while also highlighting its potential to completely transform the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes
 CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this project lays the ground for next developments, such as improved user interfaces and the expansion of dataset scope. Through these initiatives, the long-term objective of providing more precise and accessible diabetes diagnoses becomes a real possibility, providing significant advantages to people from a variety of age groups and demographics[6].

The Influence of Knowledge Management and Green Innovation on the Environmental Performance of MSMEs in Malang City: A Study of the Laundry Sector

Improving business management by incorporating environmental considerations has become a critical aspect of ensuring business continuity. Environmental performance serves as an analytical tool for assessing the characteristics of business operations within a specific ecological context. Paying attention to environmental concerns, such as effective waste management practices and the development of environmentally friendly products, is pivotal for business success, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in chemical-intensive production processes. This study aims to investigate the role of knowledge management in fostering environmental performance and further explore the mediating effect of green innovation on this relationship. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research collected data from 150 MSMEs in Malang City known to generate chemical waste, during the period of July to September, employing purposive sampling techniques. The findings of this study corroborate previous research indicating that robust knowledge management practices and proactive green innovation efforts significantly contribute to enhancing environmental performance. However, the analysis reveals that green innovation only partially mediates the relationship between knowledge management and environmental performance, suggesting avenues for further exploration in future research endeavors. Moreover, diversification in the selection of industries, expansion of research scopes, consideration of business scale variations, and exploration of additional relevant variables are deemed essential for advancing future research in this domain.

The Transformative Trajectory for Nigeria in the Aftermath of Joining the African Continental Free Trade Agreement.

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) is a significant initiative aimed at promoting economic integration among 54 African nations. This article examines the historical context, challenges, and achievements of the AfCFTA, including tariff reductions, trade in goods and services, intellectual property rights, and free movement of persons. It also highlights the challenges faced by African economies, such as low industrialization and limited access to finance. The article proposes strategic solutions, such as infrastructure development and regulatory harmonization, to address these issues. The AfCFTA has created the world's largest free trade area, promoted trade in services, and attracted foreign investment. The article highlights its resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and acknowledges its transformative potential in shaping Africa's economic future. Future prospects include scope expansion, regional integration, digitalization, and sustainable growth. Keywords: Global trade, AfCFTA, Regional Trade, Trade block

Неологизмы – названия профессий в русском языке: системный и функциональный аспекты

The article presents the results of the analysis on neologisms denoting professions (including colloquial and/or representing collocations) obtained through a survey of native speakers of the Russian language, using the method of distributive semantics (RusVectores service) and the language model with artificial intelligence ChatGPT. All three methods for identifying neologisms – the names of professions – were evaluated and compared, both in quantitative terms and in terms of content. The most effective was a survey of native speakers of the Russian language; the least effective was the method of distributive semantics (RusVectores service). Extralinguistic factors in the emergence of new job titles are identified: the appearance of new and intensive development of existing professional fields, their diversification, the influence of another language on professional usage, the need for prestigious modern titles of existing jobs. An active addition of neologisms to a group of vocabulary in the areas of creating and disseminating information and helping practices has been revealed, where the blurring of the boundaries of existing jobs leads to an expansion of the semantic scope of existing job titles, and a large number of designations for narrow specialists appear. For titles of jobs not related to these areas, new synonyms appear less actively. The area associated with information processing is characterized by semantic shifts in the titles already used in the language. Despite the fact that neologisms-borrowings are common in the sphere of profession nomination, they are often replaced by original synonyms, or such synonyms successfully compete with borrowings.

Prescriptive Authority for Direct Entry Midwives in Washington State: Increasing Client Access to Contraception.

Improving health and achieving health equity includes access to sexual and reproductive health care for all populations, especially those most in need. However, access to life-saving and life-affirming contraception with an individual's chosen perinatal provider can be impeded by restrictive regulations that limit scope and practice authority. This is especially true for the majority of community and direct entry midwives in the United States who have historically been unable to legally provide effective contraceptive methods. Recently, licensed midwives in Washington state were the first in the nation to achieve prescriptive authority, enabling their clients to directly obtain contraception and access to medications for common prenatal and postpartum conditions. Sustained advocacy efforts in the state's capitol enabled the Midwives' Association of Washington State to build relationships over time with legislators and government agencies to achieve this long-term goal. We present a successful midwifery-led innovation that achieved scope expansion for licensed midwives whose practice authority was limited by restrictive laws. Lessons learned are described and strategies offered to aid midwives and their advocates in other locales who want to improve health equity and access to contraception. Midwives are well positioned to provide this essential care to individuals living in underserved rural and urban areas and those from historically marginalized communities, but their ability to do so is limited by restrictive legislation.

Legal Regulation of Invasive Alien Species from the Perspective of Ecological Safety

The invasion of alien species has had a serious impact on China's ecological security, socio-economic development, and public health. Effectively preventing the invasion of alien species legally is a major challenge facing China. However, China still faces difficulties in the legal regulation of invasive species. This paper proposes the establishment of legislative objectives for ecological security, the creation of a catalog of alien species, the expansion of inspection and quarantine scope, and the optimization of risk assessment institutions by summarizing the experiences of relevant legal systems at home and abroad.

Gas-Phase Alcoholysis of Benzylic Halides in the Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Source.

The present study investigates the gas-phase alcoholysis reaction of benzylic halides under atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) conditions. The APCI corona discharge is used to initiate the novel reaction, which is monitored by ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS). The model compound α,α,α-trifluorotoluene is applied to observe the cascade methoxylation reaction during the +APCI-MS analysis, resulting in the formation of [PhC(OCH3)2]+. Based on the results of isotopic labeling and substrate expansion experiments, an addition-elimination mechanism is proposed: initially, the reaction was initiated by the dissociation of fluorine from PhCF3 under APCI condition, leading to the formation of [PhCF2]+; subsequently, two methanol molecules nucleophilicly attack [PhCF2]+ stepwisely, accompanied by the elimination of HF, yielding the product ion [PhC(OCH3)2]+. The proposed mechanism was further corroborated by theoretical calculations. The results of substrate scope expansion experiments suggest that this in-source reaction has the potential to differentiate the positional isomers of alcohols and phenols.

Legal Regulation of the Collection of Personal Health Information Under Public Health Emergencies

As a subordinate concept of personal information, personal health information has its unique connotations due to its unique nature, but as a result of the epidemic, its meaning has been extended. Currently, the collection of personal health information is fraught with scattered legislation, legislation of lower level, and practice problem, including doubtful qualifications, expansion of scope, and disordered methods. At the legislative level, it is necessary to formulate special chapter provisions, revise the next law, and increase the sunset provisions; in practice, it is necessary to define subjects’ responsibility, assess the scope according to the law, enhance information sharing, and strengthen relief procedures to build a comprehensive legal supervision system for personal health information collection.

A silylboronate-mediated strategy for cross-coupling of alkyl fluorides with aryl alkanes: mechanistic insights and scope expansion.

The construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds is pivotal in organic synthesis; however, traditional methods involving alkyl halides are often limited by substrate tolerance and bond dissociation energies, particularly with alkyl fluorides. Herein, we report a silylboronate-mediated cross-coupling strategy that circumvents these challenges, enabling the efficient formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds between alkyl fluorides and aryl alkanes under mild conditions. Various alkyl fluorides have also been effectively utilized, demonstrating the versatility and broad applicability of this approach. The use of diglyme is critical for this transformation which encapsulates potassium cations and enhances the reaction efficiency. Conventional alkyl halides, including chlorides, bromides, and iodides, are also suitable for this transformation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted on the silylboronate-mediated coupling reactions for the first time. Interestingly, while experimental results suggest a radical mechanism, DFT calculations indicate a preference for an ionic pathway.

The Effect of Expansion of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice on Early COVID-19 Deaths

The Effect of Expansion of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice on Early COVID-19 Deaths

Radical hydroboration for the synthesis of organoboron compounds.

Organoboron compounds demonstrate diverse applications in the fields of organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. Compared to the conventional hydroboration reaction, radical hydroboration serves as an alternative approach for the synthesis of organoborons via different mechanisms. In radical hydroboration, a boryl radical is initially generated from homolytic cleavage of a B-H or a B-B bond, which is then added to an unsaturated double bond to deliver a carbon radical. Subsequent hydrogen atom transfer or reduction of the carbon radical to form a carbanion followed by protonation gave the final product. Over the past few years, numerous efforts have been made for efficient synthesis of boryl radicals and the expansion of substrate scope of the radical hydroboration reaction. Here, we discuss the recent advancement of radical hydroboration and its associated mechanisms. Numerous radical hydroboration strategies employing N-heterocyclic carbene borane, bis(pinacolato)diboron and pinacolborane as the boron source were illustrated. Thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical strategies for the generation of boryl radicals were also discussed in detail.

Iron-catalysed intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination of alkyl azides.

Iron-catalysed intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination of alkyl azides (N3R, R = alkyl) via the iron-alkylnitrene/alkylimido (Fe(NR)) intermediate, is an appealing synthetic approach for the synthesis of various N-heterocycles. This approach provides a direct atom-economy strategy for constructing C(sp3)-N bonds, with nitrogen gas as the only by-product and iron is a biocompatible, cheap, and earth-abundant metal. However, C(sp3)-H amination with alkyl azides is challenging because alkyl nitrenes readily undergo 1,2-hydride migration to imines. This article summarizes recent major advances in this field in terms of catalyst design, substrate scope expansion, stereoselectivity control, understanding of key reaction intermediates, and applications in the synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals.

CONTROLLING AS A COMPONENT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

The subject of the research is the study of controlling as an integral part of project management in agricultural production. Methodology. The study used general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalisation; methods of analysis and synthesis; statistical analysis; graphical method (for visual display of the study results). The article presents results of substantiation of expediency of application of controlling in management of agricultural production projects. Сonclusion. Project management controlling is an essential tool for achieving success and sustainability in the implementation of projects, carrying out systematic planning, control and analysis of economic activities at the level of the entire organisation. The cooperation between controlling and project management is crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency of projects, and the implementation of controlling is a strategic step to achieve common strategic goals and increase the sustainability of the activity. Project management in agriculture requires specific approaches, and controlling is vital to achieving successful results. The key aspects of controlling are financial monitoring, adaptation to seasonality and project cycles, quality and standards monitoring, risk management and consideration of environmental approaches. Five key elements of project management controlling in the agricultural sector determine the effectiveness of project implementation. The schedule allows for accurate resource planning and control over project execution. Effective resource management helps to stay within the budget, risk analysis helps to avoid negative impacts, change control prevents unexpected expansion of the project scope, and measuring performance against critical indicators allows to evaluate project performance. The system of controlling is manifested in the union of all subsystems and blocks of controlling, where their interaction is aimed at the strategic goals of the company. This approach takes into account the importance of system integration and alignment with strategic goals for successful business management.

Contextual Intelligence and Strategic Leadership of Telecommunication Companies in the South-South Region of Nigeria

The expansion of the operational scope of a business informs the need to exercise diligence and sensitivity to the nature and demands of the operational contexts both local and international. Hence, the investigation into the influence of contextual intelligence on strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in the south-south region of Nigeria with foci on Rivers and Akwa Ibom States. Quantitative and correlational design was adopted. Four (4) telecommunication companies viz: MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9Mobile selected based on their subscribers’ base and market share standing out of nine (9) major ones listed in the methodology constituted the population. Sixty nine (69) copies of the questionnaire accounting for 93% response rate were fully completed and used in the study out of seventy four (74) copies administered to senior staff and above obtained using Taro Yamene’s sample size determination technique from a population of ninety (90) respondents. Primary data were obtained from questionnaire. The findings showed that the four (4) hypotheses formulated around the dimensions of contextual intelligence comprising tacit-based knowledge, synchronicity and time orientations have significant influences on measures of strategic leadership made up of strategic direction and balanced organisational controls. The conclusion showed that contextual intelligence significantly influences strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States of the South-South region of Nigeria. The managements of telecommunication companies in these two States of South-South region of Nigeria were recommended to leverage contextual intelligence to better and enhance strategic leadership in their respective operational contexts.

International legal cases enhancing the scope of environmental protection

International jurisprudence has a crucial role in the development of international environmental law. There is a close relationship between legal cases and environmental protection in international environmental law. Legal cases address contemporary problems and include new legal principles and rules of international law that can develop the scope (principles, structures and implementation) of environmental protection. In this perspective, judgments, advisory opinions and decisions of the international courts and tribunals, especially the International Court of Justice, have shown that State sovereignty has always been a limitation of the global expansion of environmental protection scope. Moving from absolute State sovereignty to the rule-based equitable and reasonable use of land could be an excellent opportunity to develop this legal field. Environmental protection emerged in the Trail Smelter case of 1941 as an earlier environmental dispute which resulted in the development of the environmental protection concept in other legal cases. Based on selected cases in international environmental law, the research attempts to analyze three stages of the emergence, enhancement and evolution of the environmental protection principle.

Layered Double Hydroxides as an Intercalation System for Hydrophobic Molecules.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems due to their favorable characteristics, including biocompatibility, high loading efficiency, and pH-responsive release. However, the current research predominantly focuses on LDHs as carriers for various anionic drugs, while there are only limited reports on LDHs as carriers for hydrophobic drugs. In this study, we successfully achieved the loading of a hydrophobic drug mimic, Nile red (NR), into LDHs using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an intermediate storage medium. Furthermore, we optimized the experimental methods and varied the SDS/NR molar ratio to optimize this intercalation system. With an increase in the SDS/NR molar ratio from 2/1 to 32/1, the loading efficiency of LDH-SDS-NR for NR initially increased from 1.32% for LDH-SDS-NR_2/1 to 4.46% for LDH-SDS-NR_8/1. Then, the loading efficiency slightly decreased to 3.64% for LDH-SDS-NR_16.8/1, but then increased again to 6.31% for LDH-SDS-NR_32/1. We believe that the established method and the obtained results in this study broaden the application scope of LDHs as delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs and contribute to the further expansion of the application scope of LDHs.

Recent Progress Toward Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene.

Despite that extensive efforts have been dedicated to the search for advanced catalysts to boost the electrocatalytic nitrobenzene reduction reaction (eNBRR), its progress is severely hampered by the limited understanding of the relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Herein, this review aims to bridge such a gap by first analyzing the eNBRR pathway to present the main influential factors, such as electrolyte feature, applied potential, and catalyst structure. Then, the recent advancements in catalyst design for eNBRR are comprehensively summarized, particularly about the impacts of chemical composition, morphology, and crystal facets on regulating the local microenvironment, electron and mass transport for boosting catalytic performance. Finally, the future research of eNBRR is also proposed from the perspectives of performance enhancement, expansion of product scope, in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism, and acceleration of the industrialization process through the integration of upstream and downstream technologies.

Disability Employment in the Hospitality Industry: A Systematic Literature Review

The hospitality industry employs people with disabilities; however, as an emerging research area, little is known about the antecedents, experience, and consequences of disability employment in the sector. To address this gap, this article provides a systematic literature review of the peer-reviewed literature to improve the understanding of the employment of people with disability in the hospitality sector. This review analyzes papers published between 1990 and 2021 reporting on organizational programs established to increase the recruitment and retention of employees with disabilities. This resulted in 36 papers for systematic review analysis and answers three essential questions regarding employer initiatives to promote the employment of people with disabilities, barriers and facilitators to the employment of people with disabilities, and benefits and challenges of employing people with disabilities in the hospitality sector. Our review provides a conceptual framework that integrates the present body of literature. This review also identifies a future research agenda for the future study of disability employment in hospitality organizations by outlining five gaps in the literature, which include theoretical rigor, expansion of disability employment research scope, country context, methodological improvement, and disability diversity management.