Scientific Research Institute Research Articles

과학기술계 정부출연연구기관 거버넌스의 적정성 연구: 연구회 체제를 중심으로

과학기술계 정부출연연구기관 거버넌스의 적정성 연구: 연구회 체제를 중심으로

Modern Library Potential as Science Popularizer: Inquiry Results of SB RAS Scientists

The objective of the article is to present the results of a study of scientists’ attitude to communication between science and society by means of libraries. The working method of the study was an online questionnaire of academic specialists of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) research institutes. Data collection took place in early 2023. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, divided into four thematic blocks: 1) the main science popularizers in Russia (researchers’ opinion); 2) participation of SB RAS research institutes in communication with society and the most important directions of this activity; 3) attitude of scientists to necessity of interaction with society aimed at popularization of science; 4) attitude of scientists to libraries as science and society communication participants including science popularization. Basing on the data obtained, Siberian scientists appear to be, in general, positive about libraries as popularizers of domestic science and technology achievements. However, they consider scientists themselves and media the main actors in this field, as well as scientific societies, research and educational institutions, museums and professional science communicators. A number of respondents noted low attendance of libraries, their archaic and closed nature, and lack of sufficient competence of library specialists to promote science at a high level. Nevertheless, most of the researchers highly appreciated library as a full-fledged science and society communication participant. Many SB RAS scientists have experience of cooperation with libraries, such as, for example, reading popular science lectures and preparing exhibitions. The survey showed that researchers are not well aware of the activities and opportunities of modern libraries, therefore library institutions are invited to be active in building effective interaction with science and society.

Administrative coercion as the method for providing state defense order

Using the logical and semantic method the purpose of the research was to reveal the essence of administrative coercion as a method of ensuring the state defense order. In the results of the research the article defines administrative coercion as the method of ensuring the order of defense of the state in the system of legal and administrative measures to assert compliance with the duties and requirements related to the implementation of the studied institution. In terms of practical significance, it is established that administrative coercion is aimed at ensuring the smooth, efficient and operational functioning of the military-industrial complex and other important sectors providing production, supply and development of military equipment, as well as scientific research institutes and organizations engaged in the development of new technologies for defense needs. It is concluded that administrative coercion is an important and necessary method in the process of ensuring Ukraine’s security and defense capabilities, as it allows controlling the production and supply of strategically important goods and services.

Research on the Relationship between Pure Mathematics and Mathematics ResearchLevel in Institutions Based on ERA and InCites

The main purpose of this study is to explore the internal relationship between pure mathematics and mathematics research level in institutions, utilizingPython to perform correlation analysis in four areas: total number of publications, funding, journals, and cooperative institutions. Besides, Kruskal Wallis test is used for single factor analysis. The findings reveal that the higher the ranking of scientific research institutions, the more positive correlation between the research level of mathematics and pure mathematics. Moreover, the higher the level of mathematics, the greater the impact of the number of pure mathematics publications and the number of international cooperative publications on their mathematics subject ranking. Finally, we offer five practical recommendations for research institutions wishing to improve the level of pure mathematics research.

The Moderating Role of Education in The Corruption- Ease of Doing Business Nexus: Evidence from CEE Countries

This paper aims to investigate the impact of education factors on the relationship between corruption and the Ease of doing business in Central and Eastern Europe. We employed a regression analysis using panel data from 20 CEE countries between 2010 and 2017. Our findings argue that the impact of the perceived levels of public sector corruption on the Ease of doing business score is accentuated when a society is characterized by a higher level of quality of education systems and management schools, a better collaboration university-industry in the field of research, and a higher quality of scientific research institutions.

Из фондов Музея антропологии МГУ. Фотографии народов Северного Кавказа в экспозиции Антропологической выставки 1879 года: карачаевцы

Introduction. This publication is the second in a series of articles devoted to the description of the collection of photographs of representatives of the peoples of the Kuban region, and is devoted to the study of a part of the collection, including photographs of Karachays. Materials and methods. The basis of the work was a collection of photographs collected by E.D. Felitsyn (1848-1903), presented by him at the Anthropological Exhibition of 1879 in Moscow and kept in the funds of Anuchin Scientific Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Results and discussion. Photographs of the Karachays of the Batalpashinsky district (now the village of Batalpashinsky - the city of Cherkessk) are described and analyzed. Of these: two photographs of children (8 years old), four photographs of men (19, 37, 70 и 72 years old) and one photograph of a woman (57 years old). The authorship of the studied images has been established. All of them belong to the Russian photographer, the owner of one of the very first photo workshops in Tiflis, Vladimir Barkanov (1826-1892). A description is given of one of the famous dynasties of Karachay - the Krymshamkhalov princes, whose representative is depicted in the picture of the studied photo collection. A summary of literary anthropological information about the Karachavians of this period is presented. Conclusion. The presented materials are unique, have scientific, historical and documentary value and significance, allowing to determine the authenticity of the person depicted in the photo, and its dynasty, as well as to obtain a lot of information about the typical realities of the depicted era, in particular, the features of his life, costumes, customs, environment habitats, as well as the implementation of a comparative anthropological and historical and cultural analysis. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

Digital Pathology for Analyzing Endomyocardial Biopsy Specimens

Introduction: Visual assessment of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens may result in errors due to the human factor and inability to obtain quantitative data on the intensity of immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions and severity of pathological changes in the heart transplant. Detailed digital characterization of EMB specimens based on automated or semi-automated computer-assisted morphometry improves the diagnostic accuracy of EMB. Objective: To develop a method of and algorithms for digital computer-assisted analysis of EMB specimens to quantify pathomorphological and immunophenotypic changes in the myocardium of patients with various types and grades of heart transplant rejection. Materials and methods: We studied 257 EMB specimens from 56 heart transplant recipients at Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation). Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We used the streptavidin-biotin method to determine the CD68 expression and computer-assisted morphometry of digital images to measure the area of pathological changes and CD68 expression. Results: When developing a method for computer-assisted analysis of EMB specimens, we proposed a new evaluation criterion: staining area coefficient (%) that is a ratio of the total stained area to the total section area. We created and field-tested algorithms for digital morphometric analysis to assess the intensity of IHC reactions and to identify the relative area of pathological changes in the EBM specimens. Conclusions: New digital criteria for diagnosing heart transplant rejections are to improve the accuracy of EMB results interpretation, but can also be used for analyzing other biopsy specimens.

Explore China's stakeholders in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in deep seabed areas: Identification, challenges and prospects

The exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in the international seabed area is conducive to alleviate the global resource crisis. However, these activities are facing huge challenges due to the extreme difficulty, high risk and cost, and unpredictable impact on the deep-sea environment. With the method of literature analysis and social network analysis, this article studies the roles and challenges of different participants in deep-sea activities in China, and put forward suggestions to optimize the functions of stakeholders. Key findings demonstrate that Chinese managers, deep sea mining companies, scientific research institutions, the International Seabed Authority and International non-governmental organizations are the major stakeholders engaging in deep-sea activities of China; the challenges faced by different stakeholders mainly come from three aspects: Law, environmental protection and technology. Finally, recommendations are proposed to promote the sustainable development of deep-sea activities in China based on the aforementioned three aspects.

Study of Particular Air Quality and Meteorological Parameters at a Construction Site

The construction industry is a major contributor to dust, greenhouse gases, and other air pollutants. Implementing effective and sustainable practices in managing construction site operations can greatly mitigate the environmental effects of a project. To achieve this, a collaboration between a scientific research institution and a construction company enabled the real-time monitoring of air quality parameters at a construction site using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. They implemented an IoT-based system framework that integrated a distributed sensor network to collect real-time data from the construction site. Various sensors were utilized to gather data on the concentration of NO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), as well as meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, humidity, pressure, and temperature. The real-time measurements yielded insights into the level of air pollution at the construction site and its association with earth excavation, the primary construction activity. This information can be utilized to manage excavation work and reduce the levels of polluting gases (NO2) and suspended particles. By conducting an on-site monitoring of these three pollutants, the study discovered that the dust levels resulting from excavation activities were relatively high. When comparing the wind direction with NO2 and PM concentrations, it was concluded that earth excavation significantly influenced the air quality in the construction area. However, in terms of the primary factors affecting NO2 and construction dust concentrations, the analysis revealed that meteorological factors did not exhibit a significant correlation with NO2 and dust levels at the construction site. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and the artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 concentration in air using meteorological parameters as predictors were applied. The ANN model showed greater accordance with the measured concentrations in air than the MLR model.

Publishing Activities of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants

Since 2014, agricultural and medical scientific institutions, previously been a part of the specialized agricultural and medical academies of sciences are under the scientific and methodological guidance of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Among them is the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (VNIIP – FSC VIEV), named after K. I. Skryabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko.Special attention in its scientific research is devoted to the study of formation and functioning patterns of parasitic systems; to the development of theoretical foundations to prevent parasitic diseases in livestock animals and plants, and to the improvement and implementation of integrated systems for protecting humans, animals and plants from socially dangerous and economically significant parasitic diseases by creating new methods for early diagnosis and prevention based on the widespread use of biotechnology, genetics and immunology; and to invention of fundamentally new means of protecting animals and plants that provide a high economic effect.The implementation of the Institute’s main tasks predetermines active scientific and publishing activities that can be designated as the final stage of any research work; therefore, scientific and research institutions publish monographs, collections of scientific papers, reference books, study guides, etc. The purpose of the article is to present main directions of VNIIP’s research and publishing activities highlighting features that characterize certain types of publications.The characteristic is given for two printed publications on advanced scientific research in parasitology, namely, the collection of materials from the “Theory and Practice of Parasitic Disease Control” Conference and the Russian Journal of Parasitology. A typological analysis of publications is given, and its results are presented. The declared features of the publications confirm their quality and meet key requirements of the current book publishing industry in this direction.The material is of interest to promote achievements and findings of the most important studies conducted by the team of scientists of the Institute and will be useful both to publishers and to authors of publications.

Singapore's diverse immunology landscape: interconnected research networks enabling blue sky ideas through to translation.

Singapore stands as a dynamic hub for cutting-edge immunological research and innovation. The country's vibrant research ecosystem is supported by collaborative networks across the many national medical and scientific research institutes, fostering meaningful alliances between academia and industry. In this article, we speak to Assistant Professor Jinmiao Chen from the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and Professor Nicholas Gascoigne from the National University of Singapore (NUS), Duke-NUS Medical School and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) about immunology in Singapore. Credit: Kate Forbes.

Evaluation of the nature of honeysuckle fruiting in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan

Relevance. Evaluate varieties of honeysuckle with stability of fruiting in the climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan with the stability of biotic and abiotic stressors.Materials and methodology. The objects of research are 8 introduced varieties of blue honeysuckle, located in the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center for fruit and berry crops and grapes of the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research is carried out in accordance with the program and methodology of selection and variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops.Results. All studied varieties of honeysuckle had a high level of adaptation to the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. Over the entire period of research, honeysuckle showed good winter hardiness. As a result of a 15-year study, it was revealed: in the 4th year after planting, it enters fruiting, until the 6th–8th year, the yield increases, from the 9th to the 12th year it stabilizes, from the 13th year it decreases. Varieties Bakcharskaya, Chelyabinka, Cinderella, Berel, Pamiati Gidzyuka differed in average precocity. The yield of varieties Bakcharskaya, Chelyabinka, Berel in the 11th year of fruiting exceeded the control by 13–20%. Blueberry and Tick were characterized by stable fruiting and yield — 1.32–4.5 kg/bush, in the control variety Blue spindle yield of 1.5 kg/bush was noted on the 11th and 12th year after planting. Rejuvenating pruning with the removal of perennial branches at a height of 30 cm from the soil level showed that most varieties had an increase in yield in the third or fourth year, and a decrease in the future. When pruning the varieties Bakcharskaya, Galochka, Chernichka, the yield decreased by 27–60% of the control variant (before pruning).

LifeTrain: Driving lifelong learning for biomedical professionals

This article describes LifeTrain — the European common framework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. An important goal of LifeTrain is to support biomedical professionals to work collaboratively across disciplines, sectors and national boundaries. LifeTrain is an open community with a unifying goal; it brings together many excellent, but disparate, activities into a process towards establishing a focused and coherent framework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. This collaborative approach provides the critical mass to make a major contribution to strengthen the skills and competencies of biomedical professionals in a rapidly changing environment. LifeTrain's signatories, which include multinational pharmaceutical companies, research infrastructures, professional and scientific bodies, higher-education institutes and research institutes, have agreed to the principles of the framework and to continue to collaborate to implement LifeTrain. We warmly invite others to join us.

Microbiological parameters as an indicator of acrogenic transformation of medium solonetz by forage crop rotations

Vast territories of Western Siberia (about 40%) are saline. On such lands, perennial grasses - phytomeliorants are mainly grown. The article presents the results of a four-year study of plant-microbial interactions in medium-sodium solonetz under fodder crop rotations with sweet yellow clover and awnless brome. The studies were conducted in the Baraba lowland, where crop rotations using layer-by-layer tillage were cultivated at the SSRIF (Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Feed) station for 33 years. In a six-field crop rotation with sweet clover in the first field, sweet clover of the Alsheevsky variety was sown with a cover crop – Sudan grass of the Novosibirskaya 84 variety; the second field was occupied by sweet clover; the third field was planted with Krasnoobsky oats. After that, everything was repeated all over again. In the crop rotation with rump, millet Kormovoe 45 was buried in the first field; in the second field, an awnless brome cultivar of the Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture -189 and millet were planted. Then the rump grew for four years. As a result of tillage and long-term exposure to phytomeliorant herbs in the 0–20 cm layer of medium solonetz, the biodiversity of bacteria has changed, the nitrification activity of the soil has increased by 1.9–2.3 times (primarily affecting the productivity of grasses cultivated in crop rotations). Under the sweet clover, the process of microbiological humus accumulation was activated. Using metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA, four taxonomic groups of bacteria (phyla) were identified, significantly different from the virgin soil. In both crop rotations in the average solonetz, under the influence of agrobiological reclamation, the proportion of bacteria of the phylum firmicutes, mineralises of complex nitrogen-containing substances and producers of plant growth stimulants, as well as beta- and deltaproteobacteria, functionally associated with improving soil fertility, increased. Under the rump, the representation of Chloroflexi, indicators of soil density, significantly decreased.

Difficulties in purchasing and contracting in support of research projects in public institutions in Brazil: Challenges of Control or dysfunction in the relationship between the involved agents?

This article proposes a new perspective on the difficulties in purchasing and contracting in support of research projects in public institutions in Brazil, which persist even after the legal innovations introduced by the New Legal Framework for Science, Technology, and Innovation (Law 13.243/2016), which were intended to simplify and streamline the procurement processes of goods, services, and supplies for the smooth progress of scientific research. The literature's approach to the subject tends to place greater emphasis on the dysfunctions of Control and issues related to the culture of public administration. However, in this article, we propose expanding this perspective to the intricate relationship between the agents involved or interfering in the process and the complexity of this system, with various problems that may be reinforcing and unintentionally contributing to resistance to the intended change by the new legal framework.

Microbial decontamination of dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) chips using gamma irradiation

This study presented an evaluation of the impact of gamma irradiation as a decontaminating tool in improving microbial quality of dried cassava chips. Thirteen (13) month old white-flesh cassava roots were purchased from an experimental farm of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI) at Pokuase in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The cassava roots were cleaned, peeled, washed and processed into chips, and then oven-dried. The dried cassava chips were gamma irradiated to target doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kGy at a dose rate of 0.75 kGy/h. Un-irradiated chips were used as controls. Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Yeast and Mould Count (YMC), Staphylococcus aureus count (SAC), Bacillus species count (BSC) and Salmonella count (SC) of the dried cassava chips were determined using standard methods. Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, yeast and moulds were detected in the dried cassava chips, except Salmonella. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the microorganisms recorded on the surfaces of the dried cassava chips in dose-dependent manner. Radiation decontamination has the potential to improve microbial quality of dried cassava chips.

The structural characteristics and driving mechanism of collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development in China

AbstractIt is challenging for a single development subject to complete complex scientific research tasks due to the peculiarities of saline–alkali land. Collaborative innovation and cooperation can help break through the common critical technology R&D problems in the development process by sharing information, technology, knowledge, and resources. However, the process of saline–alkali land development in China is slow and the transformation rate of research results is low. Few articles analyze the current situation and driving mechanism of the collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development from the perspective of the innovation chain. This paper first constructs an undirected weighted collaborative innovation network from the upstream, midstream, and downstream levels of technological innovation for saline–alkali land development, analyzing the network's structural characteristics and spatial distribution features. Then uses ERGM to explore the internal and external driving mechanism for network formation from network self‐organization, subject characteristics, and exogenous environmental factors. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the collaborative innovation network is relatively uniform. However, there are also clusters, and the clusters are mostly centered on universities and scientific research institutions. Both the development subjects and clusters present regional features. Centrality and transitivity are crucial to the internal driving mechanism. In the external driving mechanism, the Matthew effect is modest, and the homogeneity effect is considerable; Organizational and technical proximity play a positive role; Geographical and institutional proximity play a blocking role. This study also provides practical enlightenment for encouraging horizontal and vertical collaborative innovation of sustainable development of saline–alkali land.

FOLLOWING THE SCIENTIFIC FOOTPRINTS (GLORIOUS PAGES OF THE LIFE PATH) OF THE OUTSTANDING CRIMINOLOGIST AND FORENSIC EXPERT, ACADEMICIAN MYKHAILO YA. SEHAI

Mykhailo Ya. Sehai was born on March 31, 1923. He fought in World War II against fascist aggression and was awarded orders and many medals. After demobilization, he worked for many years at the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, including 20 years as Deputy Director for Research. He went from junior researcher to acting director of the institute. He practised as a forensic expert and conducted scientific research. After retiring, he worked at the Kyiv Regional Center of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. He died at the age of 90 on May 01, 2013. He defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of legal sciences on the use of forensic identification in certain types of forensic examinations. Mykhailo Sehai defends his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Laws already on the methodology of judicial identification, substantiating it from the standpoint of philosophy. In the next large-scale work, Mykhailo Sehai addresses issues not only of forensic identification but also diagnostic and situational expert tasks. Subsequently, Mykhailo Sehai takes part in the creation of the world’s first law on forensic examination, which combines the rights and obligations of a forensic expert in various types of legal proceedings. Thus, the foundation is laid for the creation of the profession of a forensic expert. Mykhailo Sehai develops the foundations of forensic expertology as a science of forensic activities, including the legal and organizational foundations of this activity, and also generalizes the methodology as part of forensic expertology to three interdisciplinary exercises. The article mentions the teacher of Mykhailo Sehai and the continuation of his work. At the end of the article, it is concluded that Doctor of Law, Professor, and Academician of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine Mykhailo Sehai has been following the path of generalizing previous experience throughout his scientific life, from considering a separate issue to systematizing it and systematizing the views from which this issue is being studied. Thus, briefly, this path can be characterized as follows: from the particular to the general. Mykhailo Sehai has made an invaluable contribution to the development of forensic science and forensic science.

TO THE STUDY OF STRATEGIC CRUISE MISSILES X-101

According to existing provisions, the examination of missile weapons is a set of expert research activities aimed at studying missile and jet weapons, as well as their components (mechanisms, assemblies, etc.) and their interaction in order to obtain reliable information about the objects provided for research. The article discusses some aspects of the research of missile weapons – strategic cruise missiles X-101, the relevance of which is due to their constant use in russia. Now russia is again carrying out massive missile strikes against Ukraine with X-101/55 missiles. The occupiers have changed tactics and prefer mainly strategic cruise missiles to destroy military installations and infrastructure. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that until now there is no methodology for conducting an examination of artillery and missile weapons, and in the specialized literature there is only distinguishable data on missile weapons. Based on the generalization of the expert research practice of the Explosive Research and Research of Rocket and Artillery Weapons Department of the Military Research Laboratory of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, the structural features of the X-101 strategic cruise missile were determined. Considering that many experts do not have information on these missiles, the material of this article will be used in the examination of missile weapons, namely, in the identification and description of research objects. A missile weapons examination is a qualification examination, during which not only an object can be identified as a missile weapon, but it can also be determined what type or type of missile weapon the object belongs to, as well as how this weapon was manufactured. The examination of missile weapons requires special knowledge in the field of missile and jet weapons (the structure/design features and properties of weapons, the procedure for handling and using them, ammunition for them, and the consequences of using them).

Elemental composition of PM10 in indoor environments of a scientific research institution and risk assessment

ABSTRACT Synchronized indoor and outdoor sampling campaigns of PM10 were performed in two research laboratories and a mechanical workshop in Mexico City, during the dry cold season. The goals were to measure indoor and outdoor gravimetric mass and elemental concentrations, recognize the origin of particles, penetration toward the indoor environments, and assess inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption risks to human health. Concentrations of 18 elements were measured with X-ray Fluorescence; selected samples were studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mass concentrations were higher outdoors than indoors and elemental concentrations were similar. Enrichment factors identified several geogenic elements. Cluster Analysis recognized common sources of elements and penetration of outdoor particles to indoor environments. Particles emitted indoors could be identified. Exposure to Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb particles produced low health risks; Cr may only cause an ingestion risk. Only outdoor Mn and Ni Hazard Quotients are higher outdoors than indoors.