Schools In City Research Articles

Analysis of occlusion and its correlation with gender in primary and mixed dentition of pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city – A pilot study

The purpose of this pilot study was to analyse the prevalence of occlusion in primary and mixed dentition and correlate it with gender among pre-school and school children of Hazaribag city of Jharkhand. A total of 408 children participated in the study. Out of which, 202 children of 3-5 years age and 206 children of 7-11 years were selected from schools in Hazaribag city of Jharkhand., India, and their occlusion was recorded based on the terminal planes. Data were statistically analysed applying Chi-square test using SPSS software. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Primary Dentition was Mesial Step plane (69.3%) followed by Flush Terminal plane (28.7%) and Distal Step (2%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed more Mesial Step plane (72.6%) than females (65.6%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The most prevalent occlusion seen in the present study for Mixed Dentition was Class I (94.7%) followed by Class II (4.4%) and Class III (0.9%) respectively and the results were statistically significant. A non-significant correlation was also noted with gender. Males showed slightly more Class I (94.8%) than females (94.5%) and order of occurrence of occlusion was same in both the sexes. The Mesial Step plane is significantly more prevalent in preschool children and Class I occlusion is significantly more prevalent in school children of Hazaribagh.

Finite element analysis and retrofit of the existing reinforced concrete columns in Iraqi schools by using CFRP as confining technique

Abstract There are many studies about the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to strengthen concrete members such as columns, beams, and slabs. The effectiveness of these strengthening techniques has been proved by enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete structures. So, CFRP has been used to strengthen and repair existing concrete structures in Iraq. For example, in Al-Mosul city, the strengthening and repairing system is done for concrete members such as beams, columns, and slabs using the Near Surface Mounted or confinement technique. Therefore, the research aim is to use CFRP for maintenance as an alternative material to strengthen and repair concrete members in Iraqi schools. This article employs methods to enhance and repairing of some of concrete columns at Al-Abeer school in Najaf city by using modern materials as an alternative method of maintenance. In addition, finite element analysis was carried out using Abaqus software to verify the effectiveness of strengthening. The reinforced concrete (RC) column strengthened by using fiber-reinforced polymer as a confining technique increased compressive strength by about 91% compared to the control column. In addition, the value of strains increased to nearly 100% in the longitudinal direction with the stability of the value of the lateral strains, despite the occurrence of a significant increase in the compressive strength capacity. So, the values of vertical displacement at stress 4 MPa were 22.3 mm for the strengthened RC column and 5 mm for the control RC column. Thus, the strengthened RC column increases the values of compressive strength with a decrease in displacement to approximately 22%. Four years ago, the strength of the school building was assessed, thus the success of the strengthening.

An Examination of the Factors Influencing the Urban-rural Education Divide: A Case Study of Cultural Context

As China's per capita GDP index continues to rise, the disparity, especially the education gap between urban and rural development continuously widens, which has an adverse effect on the development of rural areas. Education in rural areas has emerged as a significant concern among the local population. The education difference between rural as well as urban regions can be attributed to various variables, with the often overlooked yet challenging-to-address influences of cultural and historical backgrounds playing a significant role. Consequently, by comparing various research data and literature in urban and rural areas of China, this paper analyzes the specific cultural and historical factors which may contribute to the urban-rural education divide and offers solutions. It is discovered that Confucian culture and the history of the Cultural Revolution are the primary causes of the disparity in education between China's urban and rural populations. At the same time, some historical policies of rural migrant workers may also cause the problem of left-behind children and hence have a negative effect on the disparity between rural and urban areas. China's economic policies, government propaganda, setting some boarding schools in cities, and certain poverty alleviation policies play a significant role in narrowing the education disparity between China's urban and rural populations. It also needs more supervision and long-term stability policies to ensure the future development of the education system in rural areas.

Comparing the Use and Effectiveness of In-Person and Remote Physical Education Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Background Physical education is a key component to improve youth health, but there is limited information on physical education delivery in different formats. Purpose We compared PE formats (in-person versus remote) across evaluation aspects: weekly minutes; perceived effectiveness; and student-to-teacher ratio. Methods We distributed questionnaires (2020–2021 school year) to school contacts who represented NFL Play 60 FitnessGram® Project (n = 216) schools in multiple US cities. Questionnaires entailed learning format, weekly PE minutes, perceived effectiveness, and student-to-teacher ratio. We used linear mixed models to compare PE formats across evaluation variables. Results Among 165 schools, 10% (n = 17) offered in-person instruction, 31% (n = 51) offered remote instruction, and 59% offered both (n = 97). Results revealed higher in-person PE minutes (77.2 ± 7.3) compared to remote minutes (67.1 ± 14.6), but results were not significantly different (p = .19). School contacts reported significantly more effective in-person PE (4.0) than remote PE (2.8, p < .001). In-person PE also had significantly smaller reported student-to-teacher ratio (16.7) compared to remote PE (23.7, p < .001). Discussion Findings indicate PE was offered during the pandemic, but remote learning appeared less effective than in-person PE. Translation to Health Education Practice Efforts are needed to improve remote PE to reinforce high-quality PE in the future.

Urbanisation negatively impacts sleep health and mood in adolescents: a comparative study of female students from city and rural schools of North India.

This study investigated the impact of social settings on sleep, physical and mental health in female adolescents of North India (latitude 29.5oN; longitude 77.5oE). Using a battery of questionnaires, we compared the chronotype, sleep-wake pattern, sleep health (e.g. sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue) and mood (via depression, anxiety and stress symptoms) in female students (age 14-18years) from rural (N = 719) and urban (N = 1033) schools separated by about 35km, but families had almost similar socio-demographic details. The morning type was prevalent amongst rural, whilst the evening type was prevalent amongst urban students who also had access to smart phones, suggesting a possible greater use of the internet. There were greater negative sleep effects, daytime sleepiness, overall poor sleep quality, higher fatigue and anxiety levels in urban than the rural cohort. Interestingly, these measures also differed between school days and free days, suggesting an impact of the conflict between internal biological and social timings (= social jet lag). We also found a significant relationship between chronotype, internet addiction, mood-related parameters and measures of sleep health. Overall, these results suggest a possible impact of social settings on sleep health and mood-related behaviours in female adolescents.

The Relationship between Gene SLC6A3 Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective : This research investigates the alleles of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) intron 8 of the gene SLC6A3 with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Method : The study's target population consisted of children and adolescents referred to the specialized clinic, as well as students attending school in Rasht city during 2021-2022. A sample of 95 children between the ages of 6 and 10 with ADHD was selected as the ADHD group, and 95 healthy children were selected as the control group using purposive sampling. The subjects completed the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) checklist after a clinical interview, and demographic information was collected. Genetic sampling was carried out through hair follicles. The sequence of interest was proliferated using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique )PCR(; afterward, the samples were used for genotype identification on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: The chi-square test results indicated that the 5R / 5R genotype (P = 0.026, χ2 = 7.26) and the 5R allele (P = 0.002, χ2 = 9.35) had a higher frequency compared to the control group. Additionally, the odds ratio test indicated that, compared to other genotypes and alleles, the 5R / 5R genotype (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.29-5.82, P = 0.01) and the 5R allele (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.28-3.19, P = 0.002) increase the odds of developing ADHD by 2.7 and 2 times higher, respectively. Conclusion: The present study successfully showed the association between intron 8 gene polymorphism, which is responsible for encoding the dopamine transporter as well as ADHD in children and adolescents in Iran.

SCHOOL CONSULTATION MODEL IN VIETNAM

The school consultation model in Vietnam currently being implemented according to Circular No. 31/2017/TT-BGDDT effective from February 2, 2018, is the “Part-time teacher” model. The purpose of this exploratory study is to test the awareness of officials and teachers about the effectiveness of elements in the “part-time teacher” school consultation model in high schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research sample was randomly selected from 4 high school heads and from teacher pedagogical training courses and management training classes, with 538 participants, of which teachers (69.0%), and managers (31.0%); in the study sample, there were (36.2%) participating in the school’s psychology team. Research subjects (28.6%) were trained in psychological consultation capacity by topic; (8.9%) training in psychological counseling capacity and granting training certificates; (5.4%) training for bachelor of psychology and master of psychology; (57.1%) had not studied through the psychological counseling competency program. The instrument’s validity and reliability were verified through the evaluation of Cronbach alpha analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). When analyzing the EFA factor, the results of the factors in the model have a positive correlation of 76.2% (R2 = 1.00), in the factors of personnel conducting consultations, policies for personnel participating in consultations, and policies for consulting personnel. Joining the school counseling team, the consultation process and the consultation room have not been paying attention.

Does body mass index distinguish motor proficiency, social and emotional maturity among adolescent girls?

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate whether different body mass index (BMI) groups could serve as a distinguishing factor for assessing motor proficiency and social and emotional maturity in adolescent girls.Methods140 girls ranging from 12 to 14.5 years old were selected from the schools of Tabriz city, Iran. After their height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index, they completed the following questionnaires: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency, Second Edition,Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and Emotional Maturity scale.Resultsnormal-weight girls had a meaningful advantage against overweight and underweight participants in the gross motor factor of motor proficiency (p = 0.004), but there wasn’t a meaningful difference in the fine motor p = 0.196) and coordination factors (p = 0.417). Also, social maturity showed an advantage of normal and underweight adolescent girls in the self-help dressing factor (p = 0.018), while the locomotion skills (p = 0.010) factor revealed a better performance of normal weight and overweight groups over underweight adolescents. No significant differences were observed in the emotional maturity subscales (p = 0.63) between the groups.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that BMI has a direct influence on adolescents’ gross motor proficiency and social maturity.

A comparison of caries experience among orphanage children with non-orphans attending government school of indore city.

Oral health is an imperative to general health. It is important in many aspects of child development, as poor oral health can lead to problems with nutrition, speech development and self-esteem. Children living in orphanage are considered vulnerable to oral diseases. To identify and compare the caries experience of children between the ages of 6 and 15 living in orphanages with children attending school in the city of Indore. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 6-15 years aged orphanage children and children studying in schools located in the same geographical area of the Indore city. A total of 200 children in each group were taken under the study. The data collected were oral hygiene practice and dentition status on WHO form 2013 for adults. The data was then analysed to determine mean DMFT and deft score. A statistically significant (p=0.001) difference in mean DMFT between orphans and non-orphans was observed. The decayed and missing component shows a statistically significant (p=0.001) difference between the orphans and non-orphans. For the primary dentition, the results show that the mean deft of orphans (0.28±0.84) was significantly higher (p=0.001) than non-orphans. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the dental caries experience of orphans living in government-funded orphanage homes was found to be better than non-orphans studying in government school.

Cell phone use and Self-reported wellbeing among teenage students of Bangladesh

Background: Though cell phone is an essential instrument for modern communication, increasing use of it can cause detrimental effects on the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults. Objectives: Present study aimed to determine the association between cell phone use and self-reported wellbeing among teenage students of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January-December 2021, among 382 teenagers who had been using cell phone for &gt;6 months. Teenagers were selected by convenience sampling technique from selected schools of Dhaka city. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS software and quality of data was ensured in all steps of the study. Ethical issues were maintained strictly. Results: Out of the 382 teenagers, 55.5% were female. Mean age of the teenagers was 15.82 years. Most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (16.2%), headache (11.3%), and sleeping problems (10.7%). Statistical analysis indicated that fatigue was significantly increased in female teenagers (AOR=1.84, p=0.042) and teenagers from middle and upper social class (p=0.005), headache was significantly associated with female teenagers (AOR= 3.42, p=0.002), and sleeping problem was associated with duration of CP use ≥6 hours/day (AOR=3.36, p=0.003). Palpitation was associated with duration of CP use/day (For 4-5 hours: AOR=4.05, p&lt;0.001; and for ≥6 hours: AOR=3.28, p&lt;0.005) and depression was associated with years of CP usage &gt;1 year (AOR=2.43, p=0.015). Conclusion: The study revealed factors that were associated with potential negative effects of cell phone use on well being of teenagers. Guardians should pay adequate attention to the teenager to mitigate those negative effects of cell phone use. Further comprehensive research is needed in this area. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2023; 49: 150-156

Allergic Rhinitis Comorbidity on Asthma Outcomes in City School Children.

Allergic Rhinitis Comorbidity on Asthma Outcomes in City School Children.

Solo Parents Profile and Students Classroom Engagement in Public Secondary Schools, City Schools Division of Dasmariñas: Basis for an Intervention Scheme

Solo Parents Profile and Students Classroom Engagement in Public Secondary Schools, City Schools Division of Dasmariñas: Basis for an Intervention Scheme

The path of a principal: A conversation with Sham Bevel

Sham Bevel, principal of Bayside Sixth Grade Campus in the Virginia Beach City Schools, is one of three finalists for the 2024 National Principal of the Year award. The honor, awarded annually by the National Association of Secondary School Principals, recognizes outstanding school leaders who make exemplary contributions to their schools, staff, students, and the profession. Phi Delta Kappan spoke with Bevel about her path to becoming a principal, how principals keep their schools aligned and focused on their goals, and the importance of modeling expectations.

Equity-centered school leaders

Ohio’s Columbus City Schools developed a new urban grow-your-own principal pipeline. This pipeline emphasizes the cultivation of equity-centered principals who can address educational and social disparities in transformative and sustainable ways. Drawing from research and professional literature and from district and stakeholder engagements, author James C. Eslinger outlines six interrelated critical dispositions that need to be nurtured within school leaders. He demonstrates how these dispositions are integrated in the recruitment, preparation, and induction of aspiring and novice school leaders in the district. These dispositions are key drivers for leaders’ beliefs and practices to advance equity in schools and beyond.

Students’ mathematical critical thinking through the conceptual change approach

Critical thinking ability is one of the higher order thinking skills. Students who have high critical thinking skills are expected to have the ability to analyze problems properly and precisely. The purpose of the present study was to find out the differences in students' mathematical critical thinking skills who received learning using the conceptual change approach and those who received conventional learning, namely the scientific approach. This study was conducted at a junior high school in South Tangerang City, Banten Province. The research method used was a quasi-experimental research design with a post test only control design. The research sample consisted of 70 students consisting of 37 students in the experiment group and 33 students in the control group selected by a cluster random sampling technique. Results indicate that students' mathematical critical thinking skills who learned with the conceptual change approach are higher than those of students who learned by the scientific approach. The critical thinking skills of students who received learning by the conceptual change approach were 72.64%, on the indicator of analyzing arguments, 67.23%, on the indicator of making conclusions, 84.46%, on evaluating, and 61.85% on solving problems

A Qualitative Study of School Social Workers’ Practice and Case Management Process in Preparatory Schools in Erbil City

This study investigated the status of school social workers in preparatory schools in Erbil city in managing students’ problems, as a case management process. It is also focused on the school social workers in empowering, strengthening, and solving the daily problems in which students face. Additionally, the level of student’s trust and reliance on the capacity and skills of the school social workers were illustrated in overcoming their problems. The study looked at the reasons behind the lack of school social workers and the supervision procedures by the Ministry of Education for school social workers. Furthermore, discussing prepared guidelines for school social workers to rely on by Ministry of Education. Methodologically, semi-structured Interviews have been used with school social workers as a tool to obtain the necessary information and data. interview has been referred to as a “conversation with a purpose. Aside from interviews, focus group FGD tool applied with students to obtain in-depth and accurate data. The conclusion of the study was that school social workers have no knowledge of the case management process and procedure. and most of the school social workers are graduates of sociology; a small number of graduates were from psychology, and some schools have social workers who have graduated from different specialties.

Problems of social studies teachers in The third cycle of primary school from the teachers' perspective

Problems of Social materials teachers in the 3rd circle of the basic stage from the teachers’ point of view and proposals for solutionsThe goal of the research is to know the problem of the teachers of (social materials) within the 3rd circle of the essential schools through the vision of these teachers. Researcher humanitarianly depended on the teachers of (social materials), and geographically benefited from the secondary schools in Sulaymaniyah city for year (2020-2021). According to privacy and nature of the research and its goal is depended on the method of survey description. The research sample consists of (120) teachers; (45) males and (75) females. They´re randomly selected by the consideration the number of the teachers. Researcher despite the fact that they were benefited from previous researches and other resources, and he have established a mechanism (referendum form) for collecting information, encompassing (5) fields divided to (40) sections, to ensure that the mechanism is right and suitable; researcher distributed forms among variety number of experts and specialists of education and psychology fields. After forms are returned and filled (%85) granted honesty and confidence of the experts and specialists, then to extract the stability of the mechanism, they used the method to repeat exams, which granted (0,81) degrees. Finally the method is applied on the origin sample; answers are analyses by using central statistic formula, percentage, and numbering. At the end of the research results are declared, proposals and recommendations are offered.

Engaging school children in sustainable lifestyle: Opportunities and challenges

IntroductionSustainable Development Goal 12.8 aims to capacitate people with relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature. This study documents unique opportunities and challenges associated with engaging school children in Sustainable lifestyle for health. ObjectiveTo identify opportunities and challenges in engaging school children in Sustainable Lifestyle. MethodsParticipatory action research was designed through “Sustainable lifestyle Campaign” for 134 students (11–14 years) of 8 schools in Kolar city, Karnataka, India. The project was divided into Induction, Interaction and Reinforcement phases. Induction phase included Inter-school competitions (on themes of climate change and health). In Interaction phase, participants individually named various impacts of climate change and the climate change risk they perceived. In groups of 6–8, they then Free Listed and Pile sorted Climate change actions. In Reinforcement phase, interactive games and symposium on Climate Change and Sustainable Lifestyle were organized for the participants. At the end of Reinforcement phase, participants repeated the free listing and pile sorting exercise. Free lists were analyzed for frequencies and Smith's Salience Index, and the pile sorts using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (non-metric MDS) using Anthropac ver 4.98. ResultsThe participants named “Cancer” (65%) and “Asthma” (50%) as health impacts of climate change while other impacts were largely unknown. Major themes, such as “Perceived risk”, “Eagerness to engage in climate action”, “Incompleteness of information” and “Lack of autonomy” were identified. Reinforcement phase improved frequency and Smith's salience (>0.8) of individual level climate change actions across groups. Non-metric MDS showed that rationale of pile sorting shifted from “Source-based” sorting to “Level of Action” based sorting after the Reinforcement. ConclusionsExisting knowledge of participants regarding sustainable lifestyle is theoretical with insufficient emphasis on health. Sustainable lifestyle awareness campaigns focusing children must have provisions for family and peer involvement to sustain the individual or family level actions.

Dietary Patterns and Oral Health among School Children Aged 6-12 years Old in Kirkuk City

Introduction: Oral health is the practice of keeping the mouth &amp; teeth clean to prevent dental problems, like caries and ulcers .For this sake a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the extent and effects of dietary pattern on oral health among school aged children in Kirkuk city's primary schools on a sample. Material and methods: Sample size of 120 pupils by selecting 5 pupils from each stage from 4 different schools. The duration of the study was 1 month from the 1st of March 2015 to 31th of the same month and was carried out using a questionnaire which was given to the pupils to be filled by their parents. Results: The most i mportant finding of the study was that there is a relationship betwee n dietary intake and dental problems. Conclusion: That swee teners consumer has the highest percentage of dental problems.

Analysis of Students Scientific Reasoning Ability and the Correlation to Students Cognitive Ability in Physics Learning

This study aims to identify students scientific reasoning ability in Palu city and the correlation between students’ scientific reasoning abilities and their cognitive aptitude within the context of physics education. In this study, we adopted a descriptive quantitative research method where the respondents consist of four high schools in Palu city, namely SMAN 1, SMAN 7, SMAN 6, and SMAN 4 Palu. An instrument by Lawson (LCSTR) was adapted for this study and it consist of 12 items two tier multiple-choice that contains conservation of mass and volume, proportional thinking, control of variables, probabilistic thinking, correlational thinking, and hypothetical deductive reasoning. Meanwhile, for the cognitive understanding test, we utilized a static fluid concept comprehension test. The findings of this research using SPSS to analyzed find that Pearson correlation coefficient is 0,54 that revealed significant correlations between students’ scientific reasoning abilities and their cognitive aptitude in the context of physics learning. These correlations provided valuable insights into how these components influence each other and impact students’ performance and achievement in physics. The study’s result has implications for educators as a reference in the selection of models and methods of physics learning appropriate to train and develop students scientific reasoning skills.