Expansion Of Scope Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Classification Models for Predicting Cancer Stage in a Chilean Cancer Center

This study aimed to develop a predictive model for cancer stage using data from a Chilean cancer registry. Several factors, including cancer type, patient age, medical history, and time delay between diagnosis and treatment, were examined to determine their association with cancer stage. Multiple supervised multi-class classification methods were tested, and the best-performing models were identified. The results showed that the random forest, SVM polynomial, and composite models performed well across different stages, although distinguishing between Stages II and III was more challenging. The most important features for predicting cancer stage were found to be cancer type, TNM variables, and diagnostic extension. Variables related to treatment timing and sequence also showed some importance. It was emphasized that the results of predictive models should be interpreted carefully to avoid overprediction or underprediction. Clinical context and additional information should be considered to enhance the accuracy of predictions. The small dataset and limitations in data availability posed challenges in accurately predicting cancer stage for different cancer types. Implementing the predictive model can have various benefits, including informing treatment decisions, assessing disease severity, and optimizing resource allocation. Further research and expansion of the model's scope were recommended to improve its performance and impact. Overall, the study emphasized the potential of predictive models in cancer staging and highlighted the need for ongoing advancements in this field

Kinetic and thermodynamic control of C(sp2)-H activation enables site-selective borylation.

Catalysts that distinguish between electronically distinct carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds without relying on steric effects or directing groups are challenging to design. In this work, cobalt precatalysts supported by N-alkyl-imidazole-substituted pyridine dicarbene (ACNC) pincer ligands are described that enable undirected, remote borylation of fluoroaromatics and expansion of scope to include electron-rich arenes, pyridines, and tri- and difluoromethoxylated arenes, thereby addressing one of the major limitations of first-row transition metal C-H functionalization catalysts. Mechanistic studies established a kinetic preference for C-H bond activation at the meta-position despite cobalt-aryl complexes resulting from ortho C-H activation being thermodynamically preferred. Switchable site selectivity in C-H borylation as a function of the boron reagent was thereby preliminarily demonstrated using a single precatalyst.

Socioeconomic health and the scope of dental practice

Objectives: This study was an increase and decrease of the dental scope of practice during times of peace, relating to the poverty rate, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and during times of public health emergency (SARS-COV-2 [COVID-19]). Dominant prior research suggests that a correlation is seen between the expansion of the dental scope of practice relating to natural disasters and public health emergencies. Materials and Methods: No evident prior data were found relating the scope of practice in relation to poverty rate and GDP growth. Analytical methods used include the composition of data with regard to biases or outliers present with statistical errors. Results: Major findings of the study suggest that dental scope of practice is increased as the poverty rate climbs higher in the United States. Findings also suggest the prime expansion of dentistry in states that have experienced substantial GDP growth in the past 5 years. Data also show that states with a larger urbanization index have better overall oral health. Conclusion: The agreement between the research shows and suggests that the practice of dentistry is expanded at times when Dentists are needed for their expertise and skills.

Collateral policy of the central bank and corporate financing costs: Evidence from China

This paper proposes a model of collateral policy to study the impact of the expansion of collateral scope by central banks on corporate financing costs. Based on the theoretical model and a quasi-natural experiment in China, this paper empirically tests the effect of the expansion of the collateral scope for Medium-Term Lending Facility (MLF) by the People's Bank of China on corporate financing costs. We find that this loosening of collateral policy in China can significantly reduce the credit spreads for enterprises by 45 bps and the loan financing costs for micro and small enterprises by 71 bps, respectively. After a series of robust tests, the impact of the loose collateral policy on corporate financing costs remains significant statistically and economically.

Why can’t we be friends? The manufactured fear of pharmacist “scope creep”

The American Medical Association has engaged in a longitudinal campaign against “scope creep” in other health care professions, characterized as a threat to patient safety. Arguments made by the organization regarding the lack of training and ability of pharmacists to engage in services beyond dispensing fail to accurately characterize our value. The expansion of pharmacist scope of practice has support across much of the health care community and is further reinforced by ample scientific evidence. In addition, already existing models of expanded scope are available in many states and several other countries. Now, more than ever, professional organizations within medicine and pharmacy should focus their efforts on solving a myriad of pressing issues for health care workers and patients, as opposed to engaging in turf battles.

Land–Water–Energy Coupling System and Low-Carbon Policy Simulation: A Case Study of Nanjing, China

Global climate change produces large amounts of CO2, and carbon emission reduction has become a global hot topic. As a key city in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Nanjing plays a significant representative role in the process of achieving the “double carbon” goals. In this paper, a land–water–energy coupling system was established and urban carbon emissions were estimated. Through the SD model, the future urban carbon emissions were predicted under the adjustment of different land, water and energy consumption scenarios. We studied the relationship between urban carbon emissions and the land–water–energy coupling system, and whether Nanjing can achieve carbon neutralization in 2060 under conditions of natural development. The results show that urban carbon emissions in Nanjing have reached a peak in 2018, but low carbon measures are still needed for Nanjing to achieve its goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. Specific measures include increasing investment in technological innovation, expansion of the application scope of clean energy, reasonably planning land use structure, water conservation and wastewater utilization and the application of advanced carbon utilization technology. The results in this paper can serve as a reference for other cities and provide guidance for future urban planning and decision making.

SOCIO-LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE DIGITIZATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is intended to determine the features of the state language during the process of digitization in the public social life of the citizens of Kazakhstan. Digitization of Kazakhstan is going on intensively. The rapid development of IT technology has made changes to the structure of the language. In this regard, the article considers the social, political, and economic reasons for determining the peculiarities of the Kazakh language in the field of digital technology. Language units collected from texts on social networks, state portals, media channels, business platforms were taken as materials of the article. Socio-linguistic methods were used in the article: the method of external observation on field research, the method of synchronous analysis in modeling the features of language in society, general linguistic methods (description, analysis, systematization). The current state of the Kazakh language was described using the method of external observation, the sociolinguistic phenomena that occurred in the linguistic situation of the Kazakh language in a heterogeneous linguistic environment (linguistic situation, language conflict, mixing of languages, bilingualism, multilingualism, language choice, recognition of language status, etc. ) was determined. It has been proven that the use of IT technology and digital system products contributes to the expansion of the functional scope of the Kazakh language. Although the "Digital Kazakhstan" program is not directly related to the implementation of the language policy of the state, it was determined that it had a positive effect on the development of the state language.

Complete and Effective Data Protection

Abstract Data protection law is often invoked as the first line of defence against data-related interferences with fundamental rights. As societal activity has increasingly taken on a digital component, the scope of application of the law has expanded. Data protection has been labelled ‘the law of everything’. While this expansion of material scope to absorb the impact of socio-technical changes on human rights appears justified, less critical attention has been paid to the questions of to whom the law should apply and in what circumstances. The Court of Justice has justified an expansive interpretation of the personal scope of the law in order to ensure ‘effective and complete’ data protection for individuals. This article argues that the attempt to make the protection offered by the law more ‘complete’ risks jeopardising its practical effectiveness and raises doubts about the soundness of the regulatory approach to data protection. In the quest for effective and complete protection, it seems that something must give.

Advances in heterogeneous single-cluster catalysis.

Heterogeneous single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) comprising atomically precise and isolated metal clusters stabilized on appropriately chosen supports offer exciting prospects for enabling novel chemical reactions owing to their broad structural diversity with unparalled opportunities for engineering their properties. Although the pioneering work revealed intriguing performance trends of size-selected metal clusters deposited on supports, synthetic and analytical challenges hindered a thorough understanding of surface chemistry under realistic conditions. This Review underscores the importance of considering the cluster environment in SCCs, encompassing the development of robust metal-support interactions, precise control over the ligand sphere, the influence of reaction media and dynamic behaviour, to uncover new reactivities. Through examples, we illustrate the criticality of tailoring the entire catalytic ensemble in SCCs to achieve stable and selective performance with practically relevant metal coverages. This expansion in application scope transcends from model reactions to complex and technically relevant reactions. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on the opportunities and future directions for SCC design within this rapidly evolving field.

Seismic Identification and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristics of Submarine Fan in offshore Suriname

In recent years, oil and gas fields have been continuously discovered in the Suriname-Guyana Basin of South Atlantic, the reservoir of which is submarine turbidite sandstone and become one of the hot exploration objectives in the world. Based on the interpretation and analysis of 2D seismic and well data, this paper presents the integrated geological and geophysical evaluation of the Suriname-Guyana basin within Suriname and describes the identification characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation process of submarine fan in offshore Suriname. The tectonic evolution of this region can be divided into four stages, breakup of Pangea, intracontinental rift, regional uplift and drifting over the South Atlantic. The Upper Cretaceous marks the transition of a transgressive to a regressive system with increasing sediment input from the south west, creating a broad delta plain environment across the shallow offshore area. It has been confirmed that multi-stage submarine fans have developed from Upper Cretaceous to Neogene in offshore Suriname, with overlapping characteristics of multiple erosive surfaces. It is suggested that erosive surface forming local unconformity is the important identification mark of submarine fan. Among them, the Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous submarine fans are the most widely distributed and have the most obvious characteristics on seismic profiles. The bottom of the Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous fans are identified by the erosive surfaces. The fan root has obvious characteristics of cutting valley, forming inter-bedded with the deep-sea facies toward the outer fan, along with litho-logic granularity thinning and scope expansion. The distal parts of the submarine fan are surrounded by abyssal shale, which can form a good source, reservoir and cap configuration. Therefore, turbidite fan sandstone with good source rock and cap configuration is the favorable reservoir.

Recent Approaches in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Chalcogenative Heteroannulation of Alkenes and Alkynes

Organochalcogen-bearing heterocycles are important scaffolds in compounds under the spotlight of scientific interest in optoelectronic fields and for biological applications. The use of transition metals has been a versatile and reliable way to carry out the synthesis of these molecules efficiently, delivering products in high yields and with a wide functional diversity. In the last 10 years, many classes of heterocycles have been synthesized under the cyclization reaction of acyclic alkenes and alkynes with the incorporation of a chalcogen atom on its structure. Transition metal catalysts including Cu, Co, Pd, Ni, In, Ag, and Fe salts have been used in the development of new methodologies, the expansion of substrate scope, and mechanistic studies. This review provides an overview of these recent approaches with the aim of being a useful resource for interested researchers in this area.

RADAR: Building a FAIR and Community Tailored Research Data Repository

The research data repository RADAR is designed to support the secure management, archiving, publication and dissemination of digital research data from completed scientific studies and projects. Developed as a collaborative project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (2013-2016), the system is operated by FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure - and currently serves as a generic cloud service for about 20 universities and non-university research institutions. Since its launch, RADAR has witnessed significant changes in the landscape of research data repositories and the evolving needs of researchers, research communities and institutions. In our presentation within the “Enabling RDM” Track, we will show how RADAR is responding to these dynamic changes. In order to create a sufficiently large user base for the sustainable operation of the system, we have moved RADAR away from its previous single focus on a discipline-agnostic cloud service and towards a demand-driven functional optimisation. In 2021, we introduced an additional operating model for institutions (RADAR Local), where we operate a separate RADAR instance locally at the institution site exclusively using the institutional IT-infrastructure. In 2022 we opened up RADAR to new target groups with community-specific service offerings, in particular in the context of the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI). Beside the expansion of the functional scope, our ongoing development work focuses also on strengthening the system's support for the FAIR principles [1] and the concepts of FAIR Digital Objects (FDO) [2] and Schema.org. Our presentation will outline recent RADAR developments and achievements as well as future plans thus providing solutions and synergy potential for the scientific community and for other service providers.

A branch-and-price method for a two-echelon location routing problem with recommended satellites

In city logistics, the two-echelon location routing problem is crucial in coordinating resources and radiating nodes, enabling the efficient planning of relay stations and vehicle distribution routes. However, with the expansion of distribution scopes and changes in urban development, fixed relay stations may not be able to adapt to the evolving network demand structure, leading to reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a two-echelon location routing problem with recommended satellites (2E-LRPRS) to address this issue. These satellites are chosen from the customer set and can be reoptimized to enhance the network's adaptability. A mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is formulated to minimize the distribution cost of the two-echelon network. To solve this problem, a column-generation algorithm (CG) is proposed, which decomposes the original problem into a linear relaxation main problem and a series of two-stage shortest-path subproblems with resource constraints. The branch-and-pricing algorithm (B&P) is then designed to obtain the integer solution. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed B&P is significantly more efficient and effective than the MILP solver - Cplex. Furthermore, by selecting relay stations from customers, the recommended satellites can be flexibly adjusted based on the locations and demands of distribution customers, leading to an average operating cost savings of 8.43%.

(Invited) Recent Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolysis Research Advances in the Hydrogen from Next-Generation Electrolyzers of Water (H2NEW) Consortium

The H2NEW consortium is a Department of Energy (DOE)-Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Office (HFTO) funded effort with a vision to enable $2/kg hydrogen production by 2025 through large-scale production of hydrogen by either low-temperature electrolysis (LTE) or high-temperature electrolysis (HTE). The H2NEW consortia was established in October 2020 and has seen a recent increase in emphasis and expansion of scope with the passage of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) and the focus on a Clean Hydrogen Electrolysis Program, a $1B commitment over 5 years from the US government. This has resulted in a series of workshops, supported by members of H2NEW, on topics relevant to electrolysis including liquid alkaline electrolysis,[1] high temperature electrolysis,[2] and manufacturing and advanced materials for polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers.[3]H2NEW focuses on better understanding the cost, performance, and durability tradeoffs of electrolysis systems through an increased understanding of the factors that contribute to these metrics. This includes the impact of operating conditions, materials selection, and component design and integration. Techno-economic and system analysis help provide guidance for the primary components of interest based on cost and trade-offs associated with electricity prices as they relate to hydrogen levelized costs. The consortium has a focus on durability without compromising efficiency while dramatically reducing costs.While the efforts of H2NEW have historically covered polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and oxide ion conducting solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC), recently these efforts have expanded to also include liquid alkaline electrolysis. An overview of the scope of H2NEW and analysis efforts that relate to all electrolysis technologies will be highlighted in this talk, but a focus will be placed on scientific advances made in PEM technology. For example, H2NEW has made significant progress in the areas of anode stability including investigations of operating strategies and Ir stability under various operating conditions; quantification of performance metrics including hydrogen crossover under operation; processing of inks and electrodes; and development and characterization of porous transport layers. These topics and highlights of research advances will be presented.AcknowledgementsThis presentation is a summary of the research efforts of numerous H2NEW researchers. See h2new.energy.gov for a comprehensive list of the researchers contributing to this work. This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office under the auspices of the Electrocatalysis Consortium (ElectroCat). Argonne National Laboratory is managed for the U.S Department of Energy by the University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, also under contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357.References energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/advanced-liquid-alkaline-electrolysis-experts-meetingenergy.gov/eere/fuelcells/us-department-energy-high-temperature-electrolysis-hte-manufacturing-workshopenergy.gov/eere/fuelcells/h2-amp-hydrogen-shot-workshop-advanced-materials-pem-electrolyzers

Development and maturation of the occupational health services research field in the United States over the past 25 years: Challenges and opportunities for the future.

Work is an important social determinant of health; unfortunately, work-related injuries remain prevalent, can have devastating impact on worker health, and can impose heavy economic burdens on workers and society. Occupational health services research (OHSR) underpins occupational health services policy and practice, focusing on health determinants, health services, healthcare delivery, and health systems affecting workers. The field of OHSR has undergone tremendous expansion in both definition and scope over the past 25 years. In this commentary, focusing on the US, we document the historical development and evolution of OHSR as a research field, describe current doctoral-level OHSR training, and discuss challenges and opportunities for the OHSR field. We also propose an updated definition for the OHSR field: Research and evaluation related to the determinants of worker health and well-being; to occupational injury and illness prevention and surveillance; to healthcare, health programs, and health policy affecting workers; and to the organization, access, quality, outcomes, and costs of occupational health services and related health systems. Researchers trained in OHSR are essential contributors to improvements in healthcare, health systems, and policy and programs to improve worker health and productivity, as well as equity and justice in job and employment conditions. We look forward to the continued growth of OHSR as a field and to the expansion of OHSR academic training opportunities.

Somatic Human Rights – the Result of the Legal Regulation Scope Expansion?

The processes of formation and further consolidation of human rights, including somatic ones, presuppose their initial existence in the form of legal claims. The relationship between somatic legal claims and the expansion of the scope of legal regulation has a complex dialectical character. The emergence of certain legal claims and their further consolidation as subjective rights is not always the result of expanding the scope of legal regulation. All somatic claims can be divided into three groups according to their relationship with the sphere of legal regulation. The first group is somatic legal claims, which appeared as the result of the expansion of the scope of legal regulation, due to scientific and technological progress, giving rise to qualitatively new forms of social relations, including those directly affecting the legal status of the individual in society and the state. The second group is somatic legal claims, which are the result of a change in the vision of the sphere of legal regulation, due to the development of human civilization and the change in moral, ethical and value dominants in society. The third group is legal claims arising from social relations that do not have a legal nature, as the result of the designation of which an artificial expansion of the scope of legal regulation is possible. The moral and ethical component that accompanies the somatic claims of a person complicates the processes of their formal consolidation and causes the lack of a unified approach to the legal regulation of these issues, due to the historical, religious, mental features of the individual societies and states development. Each state in the transition of somatic legal claims to the normative legal form of subjective rights must consider them from the point of view of their compliance with the criterion of moral correctness. Responsibility for making such decisions, together with the state, should be assumed by society, by using of deliberative procedures in the process of law formation.

A Study on the Expansion of the Application Scope of Article 2(1) of the Civil Law

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of extending the scope of application of the principle of good faith stipulated in Civil Law and to suggest a reasonable plan. The principle of good faith, as an abstract ethical and moral norm, is the formative basis of law that embodies the content of individual legal norms. And as a living law that supplements and corrects the deficiencies of the existing legal system, it is a very important principle that plays various roles throughout civil law. However, since the specific details have not been finalized, it is true that the interpretation of the law or the expansion of the scope of application depend on the judgment. In addition, while many Supreme Court precedents that expand the scope of application of the principle of good faith have appeared recently, there is a voice of criticism that it cannot only harm legal stability but also make lawyers more vulnerable. Therefore, in this study, the concept of the principle of good faith, which is the guiding ideology of Civil Law, was comprehensively examined, as well as comparative legal review and problems resulting from the expansion of application by recent precedents. And, In terms of applying the principle of good faith, it was derived and suggested that it is desirable to exclude the application as much as possible when there are individual provisions in civil law and other laws and apply it when a just conclusion has not been drawn.

Sustainable land management policy to address land degradation: linking old forest management practices in Senegal with new REDD+ requirements

Prior to the UN Policy framework REDD+, the Government of Senegal (GoS) initiated for many decades, important land management programs to address deforestation and land degradation which affects the country’s food production, ecosystem benefits and livelihoods. A lot of investment and policies have been implemented in various ecologies to improve tree cover and ecosystem services. Reviewing and analyzing the past and present tree recovery actions that are consistent with REDD + policy, this paper explores the way REDD + initiative could play a role in consolidating land management strategies in non-forested area. We use a method based on the wide range of experience of the Senegalese Forest Service, forest development projects and NGOs involved in the management of natural resources and a review of seven selected forestry projects/programs through the country, We found many opportunities for Senegal in implementing REDD + activities (e.g., tree plantation, agroforestry, bush fires management, soil erosion control, sustainable intensification, ecosystem (carbon) and socio-economic (livelihoods) services, etc.). Based on the lessons learned from early land restoration and management projects, the REDD + program could take stock from existing tools and frameworks to advance the agenda and leap in the country’s preparedness as a REDD + country. For that, the national context dictates an expansion of REDD scope 5 (enhancement of forest carbon stock) to AFOLU and afforestation/reforestation and trees outside of forest, which means moving REDD + from LULUCF to AFOLU. The GoS needs to address two (02) key areas: 1) the land ownership issue by pursuing the land tenure reform and integrate regulations about who has access to land, who can benefit from land use services and how the benefits sharing and carbon rights must be organized and; 2) the promotion of more engagement of local communities in forest resource management through community forestry and the sustainable practices of agriculture, forestry and agroforestry.

Key Problems and Countermeasures in CO2 Flooding and Storage

AbstractBased on literature research in combination with the practice of CO2 flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield, this study assesses the key problems in CO2 flooding and storage, proposing the corresponding countermeasures from five aspects of CO2 gas source condition, namely geological condition evaluation, scheme design incoordination with other production methods, economic and effectiveness evaluation, together with dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation. The results show that CO2 flooding is the most economic and effective CO2 storage method. In eastern China, inorganic origin CO2 gas reservoirs are widely developed and are especially the most enriched in the Paleozoic carbonate rock strata and the Cenozoic Paleogene–Neogene system, which provide a rich resource base for CO2 flooding and storage. In the future, CO2 generated in the industrial field will become the main gas source of CO2 flooding and storage. The evaluation of geological conditions of oil and gas reservoirs is the basis for the potential evaluation, planning scheme design and implementation of CO2 flooding and storage. CO2 storage should be below the depth of 800 m, the CO2 flooding and storage effects in low‐permeability oil reservoirs being the best. CO2 geological storage mechanisms primarily consist of tectonic geological storage, bound gas storage, dissolution storage, mineralization storage, hydrodynamic storage and coalbed adsorption storage. The practice of CO2 flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield demonstratesthat the oil increment by CO2 flooding is at least 24% higher than by conventional water flooding. The most critical factor determining the success or failure of CO2 flooding and storage is economic effectiveness, which needs to be explored from two aspects: the method and technology innovation along with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policy support. After CO2 is injected into the reservoir, it will react with the reservoir and fluid, the problem of CO2 recovery or overflow will occur, so the dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation of CO2 flooding and storage are very important. This study is of great significance to the expansion of the application scope of CO2 flooding and storage and future scientific planning and deployment.

Analysis on the differences in information dissemination laws between online and offline social networks

Social networks are ubiquitous, which has been one of the important topics of many scholars. With the rapid development of information technology in recent years, people's social platforms are not limited to offline, and online social networks have gradually become an indispensable part of our lives. However, there is still a lack of research on the differences between online and offline social networks. Therefore, this paper probes into the differences between online and offline social network information dissemination by collecting data from online and offline double-layer coupled networks, and comparing and analyzing the data. Research shows that there are some differences between online and offline social networks in the law of information dissemination, which will have a certain impact on real life. Therefore, three suggestions are put forward: 1. At the initial stage of promotion, there are few audience groups, so offline methods can be adopted. With the expansion of information dissemination scope, gradually turning to online promotion, the best promotion effect will be achieved at the fastest speed. 2. The speed and effect of information dissemination can't be ignored for people who have no value in social network information dissemination. 3. Based on the complexity of the public opinion information dissemination network, users need to constantly cultivate their ability to identify information, the management of major social platforms earnestly perform their regulatory responsibilities, and the relevant functional departments of the government gradually establish a public opinion guidance mechanism. If joint efforts can be formed, the public opinion prevention and control effect will be more significant.