Development of human resources and empowerment of young scientists is one of the basic measures for achieving Serbia's current strategic scientific and technological development goals. The aim of our research was to determine which scientific production quality determinants (assumptions) of early-career researchers can strengthen their scientific research capacities and thus increase their scientific research quality. The research was performed using a descriptive method. An e-questionnaire for early-career researchers was prepared (N = 423). The results confirm that early-career researchers assess their scientific research competence differently depending on the scientific field in which they work, or have done their PhD. There are obvious differences in their assessments depending on the length of their work experience. Such results indicate that institutions and individuals need to intensify professional support for early-career researchers.